Enhanced Heterotrophic Denitrification for the Treatment of Nitrate Contaminated Groundwater by Wheat Straw

2013 ◽  
Vol 316-317 ◽  
pp. 625-628
Author(s):  
Jian Mei Zhang ◽  
Chuan Ping Feng ◽  
Si Qi Hong ◽  
Hui Ling Hao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Contaminated Groundwater ◽  
Column Experiments ◽  
Inlet Concentration ◽  
Reducing Conditions ◽  
Organic Carbon Sources ◽  
Heterotrophic Denitrification

The method of the heterotrophic denitrification remediation of nitrate-polluted groundwater involves the study of organic carbon sources as electron donor. The aim of the present study was to evaluate wheat straw for its ability to enhance denitrification in column experiments. The inlet concentration was 50.0 mgNO3--N/L and the column operated at the flow rate of 2.0 ml/min. The result showed that in the presence of wheat straw, highly reducing conditions were generated and complete removal of nitrate (>95%) was achieved, with less accumulation of nitrite. Consequently, wheat straw is an attractive carbon source for groundwater denitrification.

Comparative Analysis of Nitrate Removal in Sub-Surface Flow Constructed Wetlands by Different External Carbon Sources

2014 ◽  
Vol 1073-1076 ◽  
pp. 779-783
Author(s):  
Patience Awhavbera ◽  
Lian Fang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
External Carbon Source ◽  
N Removal

External carbon sources provide additional nutrients that improve the efficiency of nitrate removal in constructed wetlands. Typha angustifolia L. were planted in four vertical subsurface-flow constructed wetlands. Different external carbon sources were fed into the columns, to investigate and compare their treatment of nitrate in synthetic wastewater, with initial influent C/N ratio of 1:1. Wetland A (WA) with 50g wheat straw as external carbon source, wetland B (WB) with 50g woodchips, wetland C (WC) with additional 10mg/L glucose and wetland D (WD) without external carbon source to serve as the control, were used in the lab-scale experimental study. WA, WB, WC and WD within a period of 24 days, cumulatively removed 109.38mg/L, 93.75mg/L, 85.14mg/L, and 64.01mg/L nitrate, respectively, from the influent. The nitrate-nitrogen (NO3–N) removal efficiency as aided by the external carbon sources was in the order: wheat straw > woodchips > glucose > control. Wheat straw treated 93% NO3–N, woodchips 78%, glucose 72% and the control 53%. The results indicate that WA, WB and WC outperformed the control system, due to the additional carbon sources. In general, the wheat straw had a better performance than wood chips and glucose. Thus, wheat straw as low cost biological waste product is recommended for the treatment of nitrate in wetlands.

Biodegradation of RDX-contaminated wastes in a nitrogen-deficient environment

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 219-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Ronen ◽  
A. Brenner ◽  
A. Abeliovich
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Carbon Adsorption ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
Available Carbon ◽  
Waste Mixture

A feasible biological treatment process for RDX-contaminated wastes was demonstrated in a bench-scale system, using real wastewater of a munitions factory. The wastewater mixture tested included the nitramine RDX together with high levels of nitrate and various organic solvents such as cyclohexanone and acetone. The purpose of the study was to remove both RDX and nitrate in order to prevent groundwater contamination. A two-stage reactor system including an anoxic stage followed by an aerobic one was tested. The anoxic stage was aimed at removing nitrate by denitrification, using available carbon sources present in the waste mixture. Additional supply of carbon source (acetone) was required to support complete removal of nitrate. Further removal of residual organic was achieved in the aerobic stage together with total mineralization of RDX. Complete removal of nitrate in the anoxic stage was found to be crucial to RDX mineralization in the aerobic stage, since RDX was used solely as a nitrogen source. Additional carbon source (cyclohexanone) was also required in the aerobic stage to assure complete removal of RDX. The treatment scheme tested may be a cost-effective alternative to physico-chemical treatments such as carbon adsorption and UV destruction, commonly applied for explosives-contaminated wastes.

Effect on the Characteristic and Properties of Carbon Coated LiFePO4/C Composite

2011 ◽  
Vol 689 ◽  
pp. 367-371
Author(s):  
Yu Li Zhang ◽  
Zhi Jian Liu ◽  
Jian Hua Xia ◽  
Xi Lin ◽  
Lu Xing Chen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Thermal Reduction ◽  
Reduction Technique ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Tap Density ◽  
Organic Carbon Sources ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Carbon Coated

LiFePO4/C composite with different types of organic carbon sources has been synthesized by carbon thermal reduction technique. The physical characteristics and electrochemical properties of LiFePO4/C composite have been studied compared with commercial products. It is shown that good carbon-coated LiFePO4/C composite can be obtained with 13wt.% glucose as carbon source, which has effected on the good processing performance due to its suitable specific surface area of 26.3m2/g and high tap density of 1.3g/cm3. Furthermore, it has contributed to the high-rate electrochemical property with discharge capacity of 128mAh/g at 1C (1C=170 mAh/g).

The rate of iron corrosion for different organic carbon sources during biofilm formation

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 489-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.-K. Park ◽  
S.-C. Choi ◽  
Y.-K. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Humic Substances ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Iron Corrosion ◽  
Organic Carbon Sources ◽  
Biofilm Bacteria

The effects of total organic carbon and biofilm on microbial corrosion were quantified using serum bottles in a 2×2 factorial design. Both organic carbon and biofilm bacteria had a significant effect on the iron corrosion rate, irrespective of the levels of the other variable (p=0.05). There was no evidence of interaction between organic carbon and biofilm bacteria. Within the tested levels, the addition of exogenous organic carbon increased the corrosion rate by an average of 3.838 mg dm−2 day−1 (mdd), but the presence of biofilm bacteria decreased the rate by an average of 2.305 mdd. More iron was released from the coupon in response to organic carbon. Powder x-ray diffractometry indicated that the scales deposited on the corroded iron surface consisted primarily of lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH), magnetite (Fe3O4) and hematite (α-Fe2O3). Corrosion rates by different organic carbon sources, i.e. acetate, glucose and humic substances, were compared using an annular biofilm reactor. One-way ANOVA suggested that the effect of each carbon source on corrosion was not the same, with the iron corrosion rate highest for glucose, followed by acetate, humic substances and the control. Magnetite was a major constituent of the corrosion products scraped from iron slides. Examination of community-level physiological profile patterns on the biofilms indicated that acetate was a carbon source that could promote the metabolic and functional potentials of biofilm communities.

Behavior of solid carbon sources for biological denitrification in groundwater remediation

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 1696-1704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianmei Zhang ◽  
Chuanping Feng ◽  
Siqi Hong ◽  
Huiling Hao ◽  
Yingnan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Groundwater Remediation ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Denitrification Activity ◽  
Leaching Experiments ◽  
Potential Carbon ◽  
Stimulation Of

The present study was conducted to compare the behavior of wheat straw, sawdust and biodegradable plastic (BP) as potential carbon sources for denitrification in groundwater remediation. The results showed that a greater amount of nitrogen compounds were released from wheat straw and sawdust than from BP in leaching experiments. In batch experiments, BP showed higher nitrate removal efficiency and longer service life than wheat straw and sawdust, which illustrated that BP is the most appropriate carbon source for stimulation of denitrification activity. In column experiments, BP was able to support complete denitrification at influent nitrate concentrations of 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90 mg NO3−-N/L, showing corresponding denitrification rates of 0.12, 0.14, 0.17, 0.19, and 0.22 mg NO3−-N.L−1.d−1.g−1, respectively. These findings indicate that BP is applicable for use as a carbon source for nitrate-polluted groundwater remediation.

Effects of Different Organic Carbon Sources on Properties of LiFePO4/C Synthesized by Spray-Drying

2014 ◽  
Vol 535 ◽  
pp. 725-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Lu ◽  
Lin Chen ◽  
Yun Bo Chen ◽  
Yi Jie Gu ◽  
Meng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Carbon Source ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Tap Density ◽  
Organic Carbon Sources

LiFePO4/C materials were synthesized by spray-drying using FePO4·2H2O, LiOH·H2O as raw materials, with three kinds of organic carbon sources: soluble starch, crystal sugar and glucose. The particle size, tap density, specific surface area, morphology, structure and electrochemical properties of the LiFePO4/C were tested and analyzed. The results indicate that the organic carbon source has no effect on the phase of LiFePO4, but has a remarkable influence on the tap density and specific surface area of LiFePO4. The LiFePO4/C synthesized with crystal sugar and glucose has higher tap density, smaller particle size and specific surface area. The LiFePO4/C synthesized with the glucose as the carbon source exhibited the most excellent electrochemical performance. The discharge capacities are 160.6, 148.5 and 114.1mAh/g respectively at 0.1C, 1C and 5C. Under low temperature 253K, the discharge capacity is 56.2% of that at 298K with 0.2C.

scholarly journals Effect of cultivation conditions on ligninolytic enzyme production by Ganoderma carnosum

2009 ◽  
pp. 289-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmina Simonic ◽  
Jelena Vukojevic ◽  
Mirjana Stajic ◽  
Jasmina Glamoclija
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Phenol Red ◽  
Plant Raw Materials

Ganoderma carnosum has been found in Europe only, at coniferous trees and it is difficult to distinguish it morphologically from G. lucidum. Since G. carnosum has not been studied biochemically yet, the aim of this study was to analyse its ability to produce Mn-dependent peroxidase (MnP), versatile peroxidase (VP) and laccase (Lac) under conditions of solid-state fermentation of selected plant raw materials as carbon sources, in the presence of different nitrogen concentrations in the medium. Wheat straw, corn stem, oak and grapevine sawdust were the analysed plant raw materials. Nitrogen source in synthetic medium was NH4NO3 and its concentrations were: 10mM N and 20 mM N. Enzyme activity was determined spectrophotometrically, using ABTS and phenol red, as the substrates for Lac and Mn-oxidizing peroxidases, respectively. Maximum level of MnP activity (56.82 U/l) was obtained in the medium with wheat straw and nitrogen concentration of 10 mM. Best carbon source for VP production was grapevine sawdust at nitrogen concentration of 10 mM (80.80 U/l). The obtained Lac activity was very low in the medium with wheat straw (1.80 U/l), while it was not detected in the presence of other three analyzed plant raw materials. Maximum of total protein content (0.06 mgml-1) was noted in the medium where oak sawdust was carbon source and nitrogen concentration was 20 mM.

scholarly journals Effects of Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in Paraguay

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-60
Author(s):  
Andres D. Sanabria-Velazquez ◽  
Anna L. Testen ◽  
Guillermo A. Enciso ◽  
Laura C. Soilan ◽  
Sally A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Soil Disinfestation ◽  
Anaerobic Soil Disinfestation ◽  
Reducing Conditions

The effects of anaerobic soil disinfestation (ASD) on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum sclerotia viability was tested in four field trials in Paraguay. Plots were amended with wheat bran (20.2 Mg/ha), molasses (10.1 Mg/ha), or wheat bran (20.2 Mg/ha) plus molasses (10.1 Mg/ha), saturated with water, and covered with black plastic mulch for 3 weeks. Control plots were not amended but were saturated and either covered (anaerobic control) or maintained uncovered (aerobic control). Tubes painted with iron oxide paint were placed in soils to assess soil reducing conditions. Sclerotia were buried 6 cm deep in treated and control soils along with temperature data loggers. After 3 weeks, the viability of sclerotia was significantly lower in all ASD-treated soils (4 to 52%) compared with the aerobic control soil (100%), regardless of the carbon source used. Sclerotial viability was also significantly reduced compared with anaerobic controls at three sites, depending on the carbon source used. A significant negative correlation between soil reducing conditions and sclerotia viability was observed at all sites. Wheat bran and molasses are widely available and inexpensive in Paraguay, and ASD with these carbon sources provides smallholder South American vegetable farmers with a new option for sustainable management of Sclerotinia and potentially other soilborne pathogens.

Effects of Nitrate Concentration on Heterotrophic Denitrification in Wastewater Using Poly (Butylene Succinate) as a Carbon Source and Carrier

2014 ◽  
Vol 665 ◽  
pp. 469-478
Author(s):  
Guo Zhi Luo ◽  
Wen Jing Sun ◽  
Qian Liu ◽  
Yu Hu ◽  
Hong Xin Tan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Butylene Succinate ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Biofilm Carrier ◽  
Heterotrophic Denitrification

Biodegradable polymer pellets (BDPs) can act as biofilm carrier and as water insoluble carbon source for denitrification simultaneously, which is accessible only by enzymatic attack. It is expected that organic carbon source for heterotrophic denitrification by using BDPs will not be overdose or shortage. The current batch experiment was conducted to examine if the PBS would supply enough carbon source to the denitrification with high concentration nitrate. The initial nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) concentrations were 100 mg NO3-N/l (T1), 300 mg NO3-N/l (T2) and 500 mg NO3-N/l (T3) respectively. The results showed that the initial nitrate concentrations have significant effects on the removal of nitrate nitrogen and total nitrogen (TN) using PBS as carbon source. The efficiencies of removal of nitrate and TN in T1 were almost 100%. The amounts of NO3--N and TN that were removed in T2 were 286.60±6.66 mg NO3-N/g PBS (in dry wt), which was significantly higher than that of T1 and T3. Accumulation of ammonium and nitrite were observed in T2 and T3. The morphological changes and the weight losses observed for PBS granules indicated that good degradation occurred in static denitrification environments. But the insufficient of carbon sources for denitrification in T2 and T3 was observed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document