Positive Correlations between Catchment Areas and Densities of Bacteria in the Upper Reaches of a River

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 1965-1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hirotani ◽  
Y. Matsui ◽  
C. Sese ◽  
H. Kagawa
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
The Other ◽  
Logarithmic Scale ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Effective Precipitation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Positive Correlations

Positive correlations in logarithmic scale were found between catchment areas and densities of bacteria in the upper reaches of the Ishite River in Ehime Prefecture, Japan. The constants, i.e. the intercepts and the slopes, given in the regression lines were analyzed to examine the factors affecting the bacterial counts. For this purpose we introduced the term “effective precipitation ” which gives weight to the rainfall recorded near the day of sampling. It was suggested that total bacterial counts were affected by effective precipitation and water temperature. On the other hand, fecal coliform counts appeared to relate only to water temperature.

Factors Affecting the Development of Academic Law Libraries in Nigeria

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-160
Author(s):  
I.E. Aguolu
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Political Instability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Local Production ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Legal Texts ◽  
Typical History ◽  
History Of

This study highlights some factors that have influenced the development of academic law libraries in Nigeria. Inadequacy of local production of legal texts, exorbitant cost of the available texts, and scarcity of foreign exchange, were identified as major constraints. On the other hand, factors which have promoted the development of academic law libraries in Nigeria include the existence and use of published standards for law libraries, accreditation requirement for law faculties, book gifts and loans. Moreover, Nigeria's typical history of political instability and proliferation of states has paradoxically not been a hindrance but a catalyst for the emergence of numerous social and educational institutions including universities and academic law libraries.

Factors affecting the shape of the lactation curve in cattle

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. D. P. Wood
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Lactation Curve ◽  
Suitable Technique

SUMMARYThe lactation curve in cattle has been explained by the expression yn = Anbe-cn where yn is the average daily yield in the nth week, and A, b, and c are constants. In general, in a sample of 859 Friesian lactations recorded during 1964–65 daily yield was depressed during the winter months (18·8% in January) and stimulated during the spring (14·7% in May) to an extent which was independent of the stage of lactation. Winter calvers on the other hand tended to produce more in total lactation than spring calvers (14·5% for animals calving in November as opposed to those calving in April).Using a suitable technique it is possible to predict month by month output from a cow, or herd, accurately enough to furnish a basis for forward planning.

scholarly journals Trichoptera diversity in Icelandic springs

Zoosymposia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
AGNES-KATHARINA KREILING ◽  
GÍSLI M. GÍSLASON ◽  
BJARNI K. KRISTJÁNSSON
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
The Other ◽  
Larval Abundance ◽  
Sandy Substrate ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Environmental Properties ◽  
Freshwater Springs

The aim of this study was to characterize the Trichoptera fauna of freshwater springs in Iceland and to relate distribution of caddis larvae to environmental properties of the springs. Out of a total of 48 springs sampled, Trichoptera larvae were found in only eleven. Larval densities were low, as was species diversity. Only three of the 12 species known to occur in Iceland were found: Apatania zonella, Limnephilus griseus, and Limnephilus affinis. The occurrence of A. zonella in springs in North-Iceland may suggest that springs might play a role as refugia for this species that is otherwise excluded from the area by larvae of the predatory caddis species Potamophylax cingulatus, which seems to be absent from spring habitats. Caddis larval abundance was higher in rheocrene springs and in springs with sandy substrate, and decreased with increasing water temperature. Presence or absence of Trichoptera larvae, on the other hand, was not associated with any of the environmental variables measured.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Financial Performance Of District/City Local Government Of Yogyakarta

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aristyan Jeffri Nugroho ◽  
Martianus Budiantara
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
The Other ◽  
Significant Positive Effect ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Financial Report ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Positive Effect

The  research aims to find out factors of financial performance of local goverment regencies or city in Yogyakarta. Independent variabel are wealth of local goverment, dependence with central goverment, and local goverment expenditures. On the other hand the dependent variable is financial performance of local goverment as measured by the efficiency ratio. Population of this research are local goverment financial report (LKPD) of Yogyakarta period 2010-2014 audited by BPK. The sample are estimate realization report (LRA) all regencies or city and the province of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Hypothesis of this research were examined by using multiple regression in SPSS 16 software. Result of this reearch indicate that wealth of local goverment have significant positive effect on the financial performance of local goverment. Dependence with central goverment have significant positive effect on the financial performance of local goverment. Then, local goverment expenditures also have significant positive effect on the financial performance of local goverment.   Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja keuangan pemerintah daerah kabupaten/kota yogyakarta

scholarly journals The Impact of Task-Based Approach on EFL Learner’s Performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 301
Author(s):  
Dr. Omer Elsheikh Hago Elmahdi
Keyword(s):  
Relevant Literature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Speaking Skill ◽  
Based Instruction ◽  
Task Based Instruction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Teaching Instruction

<p><em>The aim of this study is to investigate the extent to which task-based instruction affecting EFL learners’ performance. This paper covers the impact of task approach on EFL learners’ performance. It shades light on the relevant literature reviewed and studies on TBLT. At the same time, t</em><em>he speaking skill and s</em><em>peaking sub-skills are introduced as a base for t</em><em>eaching and developing speaking activities. On the other hand, the paper reflects on implementing task-based instruction and the p</em><em>rinciples for implementation by drawing a framework for implementation, and factors affecting implementation of TBI. On the above findings, the researcher recommends that teaching instruction should be given more attention in EFL classes in the light of using task-based approach. Also the researcher suggests that further research is needed to explore more in the effectiveness of task-based programs on EFL learner’s performance as well as its fluency.</em></p>

Sin and Self-Functioning, Part 3: The Psychology and Ideology of Irrational Beliefs

1988 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 348-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. Watson ◽  
Ronald J. Morris ◽  
Ralph W. Hood
Keyword(s):  
Irrational Beliefs ◽  
World View ◽  
Direct Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Religious Motivation ◽  
Irrational Thinking ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Rational Emotive ◽  
Positive Correlations

Irrational beliefs identified by Rational-Emotive theory (Ellis, 1962) as pathogenic were related to religious motivations and to orthodox beliefs having to do with sin. An extrinsic religious motivation and beliefs referring to the guilt of others appeared to predict problematic self-functioning. On the other hand, intrinsicness and beliefs about grace displayed complex linkages with irrational thinking and were also associated with less depression. A direct analysis of how subjects evaluated specific beliefs relative to their religious commitments suggested that positive correlations of intrinsicness and of grace with at least some irrational beliefs may not be indicative of true “irrationality.” Instead, religious individuals may be reasoning from a world view that is ideologically incompatible with Rational-Emotive theory.

Risk of Salmonellosis Associated with Consumption of Chocolate in Mexico

1995 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 478-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA. REFUGIO TORRES-VITELA ◽  
EDUARDO F. ESCARTIN ◽  
ALEJANDRO CASTILLO
Keyword(s):  
Potential Risk ◽  
Brilliant Green ◽  
The Other ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
Nonfat Milk ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Infective Dose ◽  
Enrichment Methods

To assess the potential risk of salmonellosis associated with consumption of chocolate, the prevalence of Salmonella spp. was investigated in retail wrapped and nonwrapped solid chocolate in Guadalajara, Mexico. Previously, the efficiency of preenrichment and enrichment methods to isolate low numbers of Salmonella in chocolate was compared. Though not completely efficient, a preenrichment in nonfat milk without brilliant green, followed by enrichment in tetrathionate and selenite cystine broths gave better results than the other methods studied. Regarding the survey of retail chocolate, Salmonella was isolated from 2 (4.5%) of 44 samples of wrapped chocolate and from none of 56 samples of nonwrapped chocolate. The serovars identified were Salmonella agona and Salmonella derby. There were no significant differences between coliform counts or total bacterial counts obtained from wrapped and nonwrapped chocolate. The presence of Salmonella in chocolate is of concern due to the several low-infective-dose Salmonella outbreaks that have been linked to chocolate. On the other hand, a technique capable of detecting low numbers of Salmonella in chocolate is still needed.

scholarly journals Study on the Behavior of the Water Temperature Inversion Layer in the Northern East China Sea

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seong Hyeon Kim ◽  
Bok Kyoung Choi ◽  
Eung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
East China Sea ◽  
Inversion Layer ◽  
Temperature Inversion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Jeju Island ◽  
East China ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Other Hand

To investigate the behavioral characteristics of the water temperature inversion layer (TIL), we used data (KODC) from areas in the Northern East China Sea from 1995 to 2016. Water temperature and salinity surveys were conducted 8820 casts over 22 years. Of these, 1589 water temperature inversion layers were found, and the probability of occurrence was 18.0%. In the Gageo island, probability of TIL occurrence in winter was 25 times higher than in summer. On the other hand, in the south of Jeju Island, summer values were 3.7 times higher than winter values. A T–S diagram analysis shows the components of the water temperature inversion layers. Yellow Sea Cold Water was mainly found in the winter, while Jeju Warm Currents and Tsushima Warm Currents were found in summer. The correlation between the probability of the occurrence of a monthly water temperature inversion layer and the amount of seawater volume transported into the study area was analyzed. The correlation coefficient was higher than r = 0.8 in parts of southern Jeju Island. On the other hand, the correlation coefficient was r = −0.6 in the Gageo Island. The spatial correlation index for the seawater volume transport and the water temperature inversion layer is presented.

Microstructural Factors Affecting the Deformation Behavior of Mg12ZnY LPSO-Phase Alloys

2012 ◽  
Vol 706-709 ◽  
pp. 1158-1163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Hagihara ◽  
Akihito Kinoshita ◽  
Yoshihiro Fukusumi ◽  
Michiaki Yamasaki ◽  
Yoshihito Kawamura
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Yield Stress ◽  
Deformation Behavior ◽  
Basal Slip ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Lpso Phase ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Other Hand

Microstructural factors that govern the plastic deformation of the long-period stacking ordered (LPSO) phase were clarified. The decrease in length of the long-axis for the plate-like shape of LPSO-phase grains increases the yield stress of the alloy in which basal slip is predominant in deformation. On the other hand, the yield stress tended to increase as the thickness of the plate-like shapes of the grains decreased for the alloy in which the formation of deformation kinks carried the strain.

scholarly journals Fungi against insects and contrariwise as biological control models

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Waill A. Elkhateeb ◽  
Kareem M. Mousa ◽  
Marwa O. ELnahas ◽  
Ghoson M. Daba
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Control Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Host Insect ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Biological Control Of Insects

Abstract Background Biological control of insects is the current goal of modern researches to avoid using the harmful chemicals. Some fungi are capable of infecting and killing insects and, hence, are commonly known as entomopathogenic fungi (EPF). On the other hand, some insects can kill harmful fungal strains using their products such as peptides. Hence, the aim of this review article is to highlight the use of EPF as biocontrol tools against each other. Results EPF are generally characterized by having a wide range of hosts which made them the perfect candidate for biological control missions. They are existing in abundance in the environment and involved in plenty of environmental interactions. They have prestigious enzymatic machinery and toxins that contribute as killing tools. Moreover, after penetrating the insect, the expanded vegetative growth of hyphal bodies enabling the invasion of the fungi throughout the entire tissues of host insect cause physic, histolytic, and pathologic changes ultimately leading to the death of the host insect. On the other hand, some insects can kill harmful fungal strains using their secreted products such as peptides. Conclusion In this review, the use of fungi and insects as biological control agents against each other was described. Furthermore, the history of using EPF for this purpose, their killing mechanism, host range, and the factors affecting EPF virulence were highlighted. Moreover, the role of insect’s immunology and some insect’s products as antifungal agents was presented focusing on peptides with biological activities against fungi. Finally, future prospects concerning the use of insects and fungi in biological control process were discussed.

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