Small wastewater treatment plants in Flanders (Belgium): standard approach and experiences with constructed reed beds

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Vandaele ◽  
C. Thoeye ◽  
B. Van Eygen ◽  
G. De Gueldre
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Reed Beds ◽  
Reed Bed

In Flanders (Belgium) an estimated 15% of the population will never be connected to a central wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Small WWTPs can be a valuable option. Aquafin bases the decision to build SWWTPs on a drainage area study. To realise an accelerated construction the process choice is made accordingly to a standard matrix, which represents the different technologies in function of the size and the effluent consents. A pilot scale constructed two-stage reed bed is used to optimise the concept of the reed beds. The concept consists of a primary clarifier, two parallel vertical flow reed beds followed by a sub-surface flow reed bed. The removal efficiency of organic pollutants is high (COD: 89%, BOD: 98%). Phosphorus removal is high at the start-up but diminishes throughout the testing period (from 100% to 71% retention after 7 months). Nitrogen removal amounts to 53% on average. Nitrification is complete in summer. Denitrification appears to be the limiting factor. In autumn leakage of nitrogen is assumed. Removal efficiency of pathogens amounts to almost 99%. Clogging forms a substantial constraint of the vertical flow reed bed. Problems appear to be related with presettlement, feed interval and geotextile.

Enhancing nitrogen removal efficiency in a dyestuff wastewater treatment plant with the IFFAS process: the pilot-scale and full-scale studies

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanjun Mao ◽  
Xie Quan ◽  
Huimin Zhao ◽  
Yaobin Zhang ◽  
Shuo Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Nitrification And Denitrification ◽  
Dyestuff Wastewater

Abstract The activated sludge (AS) process is widely applied in dyestuff wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs); however, the nitrogen removal efficiency is relatively low and the effluent does not meet the indirect discharge standards before being discharged into the industrial park's WWTP. Hence it is necessary to upgrade the WWTP with more advanced technologies. Moving bed biofilm processes with suspended carriers in an aerobic tank are promising methods due to enhanced nitrification and denitrification. Herein, a pilot-scale integrated free-floating biofilm and activated sludge (IFFAS) process was employed to investigate the feasibility of enhancing nitrogen removal efficiency at different hydraulic retention times (HRTs). The results showed that the effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonium nitrate (NH4+-N) and total nitrogen (TN) concentrations of the IFFAS process were significantly lower than those of the AS process, and could meet the indirect discharge standards. PCR-DGGE and FISH results indicated that more nitrifiers and denitrifiers co-existed in the IFFAS system, promoting simultaneous nitrification and denitrification. Based on the pilot results, the IFFAS process was used to upgrade the full-scale AS process, and the effluent COD, NH4+-N and TN of the IFFAS process were 91–291 mg/L, 10.6–28.7 mg/L and 18.9–48.6 mg/L, stably meeting the indirect discharge standards and demonstrating the advantages of IFFAS in dyestuff wastewater treatment.

scholarly journals Effect of Tank Shape on Performance of Aeration Tank in Sewage Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 475-480
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Settling Tank ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Aeration Tank ◽  
Effective Parameters ◽  
Operation Costs ◽  
Different Depths

This Study Was Made To Study The Use Of Circular Aeration Tanks Instead Of Rectangular One In Wastewater Treatment Plants. The Study Covered The Effect Of Tank Geometric Shape On Action Stability, Effective Parameters Homogeneity And Treatment Efficiency Inside The Aeration Tank And Its Reflection On The Final Sedimentation Tank Performance. A Pilot Scale Was Erected In Balaqs Wastewater Treatment Plant Pilot Consists From Two Lines One Circular Aeration Tank Followed By Final Settling Tank And Second Rectangular Aeration Tank Followed By Final Settling Tank For Comparison Purpose Under The Same Conditions. The Samples Were Taken Continuously For 5 Weeks From The Inlet, Outlet For (Bod, & Tss) To Measure The Aeration Removal Efficiency. Also Measurements Inside Both Types Of Aeration Tanks To Determine The Parameters Of Temperature & Do Distribution And Stability In Different Depths And Sides Of Tank. Also The Consumed Power Had Been Measured. The Results Shows That The Circular Aeration Tank Achieved Better Stability Inside The Tank With Minimal Variation In Both Of Do And Temperature That Varied Widely In The Rectangular Tank Between Different Depths And Also Longitudinally And In Cross Section Directions That Affects Mainly On The Tank Efficiency And The Consumed Power Needed For Surface Aerators Operation. The Circular Safe About 50% Of The Consumed Power That Also Safe In The Construction And Operation Costs For Such Treatment.

Dražovice reed beds and stabilisation pond wastewater treatment system: long-term operation and monitoring results

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rozkošný ◽  
P. Sedláček ◽  
J. Sova ◽  
R. Funková
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Reed Beds ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Mass Load

The aim of the paper is to present results of the ten years long monitoring of the treatment processes, efficiency and operation of a wastewater treatment plant combined mechanical pre-treatment, horizontal sub-surface flow reed beds and stabilisation pond as a final purification equipment. The treatment system was built in the Dražovice village (the Czech Republic, South Moravia Region) for 800 population equivalent (P.E.) in 1999. The constructed wetlands with horizontal sub-surface continual flow reed beds, as a main biological step of wastewater treatment, has been built and operated in the Czech Republic since 1990. In case of sources over 500 P.E., there is the legislative requirement for ammonia nitrogen sufficient removal in the Czech Republic. The monitored system represents a category of sources between 500 and 2000 P.E. with the higher treatment efficiency requirements. The plant has been monitored in detail since the start of operation in 1999. A detailed monitoring programme includes: wastewater flow measurement, water temperature and oxygen regime measurement, organic and nutrient pollution removal rate assessment, hydraulic characteristics of the reed bedś filtration medium. Results of the survey include treatment efficiency calculation, hydraulic and mass load assessment. The differences in the achieved efficiency are compared between vegetation and non-vegetation periods.

Description and test of a new generation of nutrient sensors

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lynggaard-Jensen ◽  
N. H. Eisum ◽  
I. Rasmussen ◽  
H. Svankjær Jacobsen ◽  
T. Stenstrøm
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Waste Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Aeration Tank

Sensor prototypes for measurement of ammonium, nitrate and phosphate in wastewater treatment plants are described together with the results obtained in laboratory and pilot scale wastewater treatment plants. A functional description of the sensor principles is presented together with the installation and operation procedures. Basically the measurements are done using membrane technology in combination with semi-micro Continuous Flow Analysis (μCFA) with classic colorimetry. Because of this the sensors can be installed directly in the aeration tanks without any need for sampling, filtration, etc. Furthermore, the semi-micro scale is used in such a way, that handling of chemicals and waste is a closed loop in a package to be changed once a month. The sensors have been tested thoroughly in a pilot scale waste water treatment plant (recirculation) using real raw wastewater as well as artificial wastewater. The sensors have been placed directly in the aeration tank or in the anoxic tank of the pilot plant. The tests show very little, if any, fouling problems due to the membrane material used. The test results show a good reproducibility and most important, compared to other available sensors/analyzers on the market, very low response times, less than 5 minutes. Owing to these low response times, experiments with direct measurement of nitrification and denitrification rates were carried out.

Nitrogen removal in multi-stage wastewater treatment plants by using a modified post-denitrification system

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 151-158
Author(s):  
Dieter Schreff ◽  
Peter A. Wilderer
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Stage System ◽  
Set Up

Systems in which denitrification follows nitrification (post-denitrification) copy the natural sequence of nitrogen removal. The disadvantage of post-denitrification, however, is that an external carbon source must be added to the denitrification reactor. In the concept discussed in this paper, excess sludge from a high loaded activated sludge plant is used as carbon source and as source of denitrifiers in a three-stage system. The sludge is fed into a anoxic reactor placed in between the nitrification reactor (e.g., trickling filter) and the final clarifier. Two different operation methods were investigated at a pilot-scale system set up at the Ingolstadt wastewater treatment plant. Low nitrate effluent values were obtained at high sludge feeding rates, but at the expense of a significant increase in turbidity and NH4-N effluent concentrations. This problem could be solved by a reduction of the sludge feeding rate and by applying intermittent feeling. The effluent turbidity was kept at an acceptable level, but denitrification was relatively slow in progress. To achieve both low effluent turbidity and low nitrate discharge, a combination of pre- and post-denitrification is recommended.

Enhanced denitrification with methanol at WWTP Zürich-Werdhölzli

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 117-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Purtschert ◽  
H. Siegrist ◽  
W. Gujer
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Yield Coefficient ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment

In coordination with the EU-guidelines the large wastewater treatment plants in Switzerland have to be extended with enhanced nitrogen removal. Due to the existing plant configuration, the low COD/N ratio and dilute wastewater, denitrification supported by an external carbon source instead of extending the plant may be an interesting and cost effective solution for municipal wastewater treatment. At the wastewater treatment plant Zürich-Werdhölzli different experiments were performed with methanol addition to predenitrification from March to July 1994. The aim of this work was to evaluate the use of methanol as an alternative to plant extension to achieve a higher nitrogen removal efficiency. Therefore, two parallel denitrifying lanes were investigated, one served for methanol addition experiments and the other as a control. The effect of oxygen input into the anoxic zone due to influent, return sludge and mixing was investigated, too. The results show that nitrogen removal efficiency can be substantially increased as compared to the reference lane. The adaptation period for methanol degradation was only a few days and the process was relatively stable. Based on total nitrogen in the inflow, the average denitrification was 55% with methanol addition and 35% without methanol. The yield coefficient YCOD was 0.4 g CODX g−1 CODMe. Due to the small net growth rate of the methanol degraders the denitrification capacity is relatively low and nitrate peak loads cannot be fully denitrified. Hence, methanol as a carbon source requires more or less constant dosing. To prevent nitrate limitation, methanol addition should be controlled by the anoxic nitrate concentrations.

scholarly journals Technology for Upgrading the Tailwater of Municipal Sewage Treatment Plants: The Efficacy and Mechanism of Microbial Coupling for Nitrogen and Carbon Removal

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 2850
Author(s):  
Yinan Zhang ◽  
Shihuan Lu ◽  
Yuxin Fang ◽  
Kexin Yang ◽  
Jiafeng Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Carbon Removal

The efficient removal of carbon (COD) and nitrogen (NH3-N) is vital to improving tailwater from municipal wastewater treatment plants. In this study, denitrification and decarburization bacteria with stable removal efficiencies were introduced into a membrane bioreactor (MBR) for 45 days of field experiments in a QJ Wastewater Treatment Plant (Hangzhou, China) to enhance carbon and nitrogen removal. After adding the decarbonization microorganisms into the denitrification reactor, COD removal increased from 31.2% to 80.2%, while compared to the same MBR with only denitrification microorganisms, the removal efficiency of NH3-N was greatly increased from 76.8% to 98.6%. The results of microbial analysis showed that the cooccurrence of Proteobacteria and Bacillus with high abundance and diverse bacteria, such as Chloroflexi, with autotrophic decarburization functions might account for the synchronous high removal efficiency for NH3-N and COD. This technology could provide a reference for industrial-scale wastewater treatment with the goal of simultaneous nitrogen and carbon removal.

scholarly journals MEJORAMIENTO DE LA CALIDAD MICROBIOLÓGICA DE BIOSÓLIDOS GENERADOS EN PLANTAS DE TRATAMIENTO DE AGUAS RESIDUALES DOMÉSTICAS (MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY IMPROVEMENT OF BIOSOLIDS FROM DOMESTIC WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS)

Revista EIA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Patricia Torres ◽  
Carlos Madera ◽  
Jorge Silva
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Domestic Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Class B

Uno de los principales problemas de calidad que presentan los biosólidos de plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales domésticas –PTAR– es el contenido de microorganismos patógenos que los clasifica en muchos casos como Clase B con restricción para uso agrícola. Este estudio evaluó la estabilización alcalina de los biosólidos de la PTAR Cañaveralejo (Cali, Colombia) para mejorar su calidad microbiológica, empleando dos tipos de cal (hidratada y viva) en dosis entre 8 y 25 % y dos tipos de ceniza con dosis entre 8 y 40 % en unidades experimentales de 0,2 m2 con un tiempo de contacto de 13 días. Los resultados mostraron que con cal se logró reducción total de las variables de respuesta evaluadas (coliformes fecales, Salmonella sp y huevos de helmintos), mientras que el poder alcalinizante de las cenizas evaluadas fue insuficiente. El biosólido higienizado con cal presenta alto potencial de uso agrícola por su calidad microbiológica y por el contenido final de materia orgánica y nutrientes (N, P) que pueden beneficiar los suelos, pero es recomendable evaluar la optimización a escala piloto de la dosificación de cal y la aplicación del biosólido en diferentes tipos de suelos y cultivos para precisar los beneficios o medidas preventivas antes de la aplicación.Abstract: One of the main quality problems of biosolids from domestic wastewater treatment plants –WWTP– is the high concentration of pathogens, often classified as a class B, with restriction for use in agriculture. This study evaluated the alkali stabilization of biosolids from Cañaveralejo wastewater treatment plant (PTAR-C), located in Cali, Colombia, in order to improve their microbiological quality using two types of lime (quick and hydrated) with doses between 8 to 25 % and two types of ash with 8 to 40 % as doses, in experimental units 0,2 m2with 13 days of contact time. The results showed that both type of lime reached the total reduction of evaluated monitoring variables (faecal coliforms, Salmonella sp, helmints eggs) while the alkali power of ashes were lower. The obtained biosolids treated with lime have a high potential use in agriculture purposes for the good microbiological quality, and for the organic matter and nutrient content (N, P) that can generate benefit to the soil, but it is recommendable to evaluate at pilot scale the lime doses and application of biosolid in different soils types and crops in order to precise the benefits or prevent measurements before application of material in soil.

scholarly journals Community Composition and Abundance of Protozoa Under Different Concentration Of Nitrogen Compounds at “Hajdow” Wastewater Treatment Plant / Zbiorowiska Pierwotniaków I Ich Liczebność W Oczyszczalni Ścieków „Hajdów” Przy Różnych Stężeniach Związków Azotu

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Jaromin-Gleń ◽  
Roman Babko ◽  
Grzegorz Łagód ◽  
Henryk Sobczuk
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Reduction Efficiency ◽  
Research Period

Abstract The protists notably ciliates and testate amoebas in the conditions of modernized wastewater treatment plants “Hajdow” (Lublin, Poland) and the nitrogen removal efficiency were studied. Sampling took place every week during the period of August-September 2010. The total of 31 taxa of ciliates and 3 taxa of testate amoebas were identified. Most of the species were registered during the whole research period. Significant abundance reached the following species: Acineria uncinata, Aspidisca cicada, Aspidisca lynceus, Vorticella aquadulcis, Vorticella infusionum, Arcella vulgaris, Euglypha acanthophora and Pyxidicula operculata. In September increase in efficiency of nitrogen removal process was registered. The research shows that the increase of nitrogen reduction efficiency was accompanied by increase of ciliates quantity, mainly due to peritrichid ciliates.

Processes in vertical-flow reed beds: nitrification, oxygen transfer and soil clogging

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kayser ◽  
S. Kunst
Keyword(s):  
Soil Column ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Reed Beds ◽  
Aerobic Conditions ◽  
Intermittent Feeding ◽  
Hydraulic Behaviour ◽  
Soil Clogging ◽  
Reed Bed

Vertical-flow reed beds (VF) with intermittent feeding are extremely reliable regarding aerobic processes. For a save operation with high nitrification rates and without soil clogging it is essential to preserve aerobic conditions in the filter. The challenge is to keep aerobic conditions in the filter without oversizing the system (economical aspects). It is very difficult to determine the current oxygen content in the filters because it ultimately results from complex interactions of a large number of different influencing parameters such as loading rate, degree of clogging, temperature, and hydraulic behaviour of the reed bed. To gain better knowledge of this complex system, different tests and examinations were carried out over several years. Focusing on the questions of identification and the description of conversion and transport processes (water/gas), a full-scale treatment plant under clogged and non-clogged conditions was investigated in detail. Additionally soil column test were carried out. The results make it possible to describe some of the processes and their interactions in the filter body. Recommendations for a safe and controlled operation can be derived.

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