The Use of Submerged Structured Packings in Biofilm Reactors for Wastewater Treatment

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 723-731 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ryhiner ◽  
B. Birou ◽  
H. Gros
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Wastewater Purification ◽  
Biofilm Reactors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Solids Retention ◽  
Structured Packings ◽  
Pollution Removal

Structured packings are utilized as biomass carriers in new types of biofilm reactors. These systems have been tested and characterized for a wide range of applications, e.g. carbonaceous and nitrogenous pollution removal of domestic wastewater, purification of industrial effluents, etc. Their efficiency is discussed in terms of eliminated loads and suspended solids retention, as well as with respect to the factors influencing the costs of operation: head loss, backwash frequency, sludge water production. Design considerations of full scale units include both process-related parameters and technological aspects.

Characterization of suspended solids in/out airlift biofilm-reactors

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Roessink ◽  
Dick H. Eikelboom
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Suspended Material ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Biofilm Reactors ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Suspended Biomass ◽  
Biofilm Process ◽  
Microscopic Techniques

In airlift reactors the biomass is immobilized on small (200-300 μm) carrier particles, suspended in the water phase. If domestic wastewater is treated in these systems, the soluble and colloidal compounds are generally removed with an efficiency of 75±5%. However, the overall treatment results are negatively affected by the high amount of suspended material in the effluent. Different fractions in influent and effluent were analyzed using microscopic techniques and chemical analyses to collect more information about the behavior of suspended solids. Settlable (Se), centrifugable (C), filterable (F) and soluble (So) fractions were obtained by sequential settling, centrifugation and filtration. After correction for sorbed soluble compounds the fractions C, F, and So contributed 30%, 20% and 50% respectively to the COD of presettled wastewater. During periods when biofilms were compact/smooth and the population of protozoa in the reactor was small, size and composition of the C-fraction only slightly changed when passing the reactor. The removal efficiency of this fraction increased from less than 10% to 15-25% if large populations of protozoa were present, which were able to consume more than 99% of the free cells. Additionally, a small amount of settlable compounds (< 20 mg COD/l) was formed in the reactor. This amount increased to 40-60 mg COD/l as soon as the surface of the films changed from smooth to very irregular due to growth of “streamers” and/or filamentous bacteria. Retention of this suspended biomass under these circumstances resulted in the development of an activated sludge process under these circumstances. The advantages of the biofilm process were thus partly lost.

Use of engineered wetlands for onsite treatment of wastewater by the local communities: Experiences from Tanzania

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. N. Njau ◽  
W. J. S. Mwegoha ◽  
R. J. Kimwaga ◽  
J. H. Y. Katima
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Pollutant Removal ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Waste Stabilization Ponds ◽  
Teachers College ◽  
Operation And Maintenance ◽  
Wide Range

Since its inception about 10 years ago, Constructed Wetlands (CWs) technology has been well received in Tanzania due to a wide range of functions. CWs are used to treat wastewater from municipal systems, pulp and paper industries, prisons, schools and colleges. Among the recipients of CWs are the Moshi Urban Water and Sewerage Authority (MUWSA) for polishing Waste Stabilization Ponds effluents, Kibo Paper Mills for treating industrial effluents, Shinyanga, Malya and Bariadi Prison and Kleruu Teachers College and Ruaha High School for Treatment of domestic wastewater. All these systems are Horizontal Sub-Surface Flow Constructed Wetlands. This paper reports on results of a survey of the six (6) mentioned operating CW systems, focusing on the existing situation and the observed operation and maintenance challenges and needs. The survey was carried by visiting the CWs and sampling for determination of BOD5, COD, PO42-, NO3-N, and NH3-N. Results from the survey and laboratory analyses in three of these CWs indicated lack of general and site-specific operation and maintenance guidelines, which seriously affect life of these systems, aesthetics and performance of pollutant removal. This is evidenced by failure of these systems to meet local and international permissible discharge limits to the receiving water bodies.

scholarly journals Sequential micro and ultrafiltration of distillery wastewater

2015 ◽  
pp. 177-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Vasic ◽  
Marina Sciban ◽  
Dragana Kukic ◽  
Jelena Prodanovic ◽  
Nikola Maravic
Keyword(s):  
Water Reuse ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Membrane Separation ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Wastewater Purification ◽  
Produce Water ◽  
Distillery Wastewater ◽  
Drinking Water Production

Water reuse and recycling, wastewater treatment, drinking water production and environmental protection are the key challenges for the future of our planet. Membrane separation technologies for the removal of all suspended solids and a fraction of dissolved solids from wastewaters, are becoming more and more promising. Also, these processes are playing a major role in wastewater purification systems because of their high potential for recovery of water from many industrial wastewaters. The aim of this work was to evaluate the application of micro and ultrafiltration for distillery wastewater purification in order to produce water suitable for reuse in the bioethanol industry. The results of the analyses of the permeate obtained after micro and ultrafiltration showed that the content of pollutants in distillery wastewater was significantly reduced. The removal efficiency for chemical oxygen demand, dry matter and total nitrogen was 90%, 99.2% and 99.9%, respectively. Suspended solids were completely removed from the stillage.

Coagulation/flocculation/ultrafiltration for natural organic matter removal in drinking water production

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.R. Costa ◽  
M.N. de Pinho
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Water Production ◽  
Cellulose Acetate Membranes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Drinking Water Production

Membrane fouling by natural organic matter (NOM), namely by humic substances (HS), is a major problem in water treatment for drinking water production using membrane processes. Membrane fouling is dependent on membrane morphology like pore size and on water characteristics namely NOM nature. This work addresses the evaluation of the efficiency of ultrafiltration (UF) and Coagulation/Flocculation/UF performance in terms of permeation fluxes and HS removal, of the water from Tagus River (Valada). The operation of coagulation with chitosan was evaluated as a pretreatment for minimization of membrane fouling. UF experiments were carried out in flat cells of 13.2×10−4 m2 of membrane surface area and at transmembrane pressures from 1 to 4 bar. Five cellulose acetate membranes were laboratory made to cover a wide range of molecular weight cut-off (MWCO): 2,300, 11,000, 28,000, 60,000 and 75,000 Da. Severe fouling is observed for the membranes with the highest cut-off. In the permeation experiments of raw water, coagulation prior to membrane filtration led to a significant improvement of the permeation performance of the membranes with the highest MWCO due to the particles and colloidal matter removal.

Analysis of organic removal rates in the aerated submerged fixed film process

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 213-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed F. Hamoda ◽  
Ibrahim A. Al-Ghusain
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Hydraulic Loading ◽  
Organic Removal ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fixed Film ◽  
Cod Removal Rate ◽  
And Performance

Performance data from a pilot-plant employing the four-stage aerated submerged fixed film (ASFF) process treating domestic wastewater were analyzed to examine the organic removal rates. The process has shown high BOD removal efficiencies (> 90%) over a wide range of hydraulic loading rates (0.04 to 0.68 m3/m2·d). It could also cope with high hydraulic and organic loadings with minimal loss in efficiency due to the large amount of immobilized biomass attained. The organic (BOD and COD) removal rate was influenced by the hydraulic loadings applied, but organic removal rates of up to 104 kg BOD/ m2·d were obtained at a hydraulic loading rate of 0.68 m3/m2·d. A Semi-empirical model for the bio-oxidation of organics in the ASFF process has been formulated and rate constants were calculated based on statistical analysis of pilot-plant data. The relationships obtained are very useful for analyzing the design and performance of the ASFF process and a variety of attached growth processes.

Treatment of Dairy Wastewater in a Novel Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 703-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Rusten ◽  
H. Ødegaard ◽  
A. Lundar
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Dairy Wastewater ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Moving Bed ◽  
Biofilm Reactors ◽  
In Series

A novel moving bed biofilm reactor has been developed, where the biofilm grows on small, free floating plastic elements with a large surface area and a density slightly less than 1.0 g/cm3. The specific biofilm surface area can be regulated as required, up to a maximum of approximately 400 m2/m3. The ability to remove organic matter from concentrated industrial effluents was tested in an aerobic pilot-plant with two moving bed biofilm reactors in series and a specific biofilm surface area of 276 m2/m3. Treating dairy wastewater, the pilot-plant showed 85% and 60% COD removal at volumetric organic loading rates of 500 g COD/m3h and 900 g COD/m3h respectively. Based on the test results, the moving bed biofilm reactors should be very suitable for treatment of food industry effluents.

scholarly journals Performance of Filterbeds and Macrophytes in Vertical Constructed Wetland for Treating Domestic Sewage Effluent

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanitha Thammaiah ◽  
Manjunatha Hebbara ◽  
Manjunatha Mudukapla Virupakshappa
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Sewage Effluent ◽  
Ammoniacal Nitrogen ◽  
Wetland Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Abstract An experiment with different filterbeds and macrophytes was carried-out to study their phytoremediation capacity on the efficiency of domestic wastewater treatment through constructed wetland (CW) during November to March, 2017-18 at University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad campus, Karnataka, India. Twenty treatment combinations involving five types of filterbeds (FB-1: gravel, FB-2: gravel-sand-gravel, FB-3: gavel-sand-brick-gravel, FB-4: gravel-sand-charcoal-gravel and FB-5: gravel-sand-(charcoal+brick)-gravel) and four macrophytes (MP-1: Typha latifolia, MP-2: Brachiaria mutica, MP-3: Canna indica and MP-4: Phragmites sps.) were evaluated for treating domestic wastewater. After 120 days from start, across treatment combinations, water electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved and suspended solids (TDS-TSS), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), sodium, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), bicarbonates, total nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (N-P-K) and boron (B) were reduced by more than 40 per cent due to wetland treatment. The system enhanced the mineralization of organic nitrogen to ammoniacal nitrogen (NH4+-N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) fractions. Among filterbeds, Type-5 caused higher reduction in pH, EC, BOD, COD and Organic-N while, Type-4 proved efficient in removing total solids and lowering pH in the sewage effluent. The Type-3 filterbed removed more suspended solids, potassium and ammoniacal nitrogen. Among the macrophytes, Brachiaria (paragrass) removed more nitrogen and potassium while, Phragmites removed more nitrogen, phosphorus and boron. The flexibility of implementation allows the CW to be adapted to different sites with different configurations, being suitable as main, secondary or tertiary treatment stage.

Wastewater Treatment for Effluent Reuse: Lime-Induced Removal of Excreted Pathogens

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Gambrill ◽  
D. D. Mara ◽  
J. I. Oragui ◽  
S. A. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Faecal Coliforms ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Effluent Reuse ◽  
Jar Test ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Crop Irrigation

High quality effluents suitable for crop irrigation can be produced by lime and Clarifloc treatment of raw domestic wastewater: in laboratory jar-test experiments the average percentage removals were 99.999 for faecal coliforms, 99 – 99.9 for salmonellae, 99.9 – 100 for total parasites and 99 – 99.9 percent for rotavirus. The average removals of COD and suspended solids were 79 – 87 and 97 percent respectively. Clarifloc treatment was marginally better than that achieved by lime.

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