Assessment on inflow and infiltration in sewerage systems of Kuantan, Pahang

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 2918-2927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiew Thong Yap ◽  
Su Kong Ngien
Keyword(s):  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Intensity Data ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Sewerage System ◽  
Rain Gauges ◽  
Infiltration Rates ◽  
Capacity Reduction ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Inflow and infiltration are important aspects of sewerage systems that need to be considered during the design stage and constantly monitored once the sewerage system is in operation. The aim of this research is to analyse the relationship of rainfall as well as inflow infiltration with sewage flow patterns through data collected from fieldwork. Three sewer pipelines were selected at the residential areas of Taman Lepar Hilir Saujana, Bandar Putra and Kota Sas for data collection. Sewage flow data were collected in terms of flowrate, velocity and depth of flow using flowmeters with ultrasonic sensors that utilize the continuous Doppler effect in the sewer pipelines, while rainfall intensity data were collected using rain gauges installed at the study locations. Based on the result, the average infiltration rates of Qpeak and Qave for the locations were 17% and 21%, which exceeded the respective values of 5% and 10% stated in Hammer and Hammer. The flowrate of wastewater in the sewer pipelines was found to be directly proportional to rainfall. These findings indicate that the sewer pipelines in the study areas may have been affected by capacity reduction, whereas the sewerage treatment plants receiving the wastewater influent may have been overloaded.

Product and Factory Modeling for Production Rate Determination

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Karthik ◽  
Edward B. Magrab
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Lead Time ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Assembly Structure ◽  
Secondary Manufacturing ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Made In

Abstract An intelligent graphical user interface that captures a product’s functional and assembly structure and the factory that will make it are described. The results are then used to evaluate a factory’s production rate for the product. The program requires the product to be either a functionally uncoupled or decoupled design. The interface then: (1) implements a visualization of the functionally decomposed product structure; (2) implements an abstraction of a factory; (3) automatically generates candidate primary manufacturing processes and materials that are compatible with each other based on a very small number of attributes; (4) enables the user to make Make/Buy decisions for the components comprising the product; (5) assists the user in the selection of secondary manufacturing processes that are compatible with the primary manufacturing processes and materials for parts made in-house, and specify the vendor and the supply lead time for outsourced parts; (6) enables the specification of alternate materials and manufacturing processes; (7) implements a visual representation of the assembly structure as specified by the user; and (8) partially automates the creation of the assembly structure, and assists in the selection of assembly methods that are compatible with the materials chosen. In addition, the program assists in the design for assembly by: (1) requiring the product development team to think about the assembly process early in the design stage; (2) providing a visualization of the relationship of all components comprising the product to its other components; (3) requiring the specification of the order in which they are to be assembled; and (4) requiring the selection of assembly processes that are compatible with each other and the materials chosen. It also requires the specification of the capabilities of the factory that is going to make one or more of the components of the product, and requires that Make/Buy decisions for the parts comprising the product be made.

scholarly journals Space–Time Characteristics of Areal Reduction Factors and Rainfall Processes

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 671-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Korbinian Breinl ◽  
Hannes Müller-Thomy ◽  
Günter Blöschl
Keyword(s):  
Return Period ◽  
Lightning Activity ◽  
Convective Activity ◽  
Convective Rainfall ◽  
The West ◽  
Rain Gauges ◽  
Fixed Area ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Reduction Factors

AbstractWe estimate areal reduction factors (ARFs; the ratio of catchment rainfall and point rainfall) varying in space and time using a fixed-area method for Austria and link them to the dominating rainfall processes in the region. We particularly focus on two subregions in the west and east of the country, where stratiform and convective rainfall processes dominate, respectively. ARFs are estimated using a rainfall dataset of 306 rain gauges with hourly resolution for five durations between 1 h and 1 day. Results indicate that the ARFs decay faster with area in regions of increased convective activity than in regions dominated by stratiform processes. Low ARF values occur where and when lightning activity (as a proxy for convective activity) is high, but some areas with reduced lightning activity exhibit also rather low ARFs as, in summer, convective rainfall can occur in any part of the country. ARFs tend to decrease with increasing return period, possibly because the contribution of convective rainfall is higher. The results of this study are consistent with similar studies in humid climates and provide new insights regarding the relationship of ARFs and dominating rainfall processes.

scholarly journals Considering the relationship of slope and soil loss on skid trails in the north of Iran (a case study)

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 339-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Akbarimehr ◽  
H. Jalilvand
Keyword(s):  
Soil Loss ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Slope Gradient ◽  
Slope Length ◽  
The North ◽  
North Of Iran ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

With increasing mechanization of forest harvesting operations the impacts on soil have increased quite dramatically. The objective of this paper was to examine the relationship of slope and soil loss. This research was carried out in parcels 14 and 26 of the third district of Nav-Asalem forest in the north of Iran. Erosion plots were 75, 150 and 225 m<sup>2</sup> with two slope classes. After each rainfall event the amount of runoff was measured; then, a sample was taken to determine the weight of soil loss. The results of correlation analysis by Pearson&rsquo;s test between soil loss and slope classes, soil loss and slope length showed that there was a significant (P &lt; 0.05) and positive correlation between the mentioned factors. Also, linear regression between soil loss, slope length and slope gradient was significant. It could be concluded that studying and underlying factors that increase soil loss such as soil type, rainfall intensity, should also be taken into consideration in future. Skid trail construction and skidding should be limited to the slope of &lt; 20%; machine traffic should be restricted. The above-mentioned conclusions can be applied to proper harvesting and management of forest ecosystems.&nbsp; &nbsp;

scholarly journals Redressing the Ocularcentric Culture of architectural design: A Phenomenological and Participatory Approach in VR

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisaveta Boulatova ◽  
Vincent Hui
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Virtual Prototyping ◽  
Participatory Approach ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Digital Space ◽  
Architectural Representation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In the development of architectural representation, the image has become a metonym of architectural experience. This productive tension is maintained by the expectation of fragmented representation to identify and reproduce the experiential and phenomenological dimensions perceived in the physical experience with architecture. Returning to the investigation of representation and perception exemplifies that each new technology introduces a new scale of extension in both design capability and opportunity for feedback. The degree of immersivity introduced by virtual reality technologies elicits several scales of experience. This thesis uses virtual prototyping in the design stage to elicit a product that is not a reflection of intention, but a result of something discovered, evaluated and experienced in immersion prior to realization. An increase in receptivity to the qualities of the design and its context relative to the perceiver has the potential to change the relationship of digital space to digital place.

scholarly journals Redressing the Ocularcentric Culture of architectural design: A Phenomenological and Participatory Approach in VR

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisaveta Boulatova ◽  
Vincent Hui
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Virtual Prototyping ◽  
Participatory Approach ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Digital Space ◽  
Architectural Representation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In the development of architectural representation, the image has become a metonym of architectural experience. This productive tension is maintained by the expectation of fragmented representation to identify and reproduce the experiential and phenomenological dimensions perceived in the physical experience with architecture. Returning to the investigation of representation and perception exemplifies that each new technology introduces a new scale of extension in both design capability and opportunity for feedback. The degree of immersivity introduced by virtual reality technologies elicits several scales of experience. This thesis uses virtual prototyping in the design stage to elicit a product that is not a reflection of intention, but a result of something discovered, evaluated and experienced in immersion prior to realization. An increase in receptivity to the qualities of the design and its context relative to the perceiver has the potential to change the relationship of digital space to digital place.

scholarly journals The Relationship of CPTED and Fear of Crime in Gated and Non-Gated Residential

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Rasidah Md Sakip ◽  
Noraini Johari ◽  
Mohd Najib Mohd Salleh
Keyword(s):  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Residential Design ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
International Publishing ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Open Access Article

The built environment especially in terms of the residential design is believed to be one of the factors influencing crime and the level of fear of crime (FOC). People’s perception of FOC varies considerably depending on their attitude and practices towards environmental conditions. CPTED is one of the most effective mechanisms to reduce FOC. Therefore, this paper investigates the relationship between practices and attitudes of CPTED and FOC in gated and non-gated residential areas. This study found that CPTED perception has a positive relationship with FOC (r=0.36, p<0.01) while CPTED practices has a negative relationship with FOC (r=-0.40, p<0.01).Keywords: Crime; CPTED; fear of crime; built environmenteISSN 2398-4295 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.

scholarly journals Relationship of Outpatient Satisfaction With Services Provided by The Officer in General Clinic of Public Health Services Center Kajhu Aceh Besar

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahrisal Akbar ◽  
Susanti Susanti
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
P Value ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Satisfaction With Services

The existence of community health centers at the moment is still not in line with expectations and desires of the majority of society. Many people who are not satisfied with the services provided by the health workers, it can be seen from many of the patients who still complain. In addition, the attitude of health workers who offend even hurt the feelings of the patient, so that will further lower the level of confidence in the health service. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of outpatient satisfaction with services provided by the officer in general clinic of Public Health Services Center Kajhu Aceh Besar.This research is descriptive analytic with quantitative approach and cross-sectional design. The population in this study were all outpatients who visited in the general clinic of public health services Kajhu Aceh Besar, at least, 4 visits totaling 1508 patients. The sample in this study amounted to 98 people and sampling techniques performed by accidental sampling. This study was conducted on February 1 to 29 in 2008, held at the Public Health Services Center Kajhu Aceh Besar. Data collected by interview using a questionnaire to the respondents.The results of this study were obtained, there is no relationship between the variables availability of health facilities with outpatient satisfaction (p-value = 0.179; df = 1; alpha = 0.05). The relationship between the variables of achievement of health care, patient perception, acceptance of health care with outpatient satisfaction (p-value = 0.000; df = 1; alpha = 0.05). From the results of this research, it is recommended that public health officers can improve public health services in the future. In addition, it is expected that the government to immediately establish a public health services center that is located not far from residential areas, so it can be easily affordable for people who need medical care quickly.Keywords: Public Health, Satisfaction, Patient, Health Services

scholarly journals Hubungan Daerah Tempat Tinggal dengan Gambaran Histopatologi Karsinoma Tiroid pada Masyarakat Sumatera Barat

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eka Putri ◽  
Daan Khambri ◽  
Selfi Renita Rusdji
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
P Value ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Thyroid Carcinomas ◽  
Not At Risk ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstrakKarsinoma tiroid merupakan keganasan kelenjar endokrin yang paling sering ditemukan dan insidennya meningkat setiap tahun. Berdasarkan gambaran histopatologinya, karsinoma tiroid dibagi menjadi tipe papiler, folikuler, meduler, dan anaplastik. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi gambaran histopatologi karsinoma tiroid adalah keadaan geografis, dimana karsinoma tipe folikuler dan anaplastik akan lebih sering ditemukan pada daerah beresiko defisiensi yodium dibandingkan daerah tidak beresiko defisiensi yodium. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan daerah tempat tinggal dengan gambaran histopatologi karsinoma tiroid. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain analitik observasional dengan mengumpulkan data sekunder di Laboratorium Patologi Anatomi FK Unand dan rekam medik RSUP M. Djamil periode Januari 2010 – Desember 2011 Dari penelitian ini ditemukan 102 kasus karsinoma tiroid, dimana 32 kasus bertempat tinggal di daerah beresiko defisiensi yodium dan 70 kasus bertempat tinggal di daerah tidak beresiko defisiensi yodium. Pada daerah beresiko defisiensi yodium, 34,4% merupakan karsinoma folikuler dan anaplastik, dan 65,5% merupakan karsinoma selain folikuler dan anaplastik. Pada daerah tidak beresiko defisiensi yodium, 22,9% merupakan karsinoma folikuler dan anaplastik, dan 77,1% merupakan karsinoma selain folikuler dan anaplastik. Dari analisis statistik hubungan daerah beresiko defisiensi yodium dengan kejadian karsinoma folikuler dan anaplastik berdasarkan uji chi-square didapatkan nilai p =0,33. Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara daerah tempat tinggal dengan gambaran histopatologi karsinoma tiroid pada masyarakat Sumatera Barat pada periode Januari 2010 – Desember 2011. Kata kunci: Gambaran histopatologi karsinoma tiroid, daerah tempat tinggalKata kunci: Gambaran histopatologi karsinoma tiroid, daerah tempat tinggalAbstractThyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine tumor and is increasing in incidence every year. Based on histopathological types, thyroid carcinomas are divided into papillary carcinoma, follicular carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, and anaplastic carcinomas. Factors that can influence the histopathological type of thyroid carcinomas is geographical factor, which follicular and anaplastic type of thyroid carcinomas more frequently found in areas at risk of iodine deficiency than the area not at risk of iodine deficiency.The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of residential areas with histopathologic types of thyroid carcinoma. This analytic research with observational design obtaining secondary data from Pathology Anatomy Laboratory of Medical Faculty of Andalas University and medical record of M. Djamil Hospital in a period of January 2010 – December 2011. From this reseach, found 102 cases of thyroid carcinoma, of which 32 cases residing in areas at risk of iodine deficiency and 70 cases residing in the area are not at risk of iodine deficiency. In areas at risk of iodine deficiency, 34.4% are follicular and anaplastic carcinomas, and 65.5% are papillary carcinomas. In areas not at risk of iodine deficiency, 22.9% are follicular and anaplastic carcinomas, and 77.1% are papillary carcinomas. Statistical analysis of the relationship of the area at risk of iodine deficiency with follicular and anaplastic carcinoma incidence by chi-square test p value = 0.32.There is no significant correlation between residential areas and histopathological types of thyroid carcinoma of West Sumatera society.Keywords:Histopathological types of thyroid carcinoma, residential areas

scholarly journals ANALISIS HUBUNGAN KELIMPAHAN FITOPLANKTON DENGAN KANDUNGAN NITRAT DAN FOSFAT DI PERAIRAN MOROSARI, DEMAK Relationship Analysis of Phytoplankton Abundance to Nitrate and Phosphate in the Morosari Waters, Demak

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-86
Author(s):  
Afiah Nasution ◽  
Niniek Widyorini ◽  
Frida Purwanti
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Phosphate Content ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Phytoplankton Abundance ◽  
Systematic Random Sampling ◽  
Relationship Analysis ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRAK Morosari terletak di kecamatan Sayung, Demak dimana terdapat pemukiman penduduk, kegiatan pariwisata dan perikanan. Aktivitas ini dapat memengaruhi keberadaan organisme di perairan, khususnya fitoplankton. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelimpahan fitoplankton, kandungan nitrat dan fosfat, serta hubungan antara kelimpahan fitoplankton dengan kandungan nitrat dan fosfat di perairan Morosari. Penelitian ini mengacu pada penelitian deskriptif korelasional dengan metode pengambilan sampel acak sistematik dan analisis data dengan analisis regresi dan korelasi Pearson. Penelitian ini berlangsung selama enam bulan dengan pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada bulan Mei 2018 yang berlangsung selama tiga minggu berturut-turut. Data yang diukur meliputi parameter fisika-kimia (temperatur air, kecerahan, kedalaman, arus, pH, salinitas, DO, bahan organik, nitrat dan fosfat) serta kelimpahan fitoplankton, indeks keanekaragaman, keseragaman, dan dominansi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelimpahan fitoplankton tertinggi yaitu dari kelas Bacillariophyceae sebesar 4.362 ind/l, terendah dari kelas Dinophyceae sebesar 163 ind/l, dengan jenis tertinggi yaitu Chaetoceros sp sebesar 1.022 ind/l, dan jenis terendah yaitu Micractinium sp sebesar 7 ind/l. Kandungan nitrat di perairan Morosari berkisar antara 3,99 – 7,09 mg/l, dengan rata-rata keseluruhan sebesar 5,11 mg/l (Eutrofik). Kandungan fosfat berkisar antara 0,01 – 1,13 mg/l, dengan rata-rata keseluruhan sebesar 0,18 mg/l (Eutrofik). Hubungan kelimpahan fitoplankton dengan kandungan nitrat tergolong kategori lemah namun pasti (0,26), sedangkan dengan kandungan fosfat tergolong kuat (0,70) pada taraf kepercayaan 95%. ABSTRACT Morosari located in the sub-district of Sayung, Demak where residential areas, tourism industries and fisheries activities were existed. These activities could affecting the presence of organisms in the waters, especially phytoplankton. This research aimed to determine the abundance of phytoplankton, the content value of nitrate and phosphate, and the relationship of phytoplankton abundance to the content of nitrate and phosphate in the Morosari waters. This research  refers to correlational descriptive research with the systematic random sampling method, and the analysis of relationship carried out by regression analysis. This research has been conducted for six months with sampling started in May 2018 for three weeks consecutively. The data measured included physical-chemical parameters (temperature of water, transparency, depth, current, pH, salinity, DO, organic matter, nitrate and phosphate) as well as abundance, diversity, uniformity, and dominance index. The results showed that the highest phytoplankton abundance was from the Bacillariophyceae class (4.362 ind/l), the lowest was Dinophyceae class (163 ind/l), with the highest species was Chaetoceros sp (1.022 ind/l), and the lowest species was Micractinium sp (7 ind/l). The nitrate content in the Morosari waters ranges from 3.99 - 7.09 mg/l, with an overall average of 5.11 mg/l (Eutrophic). Phosphate content ranged from 0.01 - 1.13 mg/l, with an overall average of 0.18 mg/l (Eutrophic). The abundance of phytoplankton with nitrate content was classified as weak but definite(0.26), while phosphate content was strong (0.70) at 95% confidence level.

scholarly journals Analisis Pola dan Intensitas Curah Hujan Berdasarkan Data TRMM di Sulawesi Tenggara

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Erna Erna ◽  
Muliddin Muliddin ◽  
Jamal Harimudin
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Rainfall Intensity ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Climate Information ◽  
Rainfall Station ◽  
Temporal Aspects ◽  
Weather And Climate ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstrak: Cuaca dan iklim merupakan sebuah proses fenomena di atmosfer yang keberadaannya sangat penting dalam berbagai aktivitas kehidupan. Perhatian mengenai informasi cuaca dan iklim semakin meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya fenomena alam yang tidak lazim terjadi atau biasa disebut dengan cuaca ekstrim yang sulit untuk dikendalikan dan dimodifikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola dan intensitas curah hujan berdasarkan data TRMM di Sulawesi Tenggara berdasarkan aspek temporal. Metode analisis data yaitu analisis korelasi dan uji signifikan untuk mengetahui hubungan data TRMM dengan data stasiun curah hujan, serta menggunakan persamaan Mononobe untuk intensitas curah hujan. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa pola hujan di Sulawesi Tenggara merupakan pola region A tipe monsunal dengan ciri terjadi puncak musim hujan yang terjadi antara bulan Desember, Januari, Februari dan puncak musim kemarau terjadi antara Bulan Agustus dan September. Kecendrungan intensitas curah hujan mengalami kenaikan dengan kala ulang yang lebih lama. Kata Kunci: Curah Hujan, TRMM, Monsunal Abstract: Weather and climate are a process of phenomena in the atmosphere whose existence is very important in various activities life. Concern about weather and climate information is increasing along with the increase in natural phenomena that are not uncommon or commonly referred to as extreme weather that are difficult to control and modify . This study aims to determine rainfall patterns and intensity based on TRMM data in Southeast Sulawesi based on temporal aspects. Data analysis method is correlation analysis and significant test to determine the relationship of TRMM data with rainfall station data, and using the Mononobe equation for rainfall intensity. The results of this study found that the pattern of rain in Southeast Sulawesi is a type of Region A Monsunal pattern characterized by the peak of the rainy season which occurs between December, January, February and the peak of the dry season occurs between August and September. The intensity of rainfall increases with a longer return period. Keywords: Precipitation, TRMM, Monsoonal

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