The application of wetland technology for copper removal from distillery wastewater: a case study

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 2759-2766 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Murphy ◽  
P. Hawes ◽  
D. J. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Metal Removal ◽  
Copper Removal ◽  
Ionic Form ◽  
Reed Beds ◽  
Organic Species ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Distillery Wastewater ◽  
Reed Bed ◽  
Performance Results

The ability of reed beds to remove significant levels of metals from effluent streams is well cited in the literature. Various methods of removal have been postulated and demonstrated including physical methods such as filtration and settlement, precipitation when the metal is present as a salt and adsorption to organic species or take up by macrophytes when the metal is in a soluble or ionic form. Consequently, reed beds have been used in a variety of applications for metal removal in water treatment processes. The distillation process for whisky generates an effluent containing a significant amount of copper which is scoured from the copper stills during the process and cleaning operations. High soluble copper concentrations can breach discharge consents. A horizontal subsurface flow reed bed system has been designed and installed for copper removal at a distillery in Scotland. This paper presents the findings of the literature search, outlines the design of the bed and reviews the performance results.

Fly ash based geopolymer for heavy metal removal: A case study on copper removal

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 1669-1677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad S. Al-Harahsheh ◽  
Kamel Al Zboon ◽  
Leema Al-Makhadmeh ◽  
Muhannad Hararah ◽  
Mehaysen Mahasneh
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Heavy Metal Removal ◽  
Copper Removal

Constructed reed beds: appropriate technology for small communities

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Green ◽  
J. Upton
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Reed Beds ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Operational Information ◽  
Reed Bed ◽  
Small Sites ◽  
Very High

Reed bed treatment is put in the context of a major water company’s need to provide reliable, high quality, effluents from small sewage treatment works whilst seeking to minimise running costs. Design and operational information is given for reed bed applications in Severn Trent Water. Performance details are provided for application to secondary, tertiary and storm overflow treatment. The results give particular confidence in the system’s ability to deliver very high quality effluents when used for tertiary treatment, the company’s biggest application. Reed beds work well against less demanding criteria for secondary treatment at small sites and show great promise for storm overflow treatment.

On-site domestic wastewater treatment by reed bed in the moist subtropics

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 353-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Davison ◽  
T. Headley ◽  
M. Edmonds
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Moisture Loss ◽  
Reed Beds ◽  
Treatment Performance ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Domestic Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Australian State ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Reed Bed

This paper summarises the results of studies on four subsurface flow wetlands (reed beds) located in the moist sub-tropical north eastern corner of the Australian state of New South Wales. The reed beds, which are subjected to a variety of effluent types, all have a gravel substrate planted with Phragmites australis. All four units were found to maintain satisfactory treatment performance year round. Mean removal efficiencies ranged from 56% to 90% (SS), 70% to 93% (BOD), 38% to 66% (TN), 87% to 99.8% (Faecal coliforms), and 42% to 70% (TP - with one seasonal result of 0% for the eight year old unit) for the four reed beds. After eight years in operation the oldest reed bed was showing signs of phosphorus saturation with outlet TP concentrations exceeding inlet concentrations on some occasions. The youngest reed bed studied appeared to be operating efficiently after five months. A summer water balance on one of the reed beds revealed an average crop factor of 1.6 and a moisture loss to atmosphere of 40% of influent flow. Treatment performance (particularly for TN and SS) was found to be negatively correlated with rainfall during one study. The paper discusses the implications of the above results for on-site system designers and regulators and identifies areas for further investigation.

Small wastewater treatment plants in Flanders (Belgium): standard approach and experiences with constructed reed beds

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Vandaele ◽  
C. Thoeye ◽  
B. Van Eygen ◽  
G. De Gueldre
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Reed Beds ◽  
Reed Bed

In Flanders (Belgium) an estimated 15% of the population will never be connected to a central wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Small WWTPs can be a valuable option. Aquafin bases the decision to build SWWTPs on a drainage area study. To realise an accelerated construction the process choice is made accordingly to a standard matrix, which represents the different technologies in function of the size and the effluent consents. A pilot scale constructed two-stage reed bed is used to optimise the concept of the reed beds. The concept consists of a primary clarifier, two parallel vertical flow reed beds followed by a sub-surface flow reed bed. The removal efficiency of organic pollutants is high (COD: 89%, BOD: 98%). Phosphorus removal is high at the start-up but diminishes throughout the testing period (from 100% to 71% retention after 7 months). Nitrogen removal amounts to 53% on average. Nitrification is complete in summer. Denitrification appears to be the limiting factor. In autumn leakage of nitrogen is assumed. Removal efficiency of pathogens amounts to almost 99%. Clogging forms a substantial constraint of the vertical flow reed bed. Problems appear to be related with presettlement, feed interval and geotextile.

scholarly journals Quantification of Extent, Density, and Status of Aquatic Reed Beds Using Point Clouds Derived from UAV–RGB Imagery

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolás Corti Meneses ◽  
Florian Brunner ◽  
Simon Baier ◽  
Juergen Geist ◽  
Thomas Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Reed Beds ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
Reed Bed

Quantification of reed coverage and vegetation status is fundamental for monitoring and developing lake conservation strategies. The applicability of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) three-dimensional data (point clouds) for status evaluation was investigated. This study focused on mapping extent, density, and vegetation status of aquatic reed beds. Point clouds were calculated with Structure from Motion (SfM) algorithms in aerial imagery recorded with Rotary Wing (RW) and Fixed Wing (FW) UAV. Extent was quantified by measuring the surface between frontline and shoreline. Density classification was based on point geometry (height and height variance) in point clouds. Spectral information per point was used for calculating a vegetation index and was used as indicator for vegetation vitality. Status was achieved by combining data on density, vitality, and frontline shape outputs. Field observations in areas of interest (AOI) and optical imagery were used for reference and validation purposes. A root mean square error (RMSE) of 1.58 m to 3.62 m for cross sections from field measurements and classification was achieved for extent map. The overall accuracy (OA) acquired for density classification was 88.6% (Kappa = 0.8). The OA for status classification of 83.3% (Kappa = 0.7) was reached by comparison with field measurements complemented by secondary Red, Green, Blue (RGB) data visual assessments. The research shows that complex transitional zones (water–vegetation–land) can be assessed and support the suitability of the applied method providing new strategies for monitoring aquatic reed bed using low-cost UAV imagery.

scholarly journals Innovative Biological Treatment Processes for Wastewater in Canada

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine N. Mulligan ◽  
Bernard F. Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Future Research ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Stage Of Development

Abstract Biological treatment of wastewater has been employed successfully for many types of industries. Aerobic processes have been used extensively. Production of large amounts of sludge is the main problem and methods such as biofilters and membrane bioreactors are being developed to combat this phenomenon. Anaerobic waste treatment has undergone significant developments and is now reliable with low retention times. The UASB, the original high rate anaerobic reactor, is now becoming less popular than the EGSB reactor. New developments such as the Annamox process are highly promising for nitrogen removal. For metal removal, processes such as biosorption and biosurfactants combined with ultrafiltration membranes are under development. Biosurfactants have also shown promise as dispersing agents for oil spills. If space is available, wetlands can be used to reduce biological oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), nutrients and heavy metals. These innovative processes are described in this paper in terms of applications, the stage of development, and future research needs particular to Canada.

scholarly journals Simulating regional scale secondary organic aerosol formation during the TORCH 2003 campaign in the southern UK

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Johnson ◽  
S. R. Utembe ◽  
M. E. Jenkin ◽  
R. G. Derwent ◽  
G. D. Hayman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Organic Aerosol ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Chemical Mechanism ◽  
Background Concentration ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
Organic Species ◽  
Voc Oxidation ◽  
Partitioning Coefficients

Abstract. A photochemical trajectory model has been used to simulate the chemical evolution of air masses arriving at the TORCH field campaign site in the southern UK during late July and August 2003, a period which included a widespread and prolonged photochemical pollution episode. The model incorporates speciated emissions of 124 non-methane anthropogenic VOC and three representative biogenic VOC, coupled with a comprehensive description of the chemistry of their degradation. A representation of the gas/aerosol absorptive partitioning of ca. 2000 oxygenated organic species generated in the Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM v3.1) has been implemented, allowing simulation of the contribution to organic aerosol (OA) made by semi- and non-volatile products of VOC oxidation; emissions of primary organic aerosol (POA) and elemental carbon (EC) are also represented. Simulations of total OA mass concentrations in nine case study events (optimised by comparison with observed hourly-mean mass loadings derived from aerosol mass spectrometry measurements) imply that the OA can be ascribed to three general sources: (i) POA emissions; (ii) a "ubiquitous" background concentration of 0.7 µg m-3; and (iii) gas-to-aerosol transfer of lower volatility products of VOC oxidation generated by the regional scale processing of emitted VOC, but with all partitioning coefficients increased by a species-independent factor of 500. The requirement to scale the partitioning coefficients, and the implied background concentration, are both indicative of the occurrence of chemical processes within the aerosol which allow the oxidised organic species to react by association and/or accretion reactions which generate even lower volatility products, leading to a persistent, non-volatile secondary organic aerosol (SOA). The contribution of secondary organic material to the simulated OA results in significant elevations in the simulated ratio of organic carbon (OC) to EC, compared with the ratio of 1.1 assigned to the emitted components. For the selected case study events, [OC]/[EC] is calculated to lie in the range 2.7-9.8, values which are comparable with the high end of the range reported in the literature.

Composting of Aged Reed Bed Biosolids for Beneficial Reuse: A Case Study in New Jersey, USA

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarat Kannepalli ◽  
Beth Ravit ◽  
Peter F. Strom
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Beneficial Reuse ◽  
Reed Bed

Recovery of Cu(II) by chemical reduction using sodium dithionite: effect of pH and ligands

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 2089-2094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Hsuan Chou ◽  
Jui-Hsuan Yu ◽  
Yang-Min Liang ◽  
Pin-Jan Wang ◽  
Chi-Wang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Removal ◽  
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽  
Chemical Reduction ◽  
Metallic Copper ◽  
Sample Pretreatment ◽  
Copper Removal ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticle ◽  
Industrial Sectors

Wastewaters containing Cu(II) and ligands are ubiquitous in various industrial sectors, and efficacy of copper removal processes, especially precipitation, is greatly compromised by ligands. Chemical reduction, being commonly employed for production of metal nanoparticles, is also effective for metal removal. Adjustment of pH and addition of ligands are important to control the particle size in metallic nanoparticle production. Exploiting the fact that ligands and metals coexist in many wastewaters, chemical reduction was employed to treat ligand-containing wastewater in this study. The experimental result shows that depending on pH, type of ligands, and copper:ligand molar ratio, copper could be removed by either the reduction or precipitation mechanism. Almost complete copper removal could be achieved by the reduction mechanism under optimal condition for solutions containing either EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) or citrate ligands. For solutions containing ammonia, depending on pH and Cu:ammonia molar ratio, copper was removed by both precipitation and reduction mechanisms. At pH of 9.0, formation of nano-sized particles, which readily pass through a 0.45 μm filter used for sample pretreatment before residual copper analysis, results in the lowest copper removal efficiency. Both cuprous oxide and metallic copper are identified in the solids produced, and the possible explanations are provided.

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