scholarly journals Restricted activity and negative self-assessment of health as risk indicators for latent disability analysis performed on population groups different as per sex and age

2021 ◽  
pp. 145-155
Author(s):  
L.N. Natsun ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Sampling Studies ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Research Goal ◽  
Restricted Activity ◽  
Using Data

A necessity to detect and assess probable latent disability makes the present research vital; it can be done using available parameters that characterize population health. Our research object was adult population living in the Russian Federation. Our research goal was to reveal a relation between self-assessment of health and health-related restrictions among respondents form different sex and age groups in order to determine latent disability among overall RF population. Previously Russian researchers revealed certain relations between disability and low self-assessment of one’s health. However, there was no profound study on an issue related to using such criteria as «negative self-assessment of health» and «restricted activities» used to reveal latent dis-ability. This aspect has not been examined in great detail in domestic research and it makes the present work truly vital. We took data collected via the Russian sociologic study performed within the European sociological study (ESS) in 2018–2019 as well as data from sampling studies on pop-ulation in the RF performed by the Federal Statistics Service in 2018 and 2019. To analyze a relation between self-assessment of health and existing restricted activity, we calculated Kramer’s coefficients for different sex and age groups of respondents who took part in the Russian sociologic study. Calculated Kramer’s coefficient values indicate there is an average relation between such parameters as «self-assessment of health» and «existing restricted activity». We established that 7% of respondents who were not disabled still had health characteristics implying there was a disability risk. It was shown that use of such criteria as «self-assessment of health» and «existing restricted activities» allowed more authentic assessment of latent disability among males aged 50–59 and women aged 20–29, 30–39, and 40–49. In future we plan to obtain more accurate results using data from other representative sociologic studies on population including regional ones.

scholarly journals Restricted activity and negative self-assessment of health as risk indicators for latent disability analysis performed on population groups different as per sex and age

2021 ◽  
pp. 145-155
Author(s):  
L.N. Natsun ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Sampling Studies ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Research Goal ◽  
Restricted Activity ◽  
Using Data

A necessity to detect and assess probable latent disability makes the present research vital; it can be done using available parameters that characterize population health. Our research object was adult population living in the Russian Federation. Our research goal was to reveal a relation between self-assessment of health and health-related restrictions among respondents form different sex and age groups in order to determine latent disability among overall RF population. Previously Russian researchers revealed certain relations between disability and low self-assessment of one’s health. However, there was no profound study on an issue related to using such criteria as «negative self-assessment of health» and «restricted activities» used to reveal latent dis-ability. This aspect has not been examined in great detail in domestic research and it makes the present work truly vital. We took data collected via the Russian sociologic study performed within the European sociological study (ESS) in 2018–2019 as well as data from sampling studies on pop-ulation in the RF performed by the Federal Statistics Service in 2018 and 2019. To analyze a relation between self-assessment of health and existing restricted activity, we calculated Kramer’s coefficients for different sex and age groups of respondents who took part in the Russian sociologic study. Calculated Kramer’s coefficient values indicate there is an average relation between such parameters as «self-assessment of health» and «existing restricted activity». We established that 7% of respondents who were not disabled still had health characteristics implying there was a disability risk. It was shown that use of such criteria as «self-assessment of health» and «existing restricted activities» allowed more authentic assessment of latent disability among males aged 50–59 and women aged 20–29, 30–39, and 40–49. In future we plan to obtain more accurate results using data from other representative sociologic studies on population including regional ones.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of the Immune Status Questionnaire (ISQ)

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (23) ◽  
pp. 4743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livia J. F. Wilod Versprille ◽  
Aurora J. A. E. van de Loo ◽  
Marlou Mackus ◽  
Lizanne Arnoldy ◽  
Titia A. L. Sulzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Likert Scale ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Immune Functioning ◽  
Student Sample ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Normal Health

The self-assessment of perceived immune status is important, as this subjective observation leads individuals to decide whether or not to seek medical help or adapt their lifestyle. In addition, it can be used in clinical settings and research. The aim of this series of studies was to develop and validate a short questionnaire to assess perceived immune functioning. Five surveys were conducted among Dutch and International young healthy adults (18–30 years old), and two others among older age groups with various health complaints. For the first study, an existing immune functioning scale was modified and elaborated resulting in 23 immune-health-related items, of which the occurrence was rated on a 5-point Likert scale. A student sample was surveyed, and the results were used to shorten the 23-item listing into a 7-item scale with a predictive validity of 85%. Items include “sudden high fever”, “diarrhea”, “headache”, “skin problems (e.g., acne and eczema)”, “muscle and joint pain”, “common cold” and “coughing”. The scale is named Immune Status Questionnaire (ISQ), and it aims to assess perceived immune status over the preceding year. The second study revealed that the ISQ score correlated significantly with a 1-item perceived immune functioning (r = 0.383, p < 0.0001). In the third study, the final Likert scale descriptors were determined (“never”, “sometimes”, “regularly”, “often” and “(almost) always)”. The fourth study showed that the test–retest reliability of the ISQ is acceptable (r = 0.80). The fifth study demonstrated the association of ISQ scores with various neuropsychological and health correlates in an international sample, including perceived health and immune fitness, as well as levels of stress, fatigue, depression and anxiety. Study 6 demonstrated significant associations between ISQ scores and experiencing irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms in a sample of insomnia patients. Study 7 compared the effect of a dietary intervention in participants reporting “poor health” versus “normal health”. It is shown that ISQ scores can differentiate between those with poor and normal health, and that an effective intervention is associated with a significant improvement in ISQ scores. Data from Study 7 were further used to determine an ISQ cut-off value for reduced immune functioning, and a direct comparison with 1-item perceived immune functioning scores enabled constructing the final scoring format of the ISQ. In conclusion, the ISQ has appropriate face, content, and construct validity and is a reliable, stable and valid method to assess the past 12 month’s perceived immune status.

Life Outlook of Rehabilitation Clients: A Comparative Analysis

1977 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-98
Author(s):  
Richard T. Roessler ◽  
Steven E. Boone
Keyword(s):  
Family Life ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Rehabilitation Services ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Marriage And Family ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Happy Marriage ◽  
Using Data

Because of its motivational significance, time perspective has been a much studied concept. Using data from the Self-anchoring Life Ladder, time perspective, hopes, and fears of rehabilitation clients were examined and contrasted to similar age groups of the U.S. population and college students. Showing an upward trend for all groups, life ladder ratings of past, now, and future indicated an optimistic life outlook. Although comparable on future ratings, rehabilitation clients rated past and present lower than the other two groups. Hopes for rehabilitation clients included economic security, happy marriage and family life, and congenial work. Fears included loss of economic security, no or uncongenial job, and no or unhappy family life. Health related concerns, although not listed as hopes, were listed as fears. Implications of the life ladder data for rehabilitation services are discussed.

scholarly journals Physical Activity and Years of Healthy Life in Older Adults: Results From the Cardiovascular Health Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calvin H. Hirsch ◽  
Paula Diehr ◽  
Anne B. Newman ◽  
Shirley A. Gerrior ◽  
Charlotte Pratt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Health Study ◽  
Cardiovascular Health Study ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Relative Gains

Little is known about how many years of life and disability-free years seniors can gain through exercise. Using data from the Cardiovascular Health Study, the authors estimated the extra years of life and self-reported healthy life (over 11 years) and years without impairment in activities of daily living (over 6 years) associated with quintiles of physical activity (PA) in older adults from different age groups. They estimated PA from the Minnesota Leisure Time Activities Questionnaire. Multivariable linear regression adjusted for health-related covariates. The relative gains in survival and years of healthy life (YHL) generally were proportionate to the amount of PA, greater among those 75+, and higher in men. Compared with being sedentary, the most active men 75+ had 1.49 more YHL (95% CI: 0.79, 2.19), and the most active women 75+ had 1.06 more YHL (95% CI: 0.44, 1.68). Seniors over age 74 experience the largest relative gains in survival and healthy life from physical activity.

scholarly journals Evolution of the prevalence of obesity in the adult population in France, 2013–2016: the Constances study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Czernichow ◽  
Adeline Renuy ◽  
Claire Rives-Lange ◽  
Claire Carette ◽  
Guillaume Airagnes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Trend ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
French Population ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Point Change ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Age And Sex

AbstractThis study provides trends in obesity prevalence in adults from 2013 to 2016 in France. 63,582 men and women from independent samples upon inclusion from the Constances cohort were included. Anthropometrics were measured at Health Screening Centers and obesity defined as a Body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2; obesity classes according to BMI are as follows: class 1 [30–34.9]; class 2 [35–39.9]; class 3 [≥ 40 kg/m2]. Linear trends across obesity classes by sex and age groups were examined in regression models and percentage point change from 2013 to 2016 for each age category calculated. All analyses accounted for sample weights for non-response, age and sex-calibrated to the French population. Prevalence of obesity ranged from 14.2 to 15.2% and from 14 to 15.3% in women and men respectively from 2013 to 2016. Class 1 obesity category prevalence was the only one to increase significantly across survey years in both men and women (p for linear trend = 0.04 and 0.01 in women and men respectively). The only significant increase for obesity was observed in the age group 18–29 y in both women and men (+ 2.71% and + 3.26% point increase respectively, equivalent to an approximate rise of 50% in women and 93% in men, p = 0.03 and 0.02 respectively). After adjustment for survey non-response and for age and sex distribution, the results show that class 1 obesity prevalence has significantly increased in both women and men from 2013 to 2016, and only in young adults in a representative sample of the French population aged 18–69 years old.

scholarly journals Assessing the Relationships Between COVID-19 Stay-at-Home Orders and Opioid Overdoses in the State of Pennsylvania

2021 ◽  
pp. 002204262110063
Author(s):  
Brian King ◽  
Ruchi Patel ◽  
Andrea Rishworth
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Opioid Use Disorder ◽  
Opioid Overdose ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Fentanyl Analogs ◽  
Measure Change ◽  
Using Data ◽  
At Home

COVID-19 is compounding opioid use disorder throughout the United States. While recent commentaries provide useful policy recommendations, few studies examine the intersection of COVID-19 policy responses and patterns of opioid overdose. We examine opioid overdoses prior to and following the Pennsylvania stay-at-home order implemented on April 1, 2020. Using data from the Pennsylvania Overdose Information Network, we measure change in monthly incidents of opioid-related overdose pre- versus post-April 1, and the significance of change by gender, age, race, drug class, and naloxone doses administered. Findings demonstrate statistically significant increases in overdose incidents among both men and women, White and Black groups, and several age groups, most notably the 30–39 and 40–49 ranges, following April 1. Significant increases were observed for overdoses involving heroin, fentanyl, fentanyl analogs or other synthetic opioids, pharmaceutical opioids, and carfentanil. The study emphasizes the need for opioid use to be addressed alongside efforts to mitigate and manage COVID-19 infection.

scholarly journals Analysing the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on everyday travel behaviour in Germany and potential implications for future travel patterns

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktoriya Kolarova ◽  
Christine Eisenmann ◽  
Claudia Nobis ◽  
Christian Winkler ◽  
Barbara Lenz
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Travel Behaviour ◽  
German Population ◽  
Travel Patterns ◽  
Home Office ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction The global Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is having a great impact on all areas of the everyday life, including travel behaviour. Various measures that focus on restricting social contacts have been implemented in order to reduce the spread of the virus. Understanding how daily activities and travel behaviour change during such global crisis and the reasons behind is crucial for developing suitable strategies for similar future events and analysing potential mid- and long-term impacts. Methods In order to provide empirical insights into changes in travel behaviour during the first Coronavirus-related lockdown in 2020 for Germany, an online survey with a relative representative sample for the German population was conducted a week after the start of the nationwide contact ban. The data was analysed performing descriptive and inferential statistical analyses. Results and Discussion The results suggest in general an increase in car use and decrease in public transport use as well as more negative perception of public transport as a transport alternative during the pandemic. Regarding activity-related travel patterns, the findings show firstly, that the majority of people go less frequent shopping; simultaneously, an increase in online shopping can be seen and characteristics of this group were analysed. Secondly, half of the adult population still left their home for leisure or to run errands; young adults were more active than all other age groups. Thirdly, the majority of the working population still went to work; one out of four people worked in home-office. Lastly, potential implications for travel behaviour and activity patterns as well as policy measures are discussed.

scholarly journals Oral Health Related Quality of Life and Prosthetic Status among Institutionalized Elderly from the Bucharest Area: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6663
Author(s):  
Laura Iosif ◽  
Cristina Teodora Preoteasa ◽  
Elena Preoteasa ◽  
Ana Ispas ◽  
Radu Ilinca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Institutionalized Elderly ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Prosthetic Status ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the study was to assess the oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) of elderly in care homes, one of Romania’s most vulnerable social categories, to correlate it to sociodemographic, oral health parameters, and prosthodontic status. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was performed on 58 geriatrics divided into 3 age groups, who were clinically examined and answered the oral health impact profile (OHIP-14) questionnaire. Very high rates of complete edentulism in the oldest-old subgroup (bimaxillary in 64.3%; mandibular in 64.3%; maxillary in 85.7%), and alarming frequencies in the other subgroups (middle-old and youngest-old), statistically significant differences between age groups being determined. The OHIP-14 mean score was 14.5. Although not statistically significant, females had higher OHIP-14 scores, also middle-old with single maxillary arch, single mandibular arch, and bimaxillary complete edentulism, whether they wore dentures or not, but especially those without dental prosthetic treatment in the maxilla. A worse OHRQoL was also observed in wearers of bimaxillary complete dentures, in correlation with periodontal disease-related edentulism, in those with tertiary education degree, and those who came from rural areas. There were no statistically significant correlations of OHRQoL with age, total number of edentulous spaces or edentulous spaces with no prosthetic treatment. In conclusion, despite poor oral health and prosthetic status of the institutionalized elderly around Bucharest, the impact on their wellbeing is comparatively moderate.

scholarly journals Research Trends on Mobile Mental Health Application for General Population: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2459
Author(s):  
Won Ju Hwang ◽  
Ji Sun Ha ◽  
Mi Jeong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Stress Theory ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
General Adult Population ◽  
Health Related

Background: Scoping reviews of the literature on the development and application of mental health apps based on theoretical suggestions are lacking. This study systematically examines studies on the effects and results of mental health mobile apps for the general adult population. Methods: Following PICOs (population, intervention, comparison, outcome, study design), a general form of scoping review was adopted. From January 2010 to December 2019, we selected the effects of mental health-related apps and intervention programs provided by mobile to the general adult population over the age of 18. Additionally, evaluation of methodological quality was assessed using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) checklist. Results: Fourteen studies were analyzed of 1205 that were identified; duplicate and matching studies were excluded. One was a descriptive study and 13 were experimental, of which randomized control trials (RCTs) accounted for 71.4%. Four of the mobile apps were developed based on cognitive behavior theory, one based on stress theory, and one on ecological instant intervention theory. These apps included breathing training, meditation, and music therapy. Stress, depression, and anxiety decreased using these apps, and some were effective for well-being. Conclusion: With the rapid development of technology related to mental health, many mobile apps are developed, but apps based on theoretical knowledge and well-designed research are lacking. Further research and practices should be conducted to develop, test, and disseminate evidence-based mHealth for mental health promotion. RCT studies are needed to expand the application to mental health services to various populations.

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