Near-infrared spectroscopic assessment of contamination level of sewage

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 1957-1963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Inagaki ◽  
Yukari Shinoda ◽  
Mitsuhiro Miyazawa ◽  
Hitoshi Takamura ◽  
Satoru Tsuchikawa
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Sewage Water ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Spectral Variation ◽  
Background Interference ◽  
Treatment Facilities

We examined the use of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy as a rapid technique for the evaluation of sewage quality. Influent water samples, primary sedimentation tank water samples, and final effluent water samples were collected from sewage treatment facilities in Nagoya, Japan and their NIR spectra obtained. Partial least squares (PLS) models for total phosphate (TP), total nitrogen (TN), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total organic carbon (TOC), and turbidity of sewage water were constructed from the NIR data. The models provided good correlation between measurements obtained conventionally and those predicted from spectroscopy. Spectral variation induced by background interference in samples affected accuracy. Loading plots and score plots derived from PLS regression analysis resolved the background interference and allowed highly accurate predictions. Spectral variation induced by contamination in the sewage was a main predictor of sewage quality. These results show that NIR spectroscopy shows potential for in-line, non-destructive measurement of sewage quality.

Model Optimization for near-Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis of Chemical Oxygen Demand of Wastewater

2012 ◽  
Vol 500 ◽  
pp. 832-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Pan ◽  
Wei Wei Chen ◽  
Wen Jie Huang ◽  
Rui Tuo Qu
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Simultaneous Optimization ◽  
Model Optimization ◽  
Spectroscopy Analysis ◽  
Smoothing Parameters

A directly rapid quantitative analysis method for chemical oxygen demand (COD) of wastewater samples was established by near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and partial least square (PLS) method. The optimization of Savitzky-Golay (SG) smoothing modes combined with PLS factor was applied to optimize the model of NIR spectroscopy analysis here. The waveband used for modeling was the combination of 400-1878 nm and 2088-2338 nm. The optimal smoothing parameters were the 5th derivative smoothing, 5th degree polynomial, 17 smoothing points, the optimal PLS factor, root mean squared error of predication (RMSEP) and correlation coefficient of predication (RP) were 7, 33.2 (mg/L) and 0.929 respectively, which was obviously superior to the direct PLS model without SG smoothing and ones based on the whole spectral collecting region 400-2500 nm. This demonstrated that NIR spectroscopy can be applied to the rapid determination of COD of wastewater, large-scale simultaneous optimization selection of SG smoothing parameters and PLS factor can be effectively applied to the model optimization of NIR analysis.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Analysis of Mymensingh Municipality Sewage Water and Old Brahmaputra River water

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-108
Author(s):  
M Uddin ◽  
S Talukder ◽  
MS Hossen ◽  
MT Hossain
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Sewage Water ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Brahmaputra River ◽  
Acceptable Range ◽  
Irrigation Water Use ◽  
The Mean

The study was conducted to investigate the physicochemical properties of the Old Brahmaputra River and Sewage water in Mymensingh Municipality. To perform the study fifty samples were collected from five different stations from the river and surrounding sewage discharge points. The samples were analyzed to determine pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd). The mean value of pH was 7.1 and 6.8 for river and sewage water samples, respectively. Mean EC value was 183 μS/cm and 589.18 μS/cm for river and sewage samples, respectively signifies that EC of all samples were within the acceptable range. 66.32 ppm and 260.36 ppm were the mean TDS value for river and sewage samples, respectively indicates no harm to aquatic lives and irrigation water use. Mean DO and BOD values for river water samples were 4.21 mg/L and 6.02 mg/L, respectively. 3.08 mg/L and 9.98 mg/L were the mean DO and BOD values for sewage water samples, respectively implies that river water is usable for irrigation but sewage water is unfit for it. Mean Pb concentration for river and sewage water samples was 0.428 ppm and 0.467 ppm, respectively.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 10(2): 105-108 2017

scholarly journals Biodegradation of Sewage Wastewater Using Autochthonous Bacteria

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Purnima Dhall ◽  
Rita Kumar ◽  
Anil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Bacillus Pumilus ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Autochthonous Bacteria

The performance of isolated designed consortia comprisingBacillus pumilus, Brevibacterium sp, and Pseudomonas aeruginosafor the treatment of sewage wastewater in terms of reduction in COD (chemical oxygen demand), BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) MLSS (mixed liquor suspended solids), and TSS (total suspended solids) was studied. Different parameters were optimized (inoculum size, agitation, and temperature) to achieve effective results in less period of time. The results obtained indicated that consortium in the ratio of 1 : 2 (effluent : biomass) at 200 rpm, 35°C is capable of effectively reducing the pollutional load of the sewage wastewaters, in terms of COD, BOD, TSS, and MLSS within the desired discharge limits, that is, 32 mg/L, 8 mg/L, 162 mg/L, and 190 mg/L. The use of such specific consortia can overcome the inefficiencies of the conventional biological treatment facilities currently operational in sewage treatment plants.

scholarly journals Efficiency evaluation of sewage treatment technologies: Implications on aquatic ecosystem health

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umara Qayoom ◽  
Sami Ullah Bhat ◽  
Irfan Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Lake Ecosystem ◽  
Dal Lake ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Srinagar City

Abstract This research paper tries to identify and address issues related to efficiency of Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) and their implications on the Dal Lake ecosystem in Srinagar city, Kashmir, India. Fluidized Aerobic Bioreactor (FAB) and Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR) technologies having been recently installed along the periphery of Dal Lake were evaluated for efficiency for a continuous period of 24 months from December 2016 to November 2018. Apart from chemical quality, total coliform (TC), fecal coliform (FC), and fecal streptococci (FS) analyses were also carried out. Major highlights of our work using one-way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) revealed significant variations (p < 0.05) in Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), ammonia (NH3-N), total phosphorus (TP), TC, FC, and FS. Our findings indicate that both technologies are struggling for removal efficiency, which is very low, especially in FAB during three to four months of winter season where a very high drop in the working efficiency of the STP was observed. The treatment facilities did not meet the prescribed standards in respect of TSS, BOD, NH3-N, TP, TC, FC, and FS thereby having the potential to compromise public health and trophic status of Dal Lake.

scholarly journals Sewage Water Treatment Plant for Hingna

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VI) ◽  
pp. 796-798
Author(s):  
Vinay Khewale
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Treatment Plant ◽  
Sewage Water ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
Sewage Water Treatment

A sewage water treatment plant is necessary to receive and treat waste water (Domestic, Commercial, and Industrial). Its objective is to be convert harmful waste water to safe water environmentally and treated effluent and treated sludge suitable for reuse and disposal such as farm fertilizer. The characteristics of waste water have been performed followed by design of sewage treatment plant. The present study includes design of sewage treatment plant and analysis of waste water – PH value, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Solids (TS), Hardness, Chloride, Acidity, Oil, Fats and grease etc. The sample collection of waste water has been done in many times in a day to obtain an average value of major parameter. Followed by values of this parameter, calculations are done for designing the units of sewage treatment plant and layout is prepared for the same

Waveband Selection for NIR Spectroscopy Analysis of Wastewater COD

2011 ◽  
Vol 480-481 ◽  
pp. 393-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Pan ◽  
Wei Wei Chen ◽  
Zeng Hai Chen ◽  
Jun Xie
Keyword(s):  
Model Prediction ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Model Complexity ◽  
Moving Window ◽  
Optimal Model ◽  
Spectroscopy Analysis ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Selection Of

Waveband selection of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy analysis of wastewater chemical oxygen demand (COD) by moving window partial least squares (MWPLS) method with changeable size, the optimization of PLS factor was combined with MWPLS method. According to the prediction effect, the optimal model was selected, and the corresponding waveband, number of adopted wavelengths, PLS factor, RMSEP, RP were 820-850nm, 16, 13, 25.5 mg/L, and 0.968 respectively, which was obviously superior to the optimal PLS model on the whole spectral collecting region. The result shows that the MWPLS method can improve the model prediction effect, reduce model complexity, and provide valuable reference for designing special NIR spectrometer.

scholarly journals Wastewater Treatment in Remote Arctic Settlements

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 919
Author(s):  
Elena Vialkova ◽  
Ekaterina Glushchenko
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Sewage Water ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Experimental Modelling ◽  
Solids Concentration

The article deals with improving the sewage systems of small remote settlements in the Arctic climate to prevent industrial pollution of the environment. Preliminary monitoring of the wastewater temperature and quality was carried out. From the laboratory results of the experimental modelling, such as the coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, oxidation, and wastewater chemical precipitation, we developed a substitute for the traditional biological stage of sewage treatment with physicochemical methods. A real sewage water sample, taken for this study from a septic tank in a remote northern village, can be considered as a distinctive feature of the experiment. The best results obtained according to the scheme with the chemical precipitation of nitrogen compounds are demonstrated. In this case, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) index was reduced by 96.6%, the ammonium ions concentration by 99.5%, and the suspended solids concentration by 99.9%. A technological scheme for low-productivity wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in northern settlements is proposed. A comparison of the proposed scheme and the traditional schemes in terms of efficiency and cost was carried out. Further study and implementation of recommended methods of sewage treatment at existing and newly designed stations is expected to improve the effective operation of these treatment plants in arctic conditions.

scholarly journals Classification of saline water for irrigated agriculture using near infrared spectroscopy coupled with pattern recognition techniques

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 00043
Author(s):  
Ravipat Lapcharoensuk ◽  
Jirawat Phuphanutada ◽  
Patthranit Wongpromrat
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Pattern Recognition Technique ◽  
Pattern Recognition Techniques ◽  
Recognition Technique

This research aimed to create near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy models for the classification of saline water with a pattern recognition technique. A total of 112 water samples were collected from the Tha Chin river basin in Thailand. Water samples with salinity less than 0.2 g/l were identified as suitable for agriculture, while water samples with salinity higher than 0.2 g/l were found to be unsuitable. The NIR spectra of water samples were recorded using a Fourier transform (FT) NIR spectrometer in the wavenumber of 12,500–4,000 cm-1. The salinity of each water sample was analysed by electrical conductivity meter. Identification models were established with 5 supervised pattern recognition techniques including k-nearest neighbour (k-NN), support vector machine (SVM), artificial neural network (ANN), soft independent modelling of class analogies (SIMCA), and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The performance of the NIR model was carried out with a split-test method. About 80% of spectra (90 spectra) were randomly selected to develop the classification models. After model development, the NIR spectroscopy models were used to classify the categories of the remaining samples (22 samples). The ANN model showed the highest performance for classifying saline water with precision, recall, F-measure and accuracy of 84.6%, 100.0%, 91.7% and 90.9%, respectively. Other techniques presented satisfactory classification results with accuracy greater than 68.2%. This point indicated that NIR spectroscopy coupled with the pattern recognition technique could be applied to classify saline water for agricultural use according to salinity level in natural resources.

scholarly journals Retechnologization of biological sewage water treatment facilities using mathematical modelling

2021 ◽  
Vol 274 ◽  
pp. 08012
Author(s):  
Liliya Khisameeva ◽  
Runar Abitov ◽  
Ramis Alimov
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Water ◽  
Improve Energy Efficiency ◽  
Treated Sewage ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Sewage Water Treatment ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Biological Treatment System ◽  
Selection Of

The efficiency of sewage treatment plants is an urgent problem of the designed and operating stations. In modern conditions, efficiency is understood as the operation of facilities in which operating costs are minimized, facilities provide standard cleaning, and the company implements measures to modernize and improve energy efficiency and trouble-free operation. The article deals with the comparative analysis and selection of the most optimal scheme of biological sewage water treatment of existing sewage water treatment plants. The indicators of the efficiency of functioning and permissible loads on treatment facilities in the design of aeration tanks for biological sewage water treatment are determined. The results served as the basis for the creation of a mathematical model, with the help of which it is possible to calculate the parameters of the biological treatment system and optimize the process of biological sewage water treatment at existing treatment facilities. Mathematical modeling allows you to reduce the cost of designing and operating treatment facilities, to guarantee the degree of treatment in accordance with the requirements and standards for the discharge of treated sewage water into a reservoir for fisheries purposes.

scholarly journals The Correlation Analysis of TOC and CODCr in Urban Sewage Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 06010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Tian ◽  
Chunling Zhao ◽  
Xiaona Ji ◽  
Tiezhu Feng ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Urban Sewage ◽  
Treated Effluent

Total organic carbon (TOC) and chemical oxygen demand (CODCr) are indicators of the degree of organic pollution in water. At present, CODCr is mainly used as an evaluation index in China, and the detection method of CODCr is more complicated and time-consuming than TOC. In this paper, it uses the Micro-Pressure Inner-Loop Bioreactor (MPR) to treat urban sewage, studies the treatment effect of MPR on organic pollutants, and further analyzes the correlation between TOC and CODCr. TOC and CODCr of municipal wastewater and MPR treated effluent were measured by total organic carbon analyzer and dichromate method respectively, and the degree of organic pollution of water samples was analyzed. The results showed that the average removal rates of TOC and CODCr in municipal wastewater were 83.54% and 90.81%, respectively. The theoretical correlation coefficient between TOC and CODCr in experimental raw water was only 0.7322. After MPR treatment, the correlation coefficient increased to 0.9534. For water samples with fixed contaminants and stable contents, TOC can be used to calculate water CODCr by linear fitting relationship.

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