Soluble microbial product formation during biological treatment of fermentation industry effluent

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 111-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Goorany ◽  
I. Oztürk
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Product Formation ◽  
Microbial Product ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Industry Effluent ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Raw Wastewater

The most important factor that affects the quality of effluents and overall organic matter removal in biological treatment processes is the presence of soluble microbial products (SMP) that are produced during biological treatment and remain in effluent. High strength wastewater from fermentation industry (FIE) was used as a slowly degradable substrate to investigate SMP formation in aerobic and anaerobic treatment. For SMP determination which forms a major part of residual soluble COD of the wastewater, the initial inert soluble COD (SI) was determined. It was found that SI/So is 0.122 and 0.164 for aerobic and anaerobic processes, respectively. During aerobic treatment of FIE for initialCOD (So) values varying between 1540–6645 mg COD/L, SMP are expected to vary within the range of 12.5–8.6% of So, respectively. In anaerobic treatment of the FIE, for values of 2670–6585 mg COD/L, SMP are expected to vary within the range of 9.8–6.2% of So, respectively. Molecular weight distribution analyses of raw wastewater, aerobic and anaerobic treatment effluent indicate that in both systems the effluent of FIE presents similar molecular weight fractions and are very high compared to raw wastewater.

Anaerobic Treatment of High Strength Acidic Organic Wastewaters Utilizing the Upflow Sludge Blanket Treatment Process

1985 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Trudell ◽  
L. van den Berg ◽  
N. Kosaric
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Effluent Recirculation ◽  
Effluent Waste ◽  
Raw Wastewater

Abstract A laboratory bench-scale study was undertaken in order to investigate the anaerobic biological treatment of high-strength acidic organic wastewaters utilizing the Upflow Sludge Blanket (USB) treatment process. A synthetic wastewater was utilized having a pH of 4.2 and consisting primarily of acetic and propionic acids. While operating at substrate loading rates of 1.1 and 2.4 kg COD/kg VSS/d (i.e., 10 and 30 kg COD/m3/d, respectively), the USB treatment process removed in excess of 90 per cent of the total COD present in the raw wastewater, for waste strengths of 2 to 32g COD/L and hydraulic retention times varying between 3.2 and 76.8 hours. The process demonstrated the ability to polish the effluent waste stream to effluent COD concentrations of less than 300 mg/L. The process was able to tolerate hydraulic and waste strength shockloads. No observable deterioration in pH or effluent quality was identified following sudden increases in wastewater concentration (e.g., 4 to 32g COD/L) or decreases in hydraulic retention time (e.g., 25.6 to 3.2 hours). The use of effluent recirculation did not influence treatment efficiency but was necessary in order to partially neutralize the influent low pH wastewater. The results of this research also demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing the USB reactor as the methane forming reactor in a two-stage anaerobic wastewater treatment system. Recommendations are provided concerning the design of such a system.

Biotransformation of nitrocellulose under methanogenic conditions

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 327-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Freedman ◽  
Bryan M. Caenepeel ◽  
Byung J. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Anaerobic Biodegradation ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Acid Digestion ◽  
Energetic Compounds ◽  
Nitrate Ester ◽  
Digestion Technique ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Treatment of wastewater containing nitrocellulose (NC) fines is a significant hazardous waste problem currently facing manufacturers of energetic compounds. Previous studies have ruled out the use of biological treatment, since NC has appeared to be resistant to aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation. The objective of this study was to examine NC biotransformation in a mixed methanogenic enrichment culture. A modified cold-acid digestion technique was used to measure the percentage of oxidized nitrogen (N) remaining on the NC. After 11 days of incubation in cultures amended with NC (10 g/L) and methanol (9.9 mM), the % N (w/w) on the NC decreased from 13.3% to 10.1%. The presence of NC also caused a 16% reduction in methane output. Assuming the nitrate ester on NC was reduced to N2, the decrease in CH4 represented almost exactly the amount of reducing equivalents needed for the observed decrease in oxidized N. An increase in the heat of combustion of the transformed NC correlated with the decrease in % N. There was no statistically significant decrease in % N when only NC was added to the culture, or in controls that contained only the sulfide-reduced basal medium. The biotransformed NC has a % N comparable to nonexplosive nitrated celluloses, suggesting that anaerobic treatment may be a technically feasible process for rendering NC nonhazardous.

scholarly journals Biodegradation of low molecular weight polyacrylamide under aerobic and anaerobic conditions: effect of the molecular weight

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenzhe Song ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Amir Hossein Hamidian ◽  
Min Yang
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Amino Groups ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Weight One ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Abstract The biodegradation of polyacrylamide (PAM) includes the hydrolysis of amino groups and cleavage of the carbon chain; however, the effect of molecular weight on the biodegradation needs further investigations. In this study, biodegradation of low molecular weight PAM (1.6 × 106 Da) was evaluated in two aerobic (25 °C and 40 °C) and two anaerobic (35 °C and 55 °C) reactors over 100 days. The removal of the low molecular weight PAM (52.0–52.6%) through the hydrolysis of amino groups by anaerobic treatment (35 °C and 55 °C) was much higher than that of the high molecular weight (2.2 × 107 Da, 11.2–17.0%) observed under the same conditions. The molecular weight was reduced from 1.6 × 106 to 6.45–7.42 × 105 Da for the low molecular weight PAM, while the high molecular weight PAM declined from 2.2 × 107 to 3.76–5.87 × 106 Da. The results showed that the amino hydrolysis of low molecular weight PAM is easier than that of the high molecular weight one, while the cleavage of its carbon chain is still difficult. The molecular weights of PAM in the effluents from the two aerobic reactors (25 °C and 40 °C) were further reduced to 4.31 × 105 and 5.68 × 105 Da by the biofilm treatment, respectively. The results would be useful for the management of wastewater containing PAM.

Anaerobic and Aerobic Treatment for AOX Removal

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 149-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Reductive Dehalogenation ◽  
Aerobic Treatment ◽  
Abiotic Degradation ◽  
In Series ◽  
Kraft Mill ◽  
Significant Chemical ◽  
Aox Removal ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

A two-year study has focused on AOX removal from bleaching wastewaters in anaerobic and aerobic biological treatment, using bench scale bioreactors operated in parallel and in series. Significantly higher removals have been found in anaerobic than in aerobic treatment. Earlier work with dilute kraft bleaching wastes has been extended in additional laboratory tests and at a nearby kraft mill. 50-75% fractions of bleaching wastes were treated. Toxicity in the anaerobic process was encountered at 85% bleach waste fractions. Total AOX removal experienced in aerobic treatment is 30-35%, in anaerobic treatment 40-45%, and in an anaerobic/aerobic sequence 50-55%. Percentage removals were not sensitive to the fraction of bleaching wastewater. Several process modifications were attempted to try to obtain higher removals with only marginal success. Studies at a kraft mill confirmed the AOX removals that had been found in lab studies. AOX removal occurs by several mechanisms. There is a very significant chemical or abiotic degradation that occurs after neutralization, perhaps enhanced by reductants or other inorganic salts. Biological processes are much more significant in anaerobic than in aerobic treatment. Anaerobic reductive dehalogenation affects specific chlorinated compounds and catalyzed AOX degradation is facilitated by reduced coenzymes that are produced by bacteria. Removal by sorption or insolubilization is relatively minor in aerobic and anaerobic processes.

Evaluation of the aerobic and anaerobic biodegradability of the antibiotic norfloxacin

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucilaine Valéria de Souza Santos ◽  
Danusa Campos Teixeira ◽  
Raquel Sampaio Jacob ◽  
Míriam Cristina Santos do Amaral ◽  
Liséte Celina Lange
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Pharmaceutical Compounds ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Anaerobic Biodegradability ◽  
Aliivibrio Fischeri ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

The purpose of studying the biodegradability of pharmaceutical compounds is to evaluate their behaviors in relation to the treatment processes generally used in domestic and industrial wastewater treatment plants. The antibiotic norfloxacin was found to be a recalcitrant compound. The studies conducted showed norfloxacin removal rates of 12% and 18% when biomasses from treatments with activated sludge and anaerobic biodigesters, respectively, were used without acclimatization. This suggests that anaerobic digestion shows better performance for norfloxacin removal. Ecotoxicological tests, using the luminescent marine bacteria Aliivibrio fischeri as the test organism, show that anaerobic digestion could eliminate the toxicity of the antibiotic norfloxacin, even though total degradation of the drug was not observed. The release of norfloxacin during cell lysis suggests the importance of controlling this phenomenon in biological treatment systems that handle wastewater contaminated with norfloxacin, thus preventing the return of this drug to the environment.

A Critical Evaluation of Microbial Product Formation in Biological Processes

1987 ◽  
Vol 19 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 517-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Rittmann ◽  
W. Bae ◽  
E. Namkung ◽  
C.-J. Lu
Keyword(s):  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Product Formation ◽  
Substrate Utilization ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Monod Kinetics ◽  
Degradation Model ◽  
Microbial Product ◽  
Semi Empirical

A critical evaluation of the characteristics of soluble microbial products (SMP) indicates that SMP is comprised of many different types and sizes of molecules and is biodegradable. A portion of SMP is formed at a rate proportional to the rate of substrate utilization (UAP), while the rest is formed at a rate proportional to the concentration of active biomass (BAP). These characteristics are incorporated into a mathematical model that includes the following components: substrate utilization and biomass growth according to Monod kinetics, SMP formation kinetics in proportion to substrate utilization rate and to biomass accumulation, and SMP degradation according to a semi-empirical multi-component degradation model. The SMP formation/degradation model successfully describes the fractional conversion of substrate into SMP, including the observed trends of increasing conversion at high and low sludge ages. In addition to activated sludge, the model is applied to anaerobic treatment and to biofilm processes.

Denitrification of Landfill Leachate by the Modified Rotating Biological Contactor (RBC)

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (7-9) ◽  
pp. 1477-1485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaaki Hosomi ◽  
Inamori Yuhei ◽  
Kazuo Matsushige ◽  
Ryuichi Sudo
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Combination Method ◽  
Surface Loading ◽  
Rotating Biological Contactor ◽  
Volumetric Loading ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

In order to remove high-strength nitrogen and organics in landfill leachate simultaneously, the modified RBC which was combined with the standard RBC and the anaerobic biofilter was proposed. The treatability for actual landfill leachate of the standard RBC and the modified RBC was evaluated. The capability of COD removal in the modified RBC is much greater than that in the standard RBC, although both RBCs showed a BOD removal rate of more than 95%. This suggested that the combination method of aerobic and anaerobic treatment was effective in reducing refractory organic compounds. The nitrogen removal in the modified RBC was about 90% compared to 50% in Che standard RBC. The modified RBC had the advantage of nitrogen removal because nitrification and denitrification proceeded efficiently, even if a carbon source was not added. The performance of the modified RBC was superior to that of the standard RBC in both BOD surface loading and BOD volumetric loading.

Aerobic and anaerobic treatment of high-strength hazardous liquid wastes

1988 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.S. Venkataramani ◽  
R.C. Ahlert ◽  
P. Corbo
Keyword(s):  
High Strength ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Liquid Wastes ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

scholarly journals The inhibition effect of ozonation in textile wastewater

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serden Basak ◽  
Dilek Ozgun
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Advanced Treatment ◽  
Biological Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Inhibition Effect ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Ozonation Time ◽  
Industry Effluent

<p>The textile industry effluent includes toxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic compounds. Color containing substances are one of the most important effluents among these compounds. These substances should be treated and for the treatment of these substances, biological wastewater treatment processes are frequently preferred. However, biological wastewater treatment processes might not be adequate, therefore, advanced treatment processes could be applied for textile effluent to meet the discharge limits. One of the often-used advanced treatment processes is ozonation. Ozone is a disinfectant and a powerful oxidant  The aim of this study is to show the effects, which include decolorization and inhibition effects, of ozonation on real textile wastewater after anaerobic treatment. For evaluating of ozonation efficiency DOC, alkalinity, pH, ORP and color were measured. The change of color was measured at 436 nm, 525 nm and 620 nm wavelengths. In conclusion, with 10 minutes of ozone contact time, color and DOC are removed by 80% and 65%, respectively. The inhibition tests indicate that the effluents should be considered slightly toxic with 10 min ozonation time.</p><p> Keywords: ozonation, textile wastewater, decolorization, inhibition effect.</p>

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