scholarly journals Investigation of a novel pyrolusite particle electrode effects in the chlorine-containing wastewater

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (7) ◽  
pp. 1427-1437
Author(s):  
Liang Hong ◽  
Qiu Yang ◽  
Zhao Liying ◽  
Chen Yingyan ◽  
Wang Bing
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Phenolic Resin ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Electrode System ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Plate Electrode ◽  
X Ray

Abstract Research on three-dimensional electrode system mainly focuses on the material of plate electrode and catalytic activity, and minimal attention is provided to particle electrode. Pyrolusite was prepared as a novel particle electrode with high active chlorine (ACl) yield. The particle electrode was characterised by scanning electrode microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and electrochemical properties. Results show that the intended pyrolusite particle electrode was prepared successfully. These pyrolusite particle electrodes were applied to degrade sulphonated phenolic resin in chlorine-containing wastewater and displayed an excellent catalytic activity. A total of 68.76 mg/L ACl was produced, and the CODCr removal rate was 49.55%. These results indicated that pyrolusite particle electrode is much more effective than the reference material, that is, granular activated carbon. Furthermore, the product of electrolytic process was characterised by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ultraviolet visible spectrometry (UV-vis). The enhanced mechanism was proposed that the high degradation efficiency could be ascribed to the increase of ACl.

Degradation of Orange IV Catalyzed by Fe/S/GAC in the Presence of H2O2

2012 ◽  
Vol 466-467 ◽  
pp. 458-462
Author(s):  
Ying Jie Zhang ◽  
Shu Fen Xu ◽  
Xia Liao ◽  
Rong Yang ◽  
Da Peng Li
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Heterogeneous Fenton ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Catalytic Reactivity ◽  
Scanning Electron

A new heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst of Fe/S/GAC was prepared by granular activated carbon (GAC) soaked in solution of (NH4)2S2O8 and Fe(NO3)3. The effect of the concentration of (NH4)2S2O8 , Fe(NO3)3, drying temperature and different catalysts on the catalytic reactivity of catalyst was discussed. The removal rate of Orange IV was used to express the catalytic reactivity of the catalyst. The prepared catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), specific surface area (BET) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The removal rate of Orange IV followed second-order kinetics. The catalyst of Fe/S/GAC has higher catalytic activity than that of Fe/GAC.

scholarly journals Study of calcined eggshell as potential catalyst for biodiesel formation using used cooking oil

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1166-1175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.C. Wong ◽  
R.X. Ang
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Optimum Result ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Eggshell Catalyst

AbstractEggshells were utilized as a cost effective catalyst to assist in biodiesel formation. Eggshells were calcined using different calcination conditions such as temperature and time. The eggshells underwent calcination under 1000 °C in which calcium carbonate was completely converted into calcium oxide under open air conditions. The calcined eggshell catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Then the eggshell derived CaO catalyst was subjected to transesterification of used cooking oil (UCO). The parametrics in the transesterification of used cooking oil such as a methanol to oil ratio, weight of catalyst and reaction temperature were evaluated. The optimum result exhibited a 4:1 methanol to oil ratio, 2wt % catalyst, and a 65 °C reaction temperature within two hours. Pure calcined CaO acted as the control of the experiment that was subject to the most optimum eggshell derived catalyst transesterification conditions. The catalytic activity for both the pure calcined CaO and the calcined eggshell derived catalyst were comparable. The biodiesel formation was identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

Synthesis, spectroscopic study, and crystal structure of a new organotin(IV) selenate derivative

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 183-188
Author(s):  
Waly Diallo ◽  
Libasse Diop ◽  
Cheikh Abdoul Khadir Diop ◽  
Hélène Cattey ◽  
Laurent Plasseraud
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Zigzag Chain ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Orthorhombic System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dimensional Network

Abstract The polymeric organotin(IV) selenate complex [(Me3Sn)3(SeO4)(OH)]n (1) has been isolated as single crystals from the reaction of [(Me2NH2)2SeO4] and Me3SnCl in methanol. In the solid state, compound 1 was characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. 1 crystallizes in the orthorhombic system space group Pbca with a=11.0231(2) Å, b=16.3461(3) Å, c=20.9945(4) Å, α=β=γ=90°, V=3782.89(12) Å3, and Z=8. Its structure can be described as a polymeric zigzag chain based on Me3Sn moieties linked by tridentate selenate anions. Pendant (Me3Sn)2OH groups are also connected to the chain, according to a syndiotactic organization, and via Sn-O-Se bonds. Intermolecular OH···O hydrogen bonds and long Se-O···Sn distance interactions promote the association of chains together and lead to the propagation of a three-dimensional network. In addition, the behavior of 1 in solution (methanol) was also studied by multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.

Preparation and Properties Study of Porous Carbon Template Based on SLA

2011 ◽  
Vol 474-476 ◽  
pp. 320-324
Author(s):  
Jie Jin ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
Shen Hao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Porous Carbon ◽  
Phenolic Resin ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Pore System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Carbon Template ◽  
Scanning Electron

Prototypes with micro-pore structure were manufactured by stereolithography technology. The prototypes were injected with mixture of wood flour as porogen and thermosetting phenolic resin as raw, then were pyrolysed after curing and prepared porous carbon templates. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope were employed to analyze the phase and microstructures of the carbon templates. The pyrolysis reaction is analyzed, and the causes of the three-dimensional pore system in porous carbon template are given.

scholarly journals Heterogeneous catalytic ozonation of hydroquinone using sewage sludge-derived carbonaceous catalysts

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 1410-1417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinglu Xu ◽  
Yang Yu ◽  
Kang Ding ◽  
Zhiying Liu ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalytic ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Temperature Programmed

Abstract This study converted sewage sludge into a carbonaceous catalyst via pyrolysis and employed it in the ozonation of hydroquinone. The catalyst was characterized by Mössbauer spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, temperature programmed desorption, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Intermediate products were detected by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and a pathway for hydroquinone degradation was proposed. The results showed that sludge pyrolyzed at 700 °C promoted hydroquinone degradation, compared with commercial activated carbon derived from coal. When the catalyst dose was 0.5 g/L, the hydroquinone (200 mg/L) removal rate reached 97.86% after exposure to ozone (the ozone concentration was 17 mg/L and the flow rate was 50 mL/min) for 60 min. The results indicated that basic groups contributed to the catalysis.

scholarly journals MINYAK KULIT JERUK PAKIS SEBAGAI ESSENTIAL OIL DALAM PEMBUATAN SABUN: EKSTRAKSI DAN KARAKTERISASI

Konversi ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Iryanti Fatyasari Nata ◽  
Yulia Nurul Ma'rifah ◽  
Herlina Herlina
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Orange Peel ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Water Distillation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Orange Peel Oil ◽  
Soap Production

Abstrak- Kulit jeruk pakis (Citrus grandis) merupakan limbah yang dihasilkan dari kegiatan rumah tangga, industri dan pertanian. Dengan proses distilasi kulit jeruk pakis dapat diambil minyaknya sebagai citrus oil yang selanjutnya dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan sabun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan rendemen dan mutu citrus oil dari bahan baku kulit jeruk pakis segar dan dikeringkan (40 oC, 6 jam) dengan metode water distillation. Massa kulit jeruk yang digunakan adalah 200, 300, 400 dan 500 gram diekstraksi selama 3 jam pada 100 °C. Rendemen minyak yang diperoleh untuk kulit jeruk pakis segar berturut-turut pada massa kulit jeruk 200, 300, 400 dan 500 gram ialah  0,888 %, 0,619%, 0,178% dan 0,239% sedangkan untuk kulit jeruk yang keringkan diperoleh rendemen berturut-turut 0,214%, 0,029%,0,074% dan 0,023%. Minyak yang dihasilkan dari kulit jeruk segar dan kering dianalisa dengan Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) mengandung 82,136% limonen. Kulit jeruk pakis sebelum dan sesudah diekstraksi dianalisa dengan Scanning Electro Microscopy (SEM) dan X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) menunjukkan bahwa struktur permukaan setelah ekstrasi menjadi rusak dan struktur kristalinnya tidak mengalami perubahan yang signifikan. Minyak yang dihasilkan selanjutnya direaksikan dengan NaOH 30% untuk menghasilkan sabun. Kadar pH sabun pada konsentrasi (w/v) 1%, 5% dan 10% dalam 100mL air berturut-turut sebesar 9, 10 dan 10 sedangkan kadar air dalam sabun yang diperoleh sebesar 37,25%. Kata Kunci: jeruk pakis, minyak kulit jeruk, water distillation, sabun Abstract- Pakis orange peel is one of wasted product from household, industry and agriculture activities. Pakis orange peel can be extracted by distillation as citrus oil. Furthermore, it can be used as essential oil in production of soap. The purposes of this research  is to compare yield and quality of citrus oil base on fresh and dried  pakis orange peel (40°C, 6 hours) by water distillation methode. The variation mass of orange peel was used  200, 300, 400 and 500 gram then was extracted  for 3 hours at 100°C. The yield of citrus oil from fresh pakis orange peel with weight 200, 300, 400 and 500 gram are 0,888%, 0,619%, 0,178% and 0,239%,  respectively. The dried pakis orange peel was produced citrus oil 0,214%, 0,029%, 0,074% and 0,023%, respectively. The citrus oilwas analyzed by Gas Chromatoghrapy Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) which was contained ca. 82,13% of limonene. Pakis orange peel before and after extraction analyzed with Scanning Electro Microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) were indicated the structure of surface area after extraction has become broken  and the sructure of crystalline structure was not significant changes. Furthermore, citrus oil obtained from extraction was reacted with 30% NaOH for soap production. The pH of soap at concentration 1%, 5% and 10% (w/v) in water  9, 10 and 10, respectively.  The water content in the soap about 37,25%. Keywords: pakis orange, orange peel oil, water distillation, soap

scholarly journals Low molecular weight organic acid salts, markers of old fungi activity in wall paintings

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1637-1645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nati Salvadó ◽  
Salvador Butí ◽  
Trinitat Pradell ◽  
Victòria Beltran ◽  
Gianfelice Cinque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Wall Paintings ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Synchrotron Light ◽  
Scanning Electron

Micro-Infrared Spectroscopy (μSR-FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (μSR-XRD) with synchrotron light, Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (CG/MS), Optical Microscopy (OM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM/EDS) were used to obtain the distribution of calcium salts of low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOA) in micro-layered micro-samples.

scholarly journals Comprehensive analytical and structural characteristics of methyl 3,3-dimethyl-2-(1-(pent-4-en-1-yl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamido)butanoate (MDMB-4en-PINACA)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal P. Dybowski ◽  
Piotr Holowinski ◽  
Rafal Typek ◽  
Andrzej L. Dawidowicz
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Purpose The purpose of the study was to evaluate a complete analytical and structural characterization of methyl 3,3-dimethyl-2-(1-(pent-4-en-1-yl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamido)butanoate (MDMB-4en-PINACA), a novel synthetic cannabinoid being the analogue of 5F-ADB. Methods The compound was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), high-resolution liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS), X-ray diffraction and spectroscopic methods, such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies. To derive MDMB-4en-PINACA molecular geometry and to assign infrared absorption bands, quantum calculations with the employment of density functional theory were also used. Results We present a wide range of chromatographic and spectroscopic data supported with theoretical calculations allowing to identify MDMB-4en-PINACA. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first report presenting a comprehensive analytical and structural characterization of MDMB-4en-PINACA obtained by 1D and 2D NMR, GC–MS, LC–MS(/MS), attenuated total reflection-FTIR spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction and quantum chemical calculations. The presented results not only broaden the knowledge about this psychoactive substance but also are useful for forensic and clinical purposes.

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