Modeling bioaugmentation with nitrifiers in membrane bioreactors

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Mannucci ◽  
Giulio Munz ◽  
Gualtiero Mori ◽  
Jacek Makinia ◽  
Claudio Lubello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Linear Correlation ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Membrane Bioreactors ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Preliminary Step ◽  
Temperature Time ◽  
Activated Sludge Models

Bioaugmentation with nitrifiers was studied using two pilot-scale membrane bioreactors, with the purpose of assessing the suitability of state-of-the-art activated sludge models (ASMs) in predicting the efficiency of bioaugmentation as a function of operating conditions. It was demonstrated that the temperature difference between seeding and seeded reactors (ΔT) affects bioaugmentation efficiency. Experimental data were accurately predicted when ΔT was within a range of up to 10 °C at the higher range, and when the temperature was significantly lower in the seeded reactor compared to the seeding one, standard ASMs overestimated the efficiency of bioaugmentation. A modified ASM, capable of accurately representing the behavior of seeded nitrifying biomass in the presence of high ΔT, would require the inclusion of the effect of temperature time gradients on nitrifiers. A simple linear correlation between ΔT and the Arrhenius coefficient was proposed as a preliminary step.

Modification of submerged membrane bioreactors (MBRs) by inserting baffles: pilot scale study

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kimura ◽  
M. Enomoto ◽  
Y. Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Membrane Bioreactor ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Membrane Bioreactors ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Simple Modification ◽  
Anoxic Conditions ◽  
Scale Experiment

Submerged membrane bioreactors (MBRs) have been gaining in popularity in various types of wastewater treatment. One drawback of submerged MBRs is difficulty in removing nitrogen as they are accompanied with intensive aeration inside the reactor and therefore principally operated under aerobic conditions. In order to address this problem, a simple modification for submerged MBRs, insertion of baffles to create alternative aerobic/anoxic conditions, was proposed. In this study, the performance of the proposed baffled membrane bioreactor (BMBR) was investigated based on a pilot-scale experiment using a real municipal wastewater. With appropriate operating conditions, the BMBR could remove more than 70% of total nitrogen contained in the feed water without any external carbon source. The BMBR demonstrated a good treatment performance in terms of TOC and phosphorus removal as well. Increase of trans-membrane pressure difference was subtle, which might be attributed to the alternative creation of aerobic/anoxic conditions.

VARIABLES INFLUENCING THE PREPARATION OF INFLUENZA VACCINES WITH FORMALDEHYDE

1959 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Polley
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Influenza Vaccines ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Virus Inactivation ◽  
Large Margin ◽  
Margin Of Safety ◽  
Temperature Time

The effect of temperature, time of treatment, and the pH of the medium on the preparation of influenza vaccines with formaldehyde has been studied. It was found that both the infectivity and the hemagglutinin were destroyed more quickly as the pH was increased above pH 6 and the margin of safety that exists between virus inactivation and loss of antigenicity increased as the pH was decreased to about 6. From the experimental data it was possible to select numerous conditions of treatment which had a large margin of safety between virus inactivation and loss of antigenicity. Vaccines prepared with formaldehyde under various conditions and then lyophilized had retained their antigenicity after storage for [Formula: see text] years.

scholarly journals DTA and TGA study of MeSo4 (Me = Fe, Co, Ni) dissociation in the presence of coke

2002 ◽  
Vol 38 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 103-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.S. Boyanov
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Dissociation Temperature ◽  
Non Ferrous Metals ◽  
Temperature Time

MeSO4 (Me = Fe, Co, Ni) dissociation is investigated in order to estimate the effect of temperature, time and presence of coke as reducer on the degree and mechanism of dissociation. It is proved that the presence of coke decreases the dissociation temperature considerably and increases the degree of MeSO4 dissociation. Based on the obtained experimental data, a mechanism of the processes is proposed. The obtained results can be used in the industrial production of non-ferrous metals for explaining the processes that take place in the reduction of zinc and lead cakes in order to achieve favorable environmental, technical and economic results.

Modelling of biological nitrogen removal during treatment of piggery wastewater

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Béline ◽  
H. Boursier ◽  
F. Guiziou ◽  
E. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Free Ammonia ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Nitrification Rate ◽  
Nitrite Accumulation ◽  
Piggery Wastewater ◽  
Pilot Scale Reactor

During this study, a mathematical model simulating piggery wastewater treatment was developed, with the objective of process optimisation. To achieve this, the effect of temperature and free ammonia concentration on the nitrification rate were experimentally studied using respirometry. The maximum growth rates obtained were higher for ammonium-oxidising biomass than for nitrite-oxidising biomass for the temperatures above 20 °C; values at 35 °C were equal to 1.9 and 1.35 day−1, respectively. No inhibition of nitrification was observed for free ammonia concentrations up to 50 mgN/L. Using these data with others experimental data obtained from a pilot-scale reactor to treat piggery wastewater, a model based on a modified version of the ASM1 was developed and calibrated. In order to model the nitrite accumulation observed, the ASM1 model was extended with a two-step nitrification and denitrification including nitrite as intermediate. Finally, the produced model called PiWaT1 demonstrated a good fit with the experimental data. In addition to the temperature, oxygen concentration was identified as an important factor influencing the nitrite accumulation during nitrification. Even if some improvements of the model are still necessary, this model can already be used for process improvement.

Experimental study and first thermodynamic law analysis of a solar water heater system

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid Madadi ◽  
Hamid Beheshti ◽  
Touraj Tavakoli ◽  
Amir Rahimi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Solar Water Heater ◽  
System Efficiency ◽  
System Behavior ◽  
Water Heater ◽  
Solar Water

AbstractThe performance of a pilot scale flat plate solar water heater system is investigated theoretically and experimentally. The effect of the operating conditions and characteristic factors of the collector on the system efficiency is studied. A conceptual mathematical model is developed in order to analyze the system behavior in different operating conditions by considering the physical and constructive aspects of the system. The accuracy of the model result is estimated by comparing the model results with the existing experimental data. The highest obtained system thermal efficiency is 45%, and the optimum local values for surface azimuth and tilt angles are obtained at 180 degrees from north and 33 degrees, respectively, for the constructed solar water heater in Isfahan, Iran, with the local latitude of

Proteins causing membrane fouling in membrane bioreactors

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 844-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taro Miyoshi ◽  
Yuhei Nagai ◽  
Tomoyasu Aizawa ◽  
Katsuki Kimura ◽  
Yoshimasa Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Membrane Bioreactors ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
2D Page ◽  
Side Stream ◽  
Significant Difference

In this study, the details of proteins causing membrane fouling in membrane bioreactors (MBRs) treating real municipal wastewater were investigated. Two separate pilot-scale MBRs were continuously operated under significantly different operating conditions; one MBR was a submerged type whereas the other was a side-stream type. The submerged and side-stream MBRs were operated for 20 and 10 days, respectively. At the end of continuous operation, the foulants were extracted from the fouled membranes. The proteins contained in the extracted foulants were enriched by using the combination of crude concentration with an ultrafiltration membrane and trichloroacetic acid precipitation, and then separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE). The N-terminal amino acid sequencing analysis of the proteins which formed intensive spots on the 2D-PAGE gels allowed us to partially identify one protein (OmpA family protein originated from genus Brevundimonas or Riemerella anatipestifer) from the foulant obtained from the submerged MBR, and two proteins (OprD and OprF originated from genus Pseudomonas) from that obtained from the side-stream MBR. Despite the significant difference in operating conditions of the two MBRs, all proteins identified in this study belong to β-barrel protein. These findings strongly suggest the importance of β-barrel proteins in developing membrane fouling in MBRs.

scholarly journals Contributions on experimental research of fuel consumption and management system in K9K892 Diesel engine from Dacia-Renault

2018 ◽  
Vol 184 ◽  
pp. 01018
Author(s):  
Doru Baldean ◽  
Adela-Ioana Borzan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Management System ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Operating Regime ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Socio Economic Development

The present paper develops an experimental study that highlights some aspects of fuel consumption in engine's cylinders in order to outline the influence of engine's management system and operating conditions upon economy and fuel consumption, with corresponding effect on sustainability and adequate socio-economic development. The present work makes a theoretical and applied enquiry in the system features from Euro 5 diesel engine management in relation with fuel consumption and different driving scenarios. There were closely monitored engine temperatures, driving stiles and the values displayed ON-BOARD-DIAGNOSIS screens. The importance and opportunity for experimental inquiry of the fuel consumption and economy problems in compression ignited engine resides in the state of the art equipment and managing systems available today for monitoring all the engine's activities and for making possible to outline the economical operating regime, in order to reduce undesired losses. The experimental data are analyzed in detail.

Development of a Kinetic Model for Modeling the Industrial VGO Hydrocracker Accompanied By Deactivation

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azita Barkhordari ◽  
Shohreh Fatemi ◽  
Mahdi Daneshpayeh ◽  
Hossain Zamani
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Kinetic Model ◽  
Catalyst Deactivation ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Silica Alumina ◽  
Parallel Reactions

Two types of kinetic modeling, continuous and discrete lump model were studied and compared in this research in order to model the industrial scale VGO hydrocracking process. The experimental data obtained from a pilot-scale fixed bed reactor over Ni-Mo/Silica-Alumina catalyst in a wide range of operating conditions was used for prediction and tuning the kinetic parameters using Genetic algorithm. In this study, the discrete lump model with four parallel reactions to four lumped products showed more convergence to the experimental data than the continuous lump model. Afterward, the discrete kinetic model was used to simulate the vacuum gas oil (VGO) industrial hydrocracking reaction accompanied by catalyst deactivation. The activity of the catalyst was taken as a time dependent variable and the first year of operational data were used to derive the deactivation parameter. The refinery test runs spanning over the last two and half years of operation were used to validate the model and interpret the simulation results. A comparison between the industrial and the predicted data showed that there is a good agreement between them and the presented model provides a reasonable fit to estimate the product yields of LPG, naphtha, kerosene, diesel.

Application of a Pilot-Scale Pulsed Electrocoagulation system to OCC-Based Paper Mill Effluent

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUAN-SHING PERNG ◽  
EUGENE I-CHEN WANG ◽  
SHIH-TSUNG YU ◽  
AN-YI CHANG
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Water Quality Indicators ◽  
Paper Mill Effluent ◽  
Treated Effluent ◽  
True Color

Trends toward closure of white water recirculation loops in papermaking often lead to a need for system modifications. We conducted a pilot-scale study using pulsed electrocoagulation technology to treat the effluent of an old corrugated containerboard (OCC)-based paper mill in order to evaluate its treatment performance. The operating variables were a current density of 0–240 A/m2, a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 8–16 min, and a coagulant (anionic polyacrylamide) dosage of 0–22 mg/L. Water quality indicators investigated were electrical con-ductivity, suspended solids (SS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and true color. The results were encouraging. Under the operating conditions without coagulant addition, the highest removals for conductivity, SS, COD, and true color were 39.8%, 85.7%, 70.5%, and 97.1%, respectively (with an HRT of 16 min). The use of a coagulant enhanced the removal of both conductivity and COD. With an optimal dosage of 20 mg/L and a shortened HRT of 10 min, the highest removal achieved for the four water quality indicators were 37.7%, 88.7%, 74.2%, and 91.7%, respectively. The water qualities thus attained should be adequate to allow reuse of a substantial portion of the treated effluent as process water makeup in papermaking.

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