Enhancing the removal of pollutants by an on-stream pond

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 325-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Van Buren ◽  
W. E. Watt ◽  
J. Marsalek
Keyword(s):  
Pollution Control ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Residence Times ◽  
Contaminant Removal ◽  
Control Performance ◽  
Sampling Program ◽  
Performance Results

A methodology is presented for assessing the pollution control performance of an on-stream pond located in Kingston, Ontario, Canada, and enhancing the removal of pollutants by remediation techniques., Descriptions are provided of the instrumentation used to measure continuously rainfall and water levels, and the sampling program to collect stormwater samples., The assessment is based on examining contaminant removals for both baseflow and event conditions and applying in-pond remedial measures to improve pond performance., Results on removal rates are provided for selected dissolved constituents (total dissolved solids, sulphate and chloride), nutrients, suspended solids, metals and organic contaminants., In summary, dissolved constituents exhibit zero removal for baseflow periods and positive removal for events; nutrients and suspended solids exhibit negative removal for baseflow periods and positive removal for events; and metals and organics exhibit positive removal for both baseflow periods and events. Remediation techniques are discussed and preliminary results of one technique — internal pond baffles — indicate that extended hydraulic residence times and prevention of flow short-circuiting result in increased particulate settling and associated contaminant removal.

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF YAMUNA RIVER AT GOKUL BARRAGE, MATHURA (UP) INDIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
AJAY KUMAR RAJAWAT ◽  
PRAVEEN KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Tolerance Limit ◽  
Chemical Condition ◽  
Yamuna River ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Almost All

An attempt has been made to study the Physico-chemical condition of water of Yamuna River at Gokul Barrage, Mathura, (UP). The time period of study was July 2015 to June 2016. Three water samples were selected from different sites in each month for study. The parameters studied were Temperature, Turbidity, pH, DO, BOD, COD, Total Dissolved Solids and Suspended Solids. Almost all the parameters were found above the tolerance limit.

Flow pattern and residence time of conduit flow and diffuse flow in calcareous sandstones (Bohemian Cretaceous Basin, Czech Republic)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iva Kůrková ◽  
Jiří Bruthans
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Tracer Tests ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
Residence Times ◽  
Karst Springs ◽  
Bohemian Cretaceous Basin

<p>Localities containing karst features were studied in the northwestern part of Bohemian Cretaceous Basin. Namely Turnov area in facies transition between coarse-delta sandstones and marlstones (Jizera Formation, Turonian) and Miskovice area in limestones and sandy limestones - sandstones (Peruc-Korycany Formation, Cenomanian). Evolution of karst conduits is discussed elsewhere (Kůrková et al. 2019).</p><p>In both localities, disappearing streams, caves and karst springs with maximum discharge up to 100 L/s were documented. Geology and hydrogeology of this area was studied from many points of view to describe formation of karst conduits and characterize groundwater flow. Tracer tests were performed using NaCl and Na-fluoresceine between sinkholes and springs under various flow rates to evaluate residence times of water in conduits and to describe geometry of conduits. Breatkthrough curves of tracer tests were evaluated by means of Qtracer2 program (Field 2002). Groundwater flow velocity in channels starts at 0.6 km/day during low water levels up to 15 km/day during maximum water levels, the velocity increases logarithmically as a function of discharge. Similar karst conduits probably occur in other parts of Bohemian Cretaceous Basin where lot of large springs can be found.</p><p>Mean residence time of difussed flow based on tritium, CFC and SF<sub>6</sub> sampled at karst springs is 20 years for 75% of water and 100 years for remaining 25%, based on binary mixing dispersion model. This shows that most of the water drained by karst conduits is infiltrated through the soil and fractured environment with relatively high residence time. Residence times in different types of wells and springs were also measured in whole north-western part of Bohemian Cretaceous Basin. Results indicate long residence times in semi-stagnant zones represented by monitoring wells and short residence times in preferential zones represented by springs and water-supply wells.</p><p> </p><p>Research was funded by the Czech Science Foundation (GA CR No. 19-14082S), Czech Geological Survey – internal project 310250</p><p> </p><p>Field M. (2002): The QTRACER2 program for Tracer Breakthrough Curve Analysis for Tracer Tests in Karstic Aquifers and Other hydrologic Systems. – U.S. Environmental protection agency hypertext multimedia publication in the Internet at http://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/cfm/recordisplay.cfm?deid=54930.</p><p>Kůrková I., Bruthans J., Balák F., Slavík M., Schweigstillová J., Bruthansová J., Mikuš P., Grundloch J. (2019): Factors controlling evolution of karst conduits in sandy limestone and calcareous sandstone (Turnov area, Czech Republic). Journal of Hydrology: 574: 1062-1073</p>

scholarly journals DECOLOURIZATION OF TRIPHENYLMETHANE DYES AND DYE INDUSTRY EFFLUENT BY STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ISOLATED FROM DYE CONTAMINATED SITE

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 258 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sandhiya ◽  
K. Sumaiya Begum ◽  
D. Charumathi
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Dye Decolorization ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
Dyeing Wastewater ◽  
Triphenylmethane Dyes ◽  
Dissolved Solids

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objectives of the present study were a) to isolate and screen bacteria for dye removal from synthetic solution b) to optimize various variables such as pH, static/shaking and initial dye concentration on degradation of triphenyl methane dyes namely basic violet 3 and basic green 4 by isolated <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> c) to analyse enzymes involved in the biodegradation of triphenylmethane dyes d) to treat real leather dyeing wastewater with newly isolated strain of <em>Staphylococcus aureus </em>e) to characterize untreated and treated leather dyeing wastewater f) to study the effects of real and treated effluent on plants and <em>Rhizobium</em>.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Isolation of bacteria from sludge was carried out by spread plate method and the bacteria was identified by morphological and biochemical characterization. The isolated bacterium was screened for dye decolorization potential of triphenylmethane dyes basic violet 3 and basic green 4 The effects of parameters were studied by varying pH (from 3 to 9), temperature (from 15-45 °C), and initial dye concentration (from 10-500 mg/l). The enzyme involved in biodegradation was studied in intracellular extract. Real leather dyeing wastewater was treated with the bacteria and characterized. The treated wastewater was tested on plants and <em>Rhizobium </em>for toxicity. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Dye decolorization potential of bacteria <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> isolated from wastewater for leather dyes basic violet 3 and basic green 4 were evaluated. Dye decolorization using bacteria was found to be dependent on physicochemical parameters (shaking, pH and initial dye concentration). Enzymes NADH-DCIP reductase and MG reductase were found to play dominant role during biodegradation of synthetic dyes. Application oriented studies using growing bacteria in pure cultures were carried out with leather dyeing wastewater collected from DKS prime tanners. Analysis of raw leather dyeing wastewater showed high pollution load in terms of color, Total solids, Total suspended solids, Total dissolved solids and Biological oxygen demand whereas the leather dyeing wastewater treated with pure culture of <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> showed considerable decrease in Total solids, Total suspended solids, Total dissolved solids and Biological oxygen demand values which were within the permissible limits. Phytotoxicity and microbial toxicity studies confirmed the non-toxic nature of treated leather dyeing wastewater. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study proved that <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> can serve as a potential remediation agent for the treatment of leather dyeing wastewater.</p>

scholarly journals Evaluation of Physicochemical Characteristics of Surface Water from Orashi River, Rivers State, Southern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-122
Author(s):  
Onisogen Simeon Edori ◽  
Enize Simeon Edori
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Standard Laboratory ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Drinking Purposes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year ◽  
Rivers State

Water samples were collected from four different stations bimonthly from the Orashi River for a period of one year. The samples were collected from the shores of selected communities along the Engenni axis of the river. The samples were treated and analyzed according to standard laboratory and analytical procedures for water physicochemical parameters. The parameters examined were pH, Salinity, chlorides (Cl-), Conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS) turbidity, temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrates (NO3-), sulphate (SO42-) and phosphates (PO43-). The results showed that the mean values of the evaluated parameters were; pH (6.91±0.11), salinity (9.79±0.27 mg/L), Cl (6.25±0.25 mg/L), conductivity (29.66±1.20 µS/cm), TDS (17.66±2.08 mg/L), TSS (16.83±1.15 mg/L), turbidity (11.84±1.50 mg/L), temperature (28.16±0.12 oC), DO (5.91±0.18 mg/L), BOD (7.30±0.60 mg/L), COD (9.41±0.70 mg/L), NO3- (3.42±0.27 mg/L), SO42- (1.15±0.56 mg/L) and PO43- (15.65±5.76 mg/L). The results of the different parameters showed that all of them fall within the WHO acceptable limit except turbidity, DO and BOD that were not within the recommended range, then COD and phosphates that were either within or above the recommended values at different instances. Based on the findings of this work, the water may not be particularly suitable for drinking purposes, but can be used for other household functions that do not require consumption and also for irrigation. Keywords: water, physicochemical property, human activity, environment, contamination

Phosphorus Pollution Control by Stormwater Bioretention Systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 1817-1822
Author(s):  
Fu Guo Qiu ◽  
Yu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Pollution Control ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Phosphorus Leaching ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Phosphorus Pollution ◽  
Phosphorus Forms ◽  
Study Progress ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

This paper reviewed the development of bioretention systems with a focus on its abilities to control phosphorus in stormwater. Bioretention systems takes full advantage of the matrix-microbes-plant system with simultaneous removal of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, total suspended solids (TSS), heavy metal, and pathogens. But phosphorus removal has been found inconsistent in bioretention systems, which can be observed phosphorus leaching in some systems. The phosphorus forms in stormwater, the distribution and transfer pathways of phosphorus in bioretention system need to be figured out and simulated in order to solve the phosphorus leaching. Some new matrix materials, such as aluminum-based water treatment residual, were also employed to adsorb and trap the phosphorus in stormwater. The latest study progress and further research needs of bioretention systems were summarized.

Renewed thinking on groundwater age

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant Ferguson ◽  
Mark Cuthbert ◽  
Kevin Befus ◽  
Tom Gleeson ◽  
Chandler Noyes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Flows ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Groundwater Age ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Residence Times ◽  
Groundwater Sustainability ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Mean Residence Times ◽  
Recharge Rates

&lt;p&gt;Groundwater age and mean residence times have been invoked as measures of groundwater sustainability, with the idea that old or &quot;fossil&quot; groundwater is non-renewable. This idea appears to come from the link between groundwater age and background recharge rates, which are also of questionable use in assessing the sustainability of groundwater withdrawals. The use of groundwater age to assess renewability is further complicated by its relationship with flow system geometry. Young groundwaters near recharge areas are not inherently more renewable than older groundwaters down gradient. Similarly, there is no reason to preferentially use groundwater from smaller aquifers, which will have smaller mean residence times than larger aquifers for the same recharge rate. In some cases, groundwater ages may provide some information where groundwater recharge rates were much higher in the past and systems are no longer being recharged. However, there are few examples where the relationship between depletion and changes in recharge over long time periods has been rigorously explored. Groundwater age measurements can provide insights into the functioning of groundwater flow systems and calibration targets for numerical models and we advocate for their continued use, but they are not a metric of sustainable development. Simple metrics to assess groundwater sustainability remain elusive and a more holistic approach is warranted to maintain water levels and environmental flows.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Enzyme Kinetics of Organic Contaminant Oxygenations

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 108-114
Author(s):  
Charlotte E. Bopp ◽  
Hans-Peter E. Kohler ◽  
Thomas B. Hofstetter
Keyword(s):  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Organic Contaminant ◽  
Contaminant Removal ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Water Contaminants ◽  
Kinetic Mechanisms ◽  
Substrate Hydroxylation ◽  
Catalytic Cycles ◽  
Persistent Organic Contaminants

Enzymatic oxygenations initiate biodegradation processes of many organic soil and water contaminants. Even though many biochemical aspects of oxygenation reactions are well-known, quantifying rates of oxidative contaminant removal as well as the extent of oxygenation remains a major challenge. Because enzymes use different strategies to activate O2, reactions leading to substrate oxygenation are not necessarily limiting the rate of contaminant removal. Moreover, oxygenases react along unproductive pathways without substrate metabolism leading to O2 uncoupling. Here, we identify the critical features of the catalytic cycles of selected oxygenases that determine rates and extents of biodegradation. We focus most specifically on Rieske dioxygenases, a subfamily of mononuclear non-heme ferrous iron oxygenases, because of their ability to hydroxylate unactivated aromatic structures and thus initiate the transformation of the most persistent organic contaminants. We illustrate that the rate-determining steps in their catalytic cycles range from O2 activation to substrate hydroxylation, depending on the extent of O–O cleavage that is required for generating the reactive Fe-oxygen species. The extent of O2 uncoupling, on the other hand, is highly substrate-specific and potentially modulated by adaptive responses to oxidative stress. Understanding the kinetic mechanisms of oxygenases will be key to assess organic contaminant biotransformation quantitatively.

Wastewater Treatment of Wet Coffee Processing in an Anaerobic Baffled Bioreactor Coupled to Microfiltration System

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veymar G. Tacias-Pascacio ◽  
Abumalé Cruz-Salomón ◽  
José H. Castañón-González ◽  
Beatriz Torrestiana-Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Transmembrane Pressure ◽  
Organic Matter Removal ◽  
Recalcitrant Organic Matter ◽  
Acidic Wastewater

Background: Wet coffee processing consists of the removal of the pulp and mucilage of the coffee cherry. This process generates a large amount of acidic wastewater which is very aggressive to the environment because of its high content of recalcitrant organic matter. Therefore, treatment is necessary before discharge to water bodies. Because of this reason, this study aimed to evaluate the organic matter removal efficiency in an Anaerobic Baffled Bioreactor (ABR) coupled to a Microfiltration Membrane (MF) system as a new eco-friendly option in the treatment of wet Coffee Processing Wastewater (CPWW). Methods: Two systems (S1 and S2) were evaluated at Hydraulic Retention Times (HRT) of 59 h and 83 h, respectively. Both systems were operated at mesophilic conditions, at a Transmembrane Pressure (TMP) of 50 kPa during 1800 h. Results: The S2 generated higher organic matter removal efficiency, reaching removal values of turbidity of 98.7%, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of 81%, Total Solids (TS) of 72.6%, Total Suspended Solids (TSS) of 100%, and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) of 61%, compared with the S1. Conclusion: The S2 represents a new eco-friendly alternative to treat CPWW and reduce its pollutant effect.

scholarly journals Statistical Study on Physicochemical Characteristics of Groundwater in and around Namakkal, Tamilnadu, India

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 909-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Karunakaran ◽  
P. Thamilarasu ◽  
R. Sharmila
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Statistical Study ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
The Town

Groundwater samples collected at different locations in and around Namakkal were analyzed for their physicochemical characteristics. Ten locations of groundwater samples were collected and studied for every two month for the period June-2007 to December-2007. The present investigation is focused on the determination of physicochemical parameters such as temperature, taste, turbidity, electrical conductivity, pH, hardness, total solids, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, chlorides, sulphate, nitrate, fluorides, dissolved oxygen, sodium, potassium andE.colibacterium. Groundwater suitability for domestic and irrigation purposes was examined by using WHO and BIS standards, which indicate the groundwater in a few areas, were not much suitable for domestic and agriculture purposes. Thus the objective of this study is to identify the quality of groundwater especially in the town and near by town where groundwater is used for domestic and agriculture purposes is discussed.

Reduction of Solids in Leachate Streams by Membrane Bioreactors: Mass Transfer Topics and Fouling Problems

2008 ◽  
Vol 273-276 ◽  
pp. 770-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Castelo-Grande ◽  
Paulo A. Augusto ◽  
P. Monteiro ◽  
Domingos Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Process Optimization ◽  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Membrane Bioreactors ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Preliminary Results

In this work the use of Membrane Bioreactors to treat leachate effluents is discussed. The problem of membrane fouling is addressed, and some of the efforts being done to overcome this problem presented. The process optimization requires the reduction of other parameters, some directly related to mass transfer, such as the total amount of solids, the total dissolved solids and the total suspended solids. The preliminary results obtained show the high potential of this technique for the treatment of leachates, mainly for the reduction of solids in leachate streams.

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