Radionuclides in wastewater treatment plants: monitoring of Sicilian plants

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alida Cosenza ◽  
Salvatore Rizzo ◽  
Antonio Sansone Santamaria ◽  
Gaspare Viviani
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Solid Samples ◽  
Mixed Liquor ◽  
Sludge Retention Time ◽  
Sampling Campaign

Three Sicilian wastewater treatment plants were monitored to assess the occurrence and the behaviour of radionuclides. Two sampling campaigns (screening and long-term) were carried out during which liquid and solid samples have been analysed. It was found that 131I mostly occurred in the samples analysed during the screening campaign (43% of the analysed samples contained 131I). High 131I specific activity was found in the mixed liquor, recycled sludge and dehydrated sludge samples. This finding was mainly due to the tendency of 131I to be associated with solid particles. During the long-term sampling campaign an influence of the sludge retention time (SRT) on the 131I behaviour was found. Increasing the SRT and consequently decreasing the fraction of active organic biomass inside the system, the specific activity of 131I decreases.

Relevance of the sludge retention time (SRT) as design criteria for wastewater treatment plants for the removal of endocrine disruptors and pharmaceuticals from wastewater

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Kreuzinger ◽  
M. Clara ◽  
B. Strenn ◽  
H. Kroiss
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Endocrine Disruptors ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Pharmaceutically Active Compounds ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Sludge Retention Time ◽  
Nitrification Process ◽  
Activated Sludge Systems

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) represent a significant source for the input of micro pollutants as endocrine disruptors (EDs) or pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) into the aquatic environment. Treatment efficiency of WWTPs often is reported, taking into account only inflow and effluent concentrations without further specification of the WWTP investigated. In order to allow comparison and evaluation of the removal efficiency of different layouts and concepts in wastewater treatment, additional information like the sludge retention time (SRT) and sludge load (F/M ratio) are necessary. Presented results from different WWTPs show correlation of removal of EDs and PhACs to the SRT. Compared to WWTPs with high F/M ratio implementation of the nitrification process on WWTPs results in a significant increase of the removal efficiency for EDs and PhACs. This paper describes an approach to determine comparable removal rates for different activated sludge systems based on mass balance and SRT.

scholarly journals Long-term investigation of phosphorus removal by iron electrocoagulation in small-scale wastewater treatment plants

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 1304-1311 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Mishima ◽  
M. Hama ◽  
Y. Tabata ◽  
J. Nakajima
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Phosphorus Release ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Iron Electrolysis

Abstract Small-scale wastewater treatment plants (SWTPs), called Johkasou, are widely used as decentralized and individual wastewater treatment systems in sparsely populated areas in Japan. Even in SWTPs, nutrients should be removed to control eutrophication. An iron electrolysis method is effective to remove phosphorus chemically in SWTPs. However, it is necessary to determine the precise conditions under which phosphorus can be effectively and stably removed in full scale SWTPs for a long period. Therefore, long-term phosphorus removal from SWTPs was investigated and optimum operational conditions for phosphorus removal by iron electrolysis were analyzed in this study. Efficient phosphorus removal can be achieved for a long time by adjusting the amount of iron against the actual population equivalent. The change of the recirculation ratio had no negative effect on overall phosphorus removal. Phosphorus release to the bulk phase was prevented by the accumulated iron, which was supplied by iron electrolysis, resulting in stable phosphorus removal. The effect of environmental load reduction due to phosphorus removal by iron electrolysis was greater than the cost of power consumption for iron electrolysis.

Characterization of screenings from three municipal wastewater treatment plants in the Region Rhône-Alpes

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 525-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Le Hyaric ◽  
J.-P. Canler ◽  
B. Barillon ◽  
P. Naquin ◽  
R. Gourdon
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Production Rates ◽  
Sampling Campaign ◽  
Average Production ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

The objective of this study was to analyze the composition of the screenings sampled from three municipal wastewater treatment plants (wwtp) located in the Region Rhône-Alpes, France. The plants were equipped with multi screening stages with gap sizes ranging from 60 to 3 mm. Waste production flows from each plant were monitored over at least 48 hours in each sampling campaign in order to calculate average production rates. Waste samples of at least 7 kg were collected from each screening stage in each plant at different seasons to evaluate the influence of different parameters on the composition of the waste. An overall 30 samples were thereby collected between May 2007 and February 2008, dried at 80°C for a week, and subsequently hand sorted into 10 fractions of waste materials. Results showed that the average production varied between 0.53 and 3.49 kg (wet mass) per capita per year. The highest production rates were observed during or immediately after rainy weather conditions. The dry matter content ranged between 14.4 and 29.2% of wet mass, and the volatile matter content was between 70.0 and 90.5% of dry mass. The predominant materials in the screenings were found to be sanitary textiles which accounted for 65.2% to 73.6% of dry weight and fines (<20 mm) which accounted for 15.2% to 18.2% of dry weight. These proportions were relatively similar in each plant and each sampling campaign.

Lessons learnt from evaluating full-scale ammonium feedback control in three large wastewater treatment plants

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 1573-1580 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Åmand ◽  
C. Laurell ◽  
K. Stark-Fujii ◽  
A. Thunberg ◽  
B. Carlsson
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Feedback Controllers ◽  
Energy Assessment ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Term Evaluation ◽  
Save Energy

Three large wastewater treatment plants in Sweden participate in a project evaluating different types of ammonium feedback controllers in full-scale operation. The goal is to improve process monitoring, maintain effluent water quality and save energy. The paper presents the outcome of the long-term evaluation of controllers. Based on the experiences gained from the full-scale implementations, a discussion is provided about energy assessment for the purpose of comparing control strategies. The most important conclusions are the importance of long-term experiments and the difficulty of comparing energy consumption based on air flow rate measurements.

scholarly journals Quality control of wastewater treatment operational data by continuous mass balancing: dealing with missing measurements and delayed outputs

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-239
Author(s):  
A. Spindler ◽  
J. Krampe
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Mass Conservation ◽  
Missing Measurements ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
Continuous Mass ◽  
Mass Balancing ◽  
Operational Data

Continuous mass balancing defines a new standard in data quality validation. Likewise relying on the principles of mass conservation it outperforms long-term static mass balancing approaches because faults in data can be assigned to their time of occurrence. This research was carried out with practical application to routine operational data in mind and two major aspects are investigated to make this application feasible. Sludge concentrations of typically balanced components (chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, total phosphate) are not routinely measured in wastewater treatment plants. Therefore they need to be determined from alternative, more frequent measurements such as total suspended solids. To provide the necessary statistical basis for such determination, monthly sludge sampling was found sufficient. Further, contrary to long-term static mass balancing, the effects of delay between input and output loads must not be neglected in continuous mass balancing based on daily data. While a storage/release approach did not give the desired results, the consideration of hydraulic retention (first-order flow dynamics) fundamentally improved the performance of the proposed method.

Legionella prevalence in wastewater treatment plants of Taiwan

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1303-1310 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. W. Huang ◽  
B. M. Hsu ◽  
P. H. Ma ◽  
K. T. Chien
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Wastewater Systems

Legionella is a bacterium that is ubiquitous in natural and artificial aquatic environments. Some species of Legionella are recognized as opportunistic potential human pathogens. We investigated the distribution of Legionella at seventeen WWTPs throughout Taiwan. Legionella were detected in 10 of the 17 WWTPs (58.8%) and 25 of 41 samples (61.0%). In the integrated, hospital, industrial and domestic wastewater systems were 13/18 (72.2%), 7/12 (58.3%), 2/7 (28.6%) and 3/4 (75.0%) of the samples were positive for Legionella, respectively. The most frequently encountered species were L. donaldsonii and uncultured L. spp., which were both found in 10 samples (24.4% of all samples), then followed by L. lytica (4.9%) and L. pneumophila (4.9%). L. anisa was detected in one sample (2.4%). The results of this survey confirm that Legionella are ubiquitous in WWTPs in Taiwan. Therefore, long-term investigations should be conducted to evaluate the overall occurrence of Legionella in WWTPs in Taiwan.

Procuring 230 Football Fields of Membrane - Strategy, Results and Lessons Learned

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-272
Author(s):  
J. Grundestam
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The City ◽  
The Eu

Stockholm is currently one of Europe’s fastest growing cities, with its population increasing by approximately 1.5% per year, corresponding to 15,000 to 20,000 people. Sweden’s commitment to the Baltic Sea Action Plan and the EU Water Directive will lead to more stringent effluent requirements (6 mg-Tot-N/l, 0.2 mg-Tot-P/l and 6 mg-BOD7/l), and wastewater treatment in Stockholm will require major investment to handle these challenges. As Stockholm Vatten’s two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) – Bromma, 320,000 people, and Henriksdal, 780,000 people – are both located in or near residential areas in the city, plant development must be coordinated with its needs on economic, political, sustainable and long-term bases. Both WWTPs being facilities located underground also pose a challenge for any extension works.

scholarly journals Quantifying and predicting antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance genes in waterbodies through a holistic approach: a study in Minnesota, United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Bueno ◽  
Amanda Beaudoin ◽  
William A. Arnold ◽  
Taegyu Kim ◽  
Lara E. Frankson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Study Power ◽  
High Uncertainty

AbstractThe environment plays a key role in the spread and persistence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG) are released into the environment from sources such as wastewater treatment plants, and animal farms. This study describes an approach guided by spatial mapping to quantify and predict antimicrobials and ARG in Minnesota’s waterbodies in water and sediment at two spatial scales: macro, throughout the state, and micro, in specific waterbodies. At the macroscale, the highest concentrations across all antimicrobial classes were found near populated areas. Kernel interpolation provided an approximation of antimicrobial concentrations and ARG abundance at unsampled locations. However, there was high uncertainty in these predictions, due in part to low study power and large distances between sites. At the microscale, wastewater treatment plants had an effect on ARG abundance (sul1 and sul2 in water; blaSHV, intl1, mexB, and sul2 in sediment), but not on antimicrobial concentrations. Results from sediment reflected a long-term history, while water reflected a more transient record of antimicrobials and ARG. This study highlights the value of using spatial analyses, different spatial scales, and sampling matrices, to design an environmental monitoring approach to advance our understanding of AMR persistence and dissemination.

scholarly journals Environmental Impact of the Presence, Distribution, and Use of Artificial Sweeteners as Emerging Sources of Pollution

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ab Qayoom Naik ◽  
Tabassum Zafar ◽  
Vinoy Kumar Shrivastava
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Food Additive ◽  
Artificial Sweeteners ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Water Ecosystem

Artificial sweeteners are posing a new threat to the environment. The water ecosystem is the primary recipient of these emerging contaminants. Once ingested, sufficient amount of these artificial sweeteners escape unchanged from the human body and are added to the environment. However, some are added in the form of their breakdown products through excretion. Artificial sweeteners are resistant to wastewater treatment processes and are therefore continuously introduced into the water environments. However, the environmental behavior, fate, and long-term ecotoxicological contributions of artificial sweeteners in our water resources still remain largely unknown. Some artificial sweeteners like saccharin are used as a food additive in animal feeds. It also forms the degradation product of the sulfonylurea herbicides. All artificial sweeteners enter into the wastewater treatment plants from the industries and households. From the effluents, they finally reside into the receiving environmental bodies including wastewaters, groundwaters, and surface waters. The global production of these sweeteners is several hundred tons annually and is continuously being added into the environment.

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