Behavior of solid carbon sources for biological denitrification in groundwater remediation

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 1696-1704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianmei Zhang ◽  
Chuanping Feng ◽  
Siqi Hong ◽  
Huiling Hao ◽  
Yingnan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Groundwater Remediation ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Denitrification Activity ◽  
Leaching Experiments ◽  
Potential Carbon ◽  
Stimulation Of

The present study was conducted to compare the behavior of wheat straw, sawdust and biodegradable plastic (BP) as potential carbon sources for denitrification in groundwater remediation. The results showed that a greater amount of nitrogen compounds were released from wheat straw and sawdust than from BP in leaching experiments. In batch experiments, BP showed higher nitrate removal efficiency and longer service life than wheat straw and sawdust, which illustrated that BP is the most appropriate carbon source for stimulation of denitrification activity. In column experiments, BP was able to support complete denitrification at influent nitrate concentrations of 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90 mg NO3−-N/L, showing corresponding denitrification rates of 0.12, 0.14, 0.17, 0.19, and 0.22 mg NO3−-N.L−1.d−1.g−1, respectively. These findings indicate that BP is applicable for use as a carbon source for nitrate-polluted groundwater remediation.

Comparison of denitrification performances using PLA/starch with different mass ratios as carbon source

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 1019-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuanfu Wu ◽  
Danqi Tang ◽  
Qunhui Wang ◽  
Juan Wang ◽  
Jianguo Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Groundwater Remediation ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Biofilm Carrier ◽  
Carbon Release ◽  
Biological Nitrate Removal

A suitable carbon source is significant for biological nitrate removal from groundwater. In this study, slow-release carbon sources containing polylactic acid (PLA) and starch at 8:2, 7:3, 6:4, 5:5, 4:6, and 3:7 ratios were prepared using a blending and fusing technique. The PLA/starch blend was then used as a solid carbon source for biological nitrate removal. The carbon release rate of PLA/starch was found to increase with increased starch content in leaching experiments. PLA/starch at 5:5 mass ratio was found to have the highest denitrification performance and organic carbon consumption efficiency in semi-continuous denitrification experiments, and was also revealed to support complete denitrification at 50 mg-N/L influent nitrate concentration in continuous experiments. The effluent nitrate concentration was <2 mg NO3–-N/L, which met the national standard (GB 14848-93) for groundwater. Scanning electron microscopy results further showed that the surface roughness of PLA/starch increased with prolonged experimental time, which may be conducive to microorganism attachment. Therefore, PLA/starch was a suitable carbon source and biofilm carrier for groundwater remediation.

Comparative Analysis of Nitrate Removal in Sub-Surface Flow Constructed Wetlands by Different External Carbon Sources

2014 ◽  
Vol 1073-1076 ◽  
pp. 779-783
Author(s):  
Patience Awhavbera ◽  
Lian Fang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
External Carbon Source ◽  
N Removal

External carbon sources provide additional nutrients that improve the efficiency of nitrate removal in constructed wetlands. Typha angustifolia L. were planted in four vertical subsurface-flow constructed wetlands. Different external carbon sources were fed into the columns, to investigate and compare their treatment of nitrate in synthetic wastewater, with initial influent C/N ratio of 1:1. Wetland A (WA) with 50g wheat straw as external carbon source, wetland B (WB) with 50g woodchips, wetland C (WC) with additional 10mg/L glucose and wetland D (WD) without external carbon source to serve as the control, were used in the lab-scale experimental study. WA, WB, WC and WD within a period of 24 days, cumulatively removed 109.38mg/L, 93.75mg/L, 85.14mg/L, and 64.01mg/L nitrate, respectively, from the influent. The nitrate-nitrogen (NO3–N) removal efficiency as aided by the external carbon sources was in the order: wheat straw > woodchips > glucose > control. Wheat straw treated 93% NO3–N, woodchips 78%, glucose 72% and the control 53%. The results indicate that WA, WB and WC outperformed the control system, due to the additional carbon sources. In general, the wheat straw had a better performance than wood chips and glucose. Thus, wheat straw as low cost biological waste product is recommended for the treatment of nitrate in wetlands.

Comparison of aerobic denitrifying activity among three cultural species with various carbon sources

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Otani ◽  
K. Hasegawa ◽  
K. Hanaki
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Nitrate Reduction ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Alcaligenes Faecalis ◽  
Aerobic Denitrification ◽  
Denitrification Activity ◽  
Paracoccus Pantotrophus ◽  
Nitrate And Nitrite

Abilities of three aerobic denitrifiers such as Alcaligenes faecalis, Microvirgula aerodenitrificans and Paracoccus pantotrophus were compared from the viewpoints of nitrate removal efficiency and organic matter utilization. First, the effect of carbon source was investigated. Although nitrate reduction was observed in all strains under aerobic conditions, a change of carbon source considerably affected the denitrification ability. In the case of P. pantotrophus, nitrate and nitrite were completely removed in three days under sodium acetate or leucine as a carbon source. In the case of A. faecalis, sufficient nitrate removal was observed only when sodium acetate or ethanol was added. P. pantotrophus and A. faecalis showed a higher ability of nitrate removal than that of M. aerodenitrificans. Therefore, P. pantotrophus was selected in order to investigate the effects of concentration and repetitive addition of carbon. Sodium acetate was used as a sole carbon source. Nitrate was not reduced when the carbon concentration was below 500 mgC/L. However, when carbon source was added repeatedly, nitrate was reduced under 100 mgC/L after the optical density of the bacterium reached above 1.0. This result indicated that a high enough level of bacterial density was necessary to express aerobic denitrification activity.

Nitrate removal using Brevundimonas diminuta MTCC 8486 from ground water

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 517-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kavitha ◽  
R. Selvakumar ◽  
M. Sathishkumar ◽  
K. Swaminathan ◽  
P. Lakshmanaperumalsamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Biological Removal ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Brevundimonas Diminuta

Brevundimonas diminuta MTCC 8486, isolated from marine soil of coastal area of Trivandrum, Kerala, was used for biological removal of nitrate from ground water collected from Kar village of Pali district, Rajasthan. The organism was found to be resistance for nitrate up to 10,000 mg L−1. The optimum growth conditions for biological removal of nitrate were established in batch culture. The effect of carbon sources on nitrate removal was investigated using mineral salt medium (MSM) containing 500 mg L−1 of nitrate to select the most effective carbon source. Among glucose and starch as carbon source, glucose at 1% concentration increased the growth (182±8.24 × 104 CFU mL−1) and induced maximum nitrate reduction (86.4%) at 72 h. The ground water collected from Kar village, Pali district of Rajasthan containing 460±5.92 mg L−1 of nitrate was subjected to three different treatment processes in pilot scale (T1 to T3). Higher removal of nitrate was observed in T2 process (88%) supplemented with 1% glucose. The system was scaled up to 10 L pilot scale treatment plant. At 72 h the nitrate removal was observed to be 95% in pilot scale plant. The residual nitrate level (23±0.41 mg L−1) in pilot scale treatment process was found to be below the permissible limit of WHO.

Biological denitrification of drinking water using various natural organic solid substrates

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 489-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Aslan ◽  
A. Türkman
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Effluent Water ◽  
Activated Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Organic Solid ◽  
Solid Substrates ◽  
Laboratory Reactor

Denitrification of drinking water was studied using various natural organic solid substrates (NOSS) such as poplar, hornbeam, pine shavings and wheat straw as a carbon source in a batch unit. The highest nitrate removal efficiency was observed with the wheat straw, so it was chosen as the carbon source for biodenitrification in an upflow laboratory reactor. In order to remove solid particles from the effluent water, a sand filter unit was placed after the denitrification reactor. The soluble DOC contents in the reactor affected the efficiency of nitrate elimination and nitrate concentration of the effluent water remained below acceptable values (50 mg/l NO3-). In order to remove colour, DOC and nitrate from the water, powdered activated carbon adsorption studies were performed in the batch unit.

Enhanced Heterotrophic Denitrification for the Treatment of Nitrate Contaminated Groundwater by Wheat Straw

2013 ◽  
Vol 316-317 ◽  
pp. 625-628
Author(s):  
Jian Mei Zhang ◽  
Chuan Ping Feng ◽  
Si Qi Hong ◽  
Hui Ling Hao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Contaminated Groundwater ◽  
Column Experiments ◽  
Inlet Concentration ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Organic Carbon Sources ◽  
Heterotrophic Denitrification

The method of the heterotrophic denitrification remediation of nitrate-polluted groundwater involves the study of organic carbon sources as electron donor. The aim of the present study was to evaluate wheat straw for its ability to enhance denitrification in column experiments. The inlet concentration was 50.0 mgNO3--N/L and the column operated at the flow rate of 2.0 ml/min. The result showed that in the presence of wheat straw, highly reducing conditions were generated and complete removal of nitrate (>95%) was achieved, with less accumulation of nitrite. Consequently, wheat straw is an attractive carbon source for groundwater denitrification.

Groundwater denitrification with alternative carbon sources

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 237-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mohseni-Bandpi ◽  
D. J. Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Rotating Biological Contactor ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Biological Nitrate Removal

A pilot scale rotating biological contactor (RBC) was used to investigate the removal of nitrate-nitrogen from groundwater using three different carbon sources, i.e., methanol, ethanol and acetic acid. Optimum carbon sources to influent nitrate-nitrogen ratio were established by varying the influent concentration of carbon sources. The optimum ratio of methanol, ethanol and acetic acid to nitrate-nitrogen ratios were found to be 2.9, 2.35 and 4.3 respectively. The nitrate-nitrogen removal efficiency averaged 93, 91 and 98 for methanol, ethanol and acetic acid respectively at a loading rate of 76 mg/m2.h. The results of this study show that the acetic acid is the most efficient carbon source for removal of nitrate-nitrogen. Effluent nitrite-nitrogen concentration was minimum for acetic acid as compared with ethanol and methanol. The effluent contained minimum suspended solids and turbidity for methanol as a carbon source. The results of this study indicate that biological nitrate removal using a RBC is a reliable and stable system under all the three carbon sources. The denitrified water in all cases requires some post treatment to oxidise the residual carbon source and remove biomass before distribution.

Full-Scale Application of Nitrogen Removal with Methanol as Carbon Source

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1077-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Nyberg ◽  
H. Aspegren ◽  
B. Andersson ◽  
J. la C. Jansen ◽  
I.S. Villadsen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Level ◽  
Plant Configuration ◽  
Composite Samples

In Sweden many advanced sewage treatment plants for BOD and phosphorus removal have to be extended with nitrogen removal. Due to existing plant configuration and wastewater composition, denitrification with supply of an external carbon source can be a cost-effective solution in many cases. At the Klagshamn wastewater treatment plant in Malmo investigations for extensive nitrogen removal have been made in a single-sludge system with pre-precipitation and post-denitrification where methanol was added for denitrification. Results from the tests showed that a high level of nitrogen removal can be reached, and that the process was stable and easy to operate. The process application gave less supplementary cost for an extended nitrogen removal than for upgrading the plant with larger basin volumes. In order to examine the purification performance caused by the addition of methanol, the starting period was followed extensively with online nitrate sensors and daily composite samples. The development of the denitrif ication capacity of the sludge with methanol and acetate as carbon sources was followed and microbiological changes were examined microscopically. Complete denitrification was obtained after approximately one month at 10°C. The denitrification capacity of the sludge with methanol reached that of acetate after about the same time. The microscopic examination revealed a growing population of budding and/or appendaged bacteria, presumably Hyphomicrobium spp, reaching a stable maximum at the time when optimal nitrate removal occurred.

Effects of Solid Organic Carbon on Nitrate Remove in Groundwater

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 2285-2289
Author(s):  
Yun Xiao Jin ◽  
Hai Mei Fu
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Filling Material ◽  
Solid Carbon ◽  
Solid Carbon Source ◽  
Source Materials ◽  
Potential Carbon

In groundwater, the lack of carbon source is a key problem of in-situ denitrification. It is very important to choose appropriate solid carbon-source materials. In this work, wheatstraw and sawdust were selected as potential carbon sources to evaluate the performance for in-situ biological denitrification in groundwater by column experiments. The results showed that sawdust was a suitable corbon source with less release of nitrogen compounds and relatively stable release of organic carbon, compared with wheatstraw, and was applicable for further use as a filling material in in-situ ground water bioremediation.

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