Distributed optimal technology networks: a concept and strategy for potable water sustainability

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 241-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.J. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Potable Water ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Advanced Treatment ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Satellite Systems ◽  
Control Technologies ◽  
And Control

Viable strategies for ensuring adequate supplies of potable water are essential to long-term societal sustainability. The steadily increasing necessity for multiple reuse of water in urban societies is even now taxing our technical and financial abilities to meet ongoing needs for water suitable for human consumption. As a consequence, the current practice of treating the entire water demands of urban communities to the increasingly stringent standards required for drinking water is becoming an unsustainable practice, and thus a questionable strategy for planning and development of urban water systems. An innovative technology-based concept for implementation of a more sustainable strategy and practice for potable water is developed here. The concept is predicated on the inherent advantages of flexibility and responsiveness associated with decentralization of complex functions and operations. Specifically, it calls for strategic dispersal of flexible advanced treatment and control technologies throughout urban water transport and storage networks. This is in direct contradistinction to current strategies and practices of centralized and inflexible monolithic facilities. By integrating use-related satellite systems with critical components of existing systems and infrastructures, the concept can enable and facilitate optimal cost-effective applications of highly sophisticated advanced treatment and on-line monitoring and control technologies to in-place infrastructures in a holistic and sustainable manner.

Optimal uses of advanced technologies for water and wastewater treatment in urban environments

2004 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.J. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Satellite Systems ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
Critical Components ◽  
Control Technologies ◽  
Recycle And Reuse

Steadily increasing requirements for recycle and reuse of water in urban societies present global challenges to our abilities to meet ongoing needs for water suitable for human consumption. Current practices of subjecting the total water demands of urban communities to the levels of treatment required for drinking water are not sustainable indefinitely, and viable alternative strategies for ensuring adequate supplies of potable water are essential. Given the inherent advantages of flexibility and responsiveness associated with decentralization of complex functions and operations, one logical alternative might be the strategic dispersal of flexible advanced treatment and control technologies throughout urban water transport and storage networks. Integration of multiple satellite systems of this type with the critical components of existing systems and infrastructures in densely populated urban environments would facilitate optimal cost-effective applications of highly sophisticated advanced technologies. It would, moreover, do so entirely within the context of water and waste treatment and distribution/collection systems and infrastructures already in place in most densely populated urban regions. Finally, it would provide markedly enhanced “personal water” quality and significant potential for energy recovery.

scholarly journals BACnet Application Layer over Bluetooth—Implementation and Validation

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 538
Author(s):  
Nicoleta Cristina Gaitan ◽  
Ioan Ungurean
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Building Automation ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Application Layer ◽  
Smart Building ◽  
Automation And Control ◽  
Control Technologies ◽  
Building Control System ◽  
And Control

The development of the smart building concept and building automation field is based on the exponential evolution of monitoring and control technologies. Residents of the smart building must interact with the monitoring and control system. A widely used method is specific applications executed on smartphones, tablets, and PCs with Bluetooth connection to the building control system. At this time, smartphones are increasingly used in everyday life for payments, reading newspapers, monitoring activity, and interacting with smart homes. The devices used to build the control system are interconnected through a specific network, one of the most widespread being the Building Automation and Control Network (BACnet) network. Here, we propose the use of the BACnet Application Layer over Bluetooth. We present a proposal of a concept and a practical implementation that can be used to test and validate the operation of the BACnet Application Layer over Bluetooth.

Approach to Nav Aids System on Islands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalil Ibrahim Alblooshi ◽  
Kamaljit Singh ◽  
Raju Paul ◽  
Faris Ragheb Kamal
Keyword(s):  
International Association ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Effective Solution ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Monitoring And Control System ◽  
Navigational Aids ◽  
Maintenance Requirements ◽  
And Control

Abstract Offshore business is gradually moving from traditional Well Head Platforms to the concept of Artificial Drill Islands and use of renewable energy sources. Navigational Aids design for artificial drilling islands has unique challenges due to vast periphery. This paper highlights all such challenges along with recommendations for a reliable and cost effective solution. Clients as well as FEED/EPC Contractors can benefit from the experience shared in this paper. The trend over the last decade has been to develop Navigation Aids that minimize maintenance requirements whilst maintaining stable and satisfactory performance. Although, Navigation Aids are automated there is still a need for regular visual inspections as there is always the risk of vandalism, ship impact or damage during significant storm events. Navigational Aids System shall be in strict compliance with International Association of Lighthouse Authorities (IALA) Guidelines. In addition to usual Visual & Audible Navigations Aids, artificial islands require break water lanterns (both red & green type). Also, number of Navigational Aids is much more than those required for a typical offshore platform. Requirement of interfaces with remote ends need to be clearly defined as these have impact on the design and ultimate cost. GSM monitoring and control system, GPS synchronization & AIS remote monitoring shall be considered. Cabling over the Island periphery is neither reliable nor cost effective solution. Standalone solar power based Navigational Aids Skids with all control and monitoring facilities can be more suitable solution. Considering that Island Contractor provides few Navigational Aids before the mobilization of EPC Contractor, it is essential to coordinate the Navigational Aids design aspects to ensure synergy in terms of compatibility.

scholarly journals A Cost-Effective Embedded Platform for Greenhouse Environment Control and Remote Monitoring

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radu L. Sumalan ◽  
Nicoleta Stroia ◽  
Daniel Moga ◽  
Vlad Muresan ◽  
Alexandru Lodin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Monitoring ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Control Network ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Embedded Platform ◽  
Environment Control ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
And Control

This paper presents the development of a cost-effective automatic system for greenhouse environment control. The architectural and functional features were analyzed in the context of the realization of a controlled-environment agricultural system through all its stages: installation, deployment of the software, integration, maintenance, crop control strategy setup and daily operation of the grower. The proposed embedded platform provides remote monitoring and control of the greenhouse environment and is implemented as a distributed sensing and control network integrating wired and wireless nodes. All nodes were built with low-cost, low-power microcontrollers. The key issues that were addressed include the energy-efficient control, the robustness of the distributed control network to faults and a low-cost hardware implementation. The translation of the supervisory growth-planning information to the operational (control network) level is achieved through a specific architecture residing on a crop planning module (CPM) and an interfacing block (IB). A suite of software applications with flows and interfaces developed from a grower-centric perspective was designed and implemented on a multi-tier architecture. The operation of the platform was validated through implementation of sensing and control nodes, application of software for configuration and visualization, and deployment in typical greenhouses.

THE MARITIME ADMINISTRATION PROGRAM FOR THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF OIL POLLUTION FROM VESSELS

1975 ◽  
Vol 1975 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
George C. Steinman ◽  
ChappelWalter B.
Keyword(s):  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Pollution Abatement ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Monitoring And Control Systems ◽  
Oily Water ◽  
Discharge Monitoring ◽  
Oily Waste ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT This paper provides an overview of the Maritime Administration (MarAd) program to abate and control oil pollution from ships. The main thrust of the program is in the prevention of oil pollution through cost effective measures which would maintain the competitive position of the U.S. merchant fleet. The paper discusses such pollution abatement features as oil discharge monitoring and control systems, oily water separators, oily waste slop tanks, collision avoidance radar, and inert gas systems that are required to be installed on vessels that receive government financial assistance in the form of construction differential subsidy. In addition, the paper addresses the environmental and economic impact of the 1973 International Marine Pollution Convention on the Maritime Administration Tanker Construction Program, particularly as it relates to the IMCO segregated ballast requirements, improved Load-on-Top (LOT) procedures, and port reception facilities. Finally, recommendations for future action to abate ship-generated pollution at the national and international levels are provided.

scholarly journals An Effective Water Management Framework Based on Internet of Things (IOT) Technology

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 102-108
Author(s):  
Moses Odiagbe ◽  
Emmanuel Majeyibo Eronu ◽  
Farouq E. Shaibu
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Network ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Rate Sensor ◽  
And Control ◽  
Effective Water

The low cost effective wireless sensor network that The low cost effective wireless sensor network that allows for embedded system to monitor and control virtually any space and environment and to form the so called Internet of Things or Internet of Everything. The research work is intended to address a general problem associated with effective water utilization management, among others is the issue of water leakages, there is the need to effectively detect cases of leakages and address them appropriately. However, the sensitivity of the flow rate sensors used poses a number of challenges, hence the need to setup an appropriate calibration scheme that will allows for the flow rate sensor, effective adoption and usage ,isolating false alarm due to deficiencies associated with operation of the flow rate sensor as well as detecting leakages  . A frame work build around a flow rate sensor, solenoid valve, a microcontroller equipped with internet connectivity and a log in service monitoring and control platform on the cloud is used. Several simulated tests were carried out to explore a number of leakage scenarios. Based on the analysed data obtained overtime, appropriate algorithms were developed to allow for quick detection, remote monitoring and control of deduced cases of leakages. The work has significantly addressed the challenges poses to the effect leakages with the adopted framework.

scholarly journals Profilo terapeutico e farmacoeconomico di linezolid

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-102
Author(s):  
Mario Eandi
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Infection Treatment ◽  
Severe Infections ◽  
Acquisition Costs ◽  
And Control

The incidence of nosocomial infections from Gram-positive pathogens has been increasing in the last two decades, alongside the development of antibiotic resistance in many bacteria. Glycopeptidic drugs are the most widely used options for these patients, but some bacterial strains with low sensibility to vancomycin and teicoplanin are starting to emerge, warranting careful monitoring and control of nosocomial and also community- acquired infections. This paper outlines a clinical, therapeutic and economic profile of linezolid, the first drug of the only new antibiotic class developed in the last thirty years. In clinical trials, linezolid has demonstrated very promising efficacy and safety in the treatment of antibiotic-resistant infections, in particular those caused by methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRSA), obtaining greater or equal clinical and microbiological success rates than the standard options. Linezolid, as most newer drugs, has higher acquisition costs than the alternatives, but also bears interesting features that may modify the formation of infection treatment costs. In particluar, linezolid is very well absorbed after oral administration, allowing the planning of sequential iv/os strategies that have the potential to reduce health care costs and to improve the quality of life of the patients by shortening the length of hospitalization. Economic evaluations have demonstrated that this advantage is not merely theoretical, but that it can be achieved in real practice. In particular, linezolid has been shown to be more cost-effective than teicoplanin and vancomycin in the treatment of hospitalized, MRSA-related nosocomial pneumonia and severe infections.

Scoping the potential of monitoring and control technologies to reduce energy use in homes

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 563-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Meyers ◽  
Eric D. Williams ◽  
H. Scott Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Control Technologies ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Discard ban and balanced harvest: a contradiction?

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 1632-1639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Borges ◽  
Luis Cocas ◽  
Kåre Nolde Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Fishery Management ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Commercial Species ◽  
Management Policies ◽  
Harvest Strategy ◽  
And Control

AbstractDiscard bans have been proposed as part of management policies aimed at balanced harvest (BH). Nationwide discard bans exist in several countries, including Chile, the European Union, Norway, and New Zealand. We analysed experiences from these countries to determine whether or not discard bans are in contradiction with BH, based on six aspects: policy objectives, species/sizes applicability, accompanying technical measures, at-sea monitoring and control, and possible impacts. When discard bans are fully implemented, fishing operations change to more selective fishing, typically targeting bigger individuals of main commercial species. This is consistent with the primary objective of many discard policies, i.e. to reduce unwanted catch. In contrast, proponents of BH argue that broader catch diversity, a product of a widespread harvest strategy, should be sought to avoid major impacts on the ecosystem. Our analysis demonstrates that the scope of discard bans is often limited to main commercial species, although usually they can be extended to include more ecosystem components. Some of the policies examined also prohibit the use of unwanted catches for human consumption, thus limiting their effective use. However, the implementation of discard bans requires high levels of at-sea monitoring and effective control, and/or strong incentives to fish more selectively, neither of which applied in most cases examined. We conclude that if discard bans were set differently, they could contribute to fishery management policies aiming at BH. Their goals should be in line with BH, i.e. to reach a wider global harvest pattern, or at least be established within management regimes that promote high compliance. Finally, the extent to which a discard ban contributes to achieve BH depends also on the relative importance of the ecosystem benthic and megafauna components.

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