Biotechnology of intensive aerobic conversion of sewage sludge and food waste into fertilizer

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 147-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-Y. Wang ◽  
O. Stabnikova ◽  
S.T.-L. Tay ◽  
V. Ivanov ◽  
J.-H. Tay
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Bacterial Culture ◽  
Food Wastes ◽  
Coenzyme F420 ◽  
Plant Seeds ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Anaerobic Biomass ◽  
Closed Reactor

Biotechnology for intensive aerobic bioconversion of sewage sludge and food waste into fertilizer was developed. The wastes were treated in a closed reactor under controlled aeration, stirring, pH, and temperature at 60¡C, after addition of starter bacterial culture Bacillus thermoamylovorans. The biodegradation of sewage sludge was studied by decrease of volatile solids (VS), content of organic carbon and autofluorescence of coenzyme F420. The degradation of anaerobic biomass was faster than biodegradation of total organic matter. The best fertilizer was obtained when sewage sludge was thermally pre-treated, mixed with food waste, chalk, and artificial bulking agent. The content of volatile solid and the content of organic carbon decreased at 24.8% and 13.5% of total solids, respectively, during ten days of bioconversion. The fertilizer was a powder with moisture content of 5%. It was stable, and not toxic for the germination of plant seeds. Addition of 1.0 to 1.5% of this fertilizer to the subsoil increased the growth of different plants tested by 113 to 164%. The biotechnology can be applied in larger scale for the recycling of sewage sludge and food wastes in Singapore.

scholarly journals Biogas potential and methanogenic community shift in in-situ anaerobic sewage sludge digestion with food waste leachate additions

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Su Bae ◽  
Yeo Myung Yoon ◽  
Seon Kyoung Shin ◽  
Dong Jin Lee ◽  
Dong Cheol Seo
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Integrated Treatment ◽  
Anaerobic Digester ◽  
Anaerobic Digester Effluent ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Food Waste Leachate ◽  
Waste Food ◽  
Waste Leachate

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine methane yields (MY) of organic wastes in biogasification facilities according to the mixing ratio of food waste/food waste leachate and sewage sludge. One biogasification facility that treated sewage sludge only was compared with three biogasification facilities treating sewage sludge and food waste. The theoretical MY was derived based on analyses of carbohydrate, fat, and protein to examine the efficiency of the biogasification facility. The average actual MY was 0.424 Sm3CH4/kg volatile solids, which corresponded to 83.7% of theoretical MY. In the case of combined anaerobic digestion (CD) mixing with food waste/food waste leachate, inhibitory factors (volatile fatty acids [VFAs], total nitrogen [TN], and organic matter contents) showed the tendency to have relatively higher values in CD facilities than in the biogasification facility treating sewage sludge only. Mean concentrations of VFAs and TN in the anaerobic digester effluent, and the organic loading rate were 406 mg/L, 3,721 mg/L, and 1.62 kg volatile solids/m3 day, respectively. The influence of anaerobic digester effluent was in charge of 10% within the influent environmental loading rate from the sewage treatment plants associated with the biogasification facilities. Analyses of the microbial community showed that a remarkable change in the structure of methanogens was directly related to different MY in each plant. In particular, Methanoculleus and Methanosaeta increased with an increasing ratio of food waste/food waste leachate to sludge, while Methanococcus and Methanosarcina decreased. In conclusion, CD showed steady operational conditions and high efficiency of MY by injecting food waste/food waste leachate into the anaerobic digester. It met the current criteria for integrated treatment of organic waste in biogasification facilities in South Korea.

scholarly journals Treatment of dairy waste by anaerobic co-digestion with sewage sludge

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka A. Pilarska ◽  
Krzysztof Pilarski ◽  
Kamil Witaszek ◽  
Hanna Waliszewska ◽  
Magdalena Zborowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Cheese Whey ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Biomethane Production ◽  
Digested Sewage Sludge

Abstract The results of anaerobic digestion (AD) of buttermilk (BM) and cheese whey (CW) with a digested sewage sludge as inoculum is described. The substrate/inoculum mixtures were prepared using 10% buttermilk and 15% cheese whey. The essential parameters of the materials were described, including: total solids (TS), volatile solids (VS), pH, conductivity, C/N ratio (the quantitative ratio of organic carbon (C) to nitrogen (N)), alkalinity, chemical oxygen demand (COD). The potential directions of biodegradation of the organic waste types, as used in this study, are also presented. Appropriate chemical reactions illustrate the substrates and products in each phase of anaerobic decomposition of the compounds that are present in buttermilk and cheese whey: lactic acid, lactose, fat, and casein. Moreover, the biogas and biomethane production rates are compared for the substrates used in the experiment. The results have shown that buttermilk in AD generates more biogas (743 m3/Mg VS), including methane (527 m3/Mg VS), when compared with cheese whey (600 m3/Mg VS, 338 m3/Mg VS for biogas and methane, respectively).

scholarly journals Optimisation of C:N Ratio for Co-Digested Processed Industrial Food Waste and Sewage Sludge Using the BMP Test

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuhaib Siddiqui ◽  
N.J. Horan ◽  
Kofi Anaman
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Biochemical Methane Potential ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Methane Potential ◽  
Biomethane Production ◽  
Bmp Test

Biomethane production from processed industrial food waste (IFW) in admixture with sewage sludge (primary and waste activated sludge: PS and WAS) was evaluated at a range of C:N ratios using a standard biochemical methane potential (BMP) test. IFW alone had a C:N of 30 whereas for WAS it was 5.4 and thus the C:N ratio of the blends fell in that range. Increasing the IFW content in mix improves the methane potential by increasing both the cumulative biogas production and the rate of methane production. Optimum methane yield 239 mL/g VSremoved occurred at a C:N ratio of 15 which was achieved with a blend containing 11 percent (w/w) IFW. As the fraction of IFW in the blend increased, volatile solids (VS) destruction was increased and this led to a reduction in methane yield and amount of production. The highest destruction of volatile solids of 93 percent was achieved at C:N of 20 followed by C:N 30 and 15. A shortened BMP test is adequate for evaluating optimum admixtures.

Two-phase anaerobic co-digestion of food waste and sewage sludge

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Wang ◽  
Wei-Ying Li ◽  
Xue-Nong Yi
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Acidogenic Reactor ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Solids Mixing

The feasibility and performance of food waste and sewage sludge co-digestion were investigated to gain insight into their resource utilization. In this study, two-phase anaerobic digestion (TPAD) was operated under a total solids mixing ratio of 1:1 and different sludge retention times (SRTs). Results show that an acidogenic reactor with a 5-day SRT obtained the highest acidification efficiency, and its acetic acid content was dominant. The organic removal rate of a methanogenic reactor (MR) with a 20-day SRT and its corresponding TPAD system with a 25-day SRT were both the highest among the MRs and TPAD systems. Volatile solids and total chemical oxygen demand average removal efficiencies of the TPAD system with a 25-day SRT reached 64.7 and 60.8%, respectively. The MR with a 30-day SRT obtained the minimum ratio of volatile fatty acid to alkalinity (0.12). The methane content generated from the different MRs fluctuated at around 70%. All of the above results can provide reference for future research.

Estimation of Energy Saving for Melting Process on Sewage Sludge

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (10-12) ◽  
pp. 2011-2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Murakami ◽  
K. Sasabe ◽  
K. Sasaki ◽  
T. Kawashima
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
System Operation ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Cake Moisture ◽  
Very High

The possible volume reduction and stabilization of the sewage sludge associated with the melting process are expected to be greater than with the incineration process. In addition, melted slag can be utilized. However, since the melting process requires a very high temperature to melt inorganics (ash) in the sludge, the technologies to minimize energy consumption, to establish system operation and to prolong durability of facilities should be developed. This paper discusses the auxiliary fuel consumption as follows.(1)Preparation of a model that provides the auxiliary fuel consumption of the melting system on the basis of the mass and heat balances.(2)Evaluation of the auxiliary fuel consumption in the above model using the cake moisture content, the volatile solids of the cake, the dried cake moisture content and the melting temperature as parameters.(3)Examination of the operational conditions for an energy saving melting system based on the results of (1) and (2) above.

A Full-Scale Demonstration Food Waste and Sewage Sludge Co-Digestion Project at the Joint Water Pollution Control Plant

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (15) ◽  
pp. 3796-3806
Author(s):  
Robert Morton ◽  
James Ecker ◽  
Robert Hickey ◽  
Daniel Gary ◽  
Andy Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Water Pollution Control

Effect of High Strength Food Wastes on Anaerobic Co-digestion of Sewage Sludge

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-326
Author(s):  
R Vaidya ◽  
G.D Boardman ◽  
J.T Novaka ◽  
R Wimmer ◽  
M Hannac
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Food Wastes

scholarly journals Sewage sludge application enhances soil properties and rice growth in a salt-affected mudflat soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhua Shan ◽  
Min Lv ◽  
Wengang Zuo ◽  
Zehui Tang ◽  
Cheng Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Soil Reclamation ◽  
Rice Growth ◽  
Promote Plant Growth

AbstractThe most important measures for salt-affected mudflat soil reclamation are to reduce salinity and to increase soil organic carbon (OC) content and thus soil fertility. Salinity reduction is often accomplished through costly freshwater irrigation by special engineering measures. Whether fertility enhancement only through one-off application of a great amount of OC can improve soil properties and promote plant growth in salt-affected mudflat soil remains unclear. Therefore, the objective of our indoor pot experiment was to study the effects of OC amendment at 0, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.5%, calculated from carbon content, by one-off application of sewage sludge on soil properties, rice yield, and root growth in salt-affected mudflat soil under waterlogged conditions. The results showed that the application of sewage sludge promoted soil fertility by reducing soil pH and increasing content of OC, nitrogen and phosphorus in salt-affected mudflat soil, while soil electric conductivity (EC) increased with increasing sewage sludge (SS) application rates under waterlogged conditions. In this study, the rice growth was not inhibited by the highest EC of 4.43 dS m−1 even at high doses of SS application. The SS application increased yield of rice, promoted root growth, enhanced root activity and root flux activity, and increased the soluble sugar and amino acid content in the bleeding sap of rice plants at the tillering, jointing, and maturity stages. In conclusion, fertility enhancement through organic carbon amendment can “offset” the adverse effects of increased salinity and promote plant growth in salt-affected mudflat soil under waterlogged conditions.

scholarly journals Biogas potential of organic waste onboard cruise ships — a yet untapped energy source

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Schumüller ◽  
Dirk Weichgrebe ◽  
Stephan Köster
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Cruise Ships ◽  
Detailed Presentation

AbstractTo tap the organic waste generated onboard cruise ships is a very promising approach to reduce their adverse impact on the maritime environment. Biogas produced by means of onboard anaerobic digestion offers a complementary energy source for ships’ operation. This report comprises a detailed presentation of the results gained from comprehensive investigations on the gas yield from onboard substrates such as food waste, sewage sludge and screening solids. Each person onboard generates a total average of about 9 kg of organic waste per day. The performed analyses of substrates and anaerobic digestion tests revealed an accumulated methane yield of around 159 L per person per day. The anaerobic co-digestion of sewage sludge and food waste (50:50 VS) emerged as particularly effective and led to an increased biogas yield by 24%, compared to the mono-fermentation. In the best case, onboard biogas production can provide an energetic output of 82 W/P, on average covering 3.3 to 4.1% of the total energy demand of a cruise ship.

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