NON-DEMOCRATIC POLITICAL REGIMES - MAIN VECTORS OF TRANSFORMATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
ANTON V. GRISHIN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Regime ◽  
Gradual Change ◽  
Political Regimes ◽  
Operational Model ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Democratic Regimes ◽  
Cross Country

The article proposes an operational model for comparative analysis of non-democratic political regimes. It is based on the holistic methodology, new institutionalism framework and structural-functional approach. The paper systematizes the theories of foreign and Russian authors towards typology and differentiation between certain types of autocracies. There is a tendency to gradual change in the main research areas in the community of transitology scholars - from “democratic optimism” witnessed at the end of the twentieth century to the analysis of the mechanisms of self-preservation of autocracies, which has gained popularity in recent years. The essence of the "political regime" concept is specified with regard to its static and dynamic aspects. Some differences between democratic and non-democratic regimes are considered. The article explores basic typologies of political regimes, enumerates the characteristics of some types of non-democratic political regimes, and proposes relevant operational definitions. Main vectors of transformations of autocracies, such as liberalization or strengthening of authoritarian tendencies, are indicated. Both of them can be considered either as actions taken so as to preserve the authoritarian system or promote democratization. The operational model elaborated in this paper for the classification of non-democratic political regimes and their transformations can be used to conduct cross-country, as well as cross-temporal comparisons within the framework of case study.

The future of sustainable supply chains: a novel tertiary-systematic methodology

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Piera Centobelli ◽  
Roberto Cerchione ◽  
Livio Cricelli ◽  
Emilio Esposito ◽  
Serena Strazzullo
Keyword(s):  
New Classification ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Sustainable Supply Chains ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Systematic Methodology

Purpose In recent years, economic, environmental and social sustainability has become one of the fastest-growing research fields. The number of primary and secondary papers addressing the triple bottom line is growing significantly, and the supply chain (SC) management discipline is in the same wave. Therefore, this paper aims to propose a novel tertiary systematic methodology to explore, aggregate, categorise and analyse the findings provided by secondary studies. Design/methodology/approach A novel tertiary systematic literature review approach, including 94 secondary studies, is proposed and used to analyse sustainable SC literature. The papers have been analysed using a research protocol, including descriptive and content analysis criteria. Findings This tertiary study does not only provide an overview of the literature on the topic of sustainability in SCs but also goes further, drawing up a categorisation of main research areas and research perspectives adopted by previous researchers. The paper also presents a rank of research gaps and an updated and a prioritised agenda. Originality/value This paper provides a novel interpretation of the research topics addressed by the secondary studies and presents a new classification of the literature gaps and their evolution. Finally, a dynamic research compass for both academicians and practitioners is presented.

Political Regime and Perspectives of its Research in Juridical Science

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Дина Пайгина ◽  
Dina Paygina
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Political Freedom ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Regimes ◽  
Form Of Government ◽  
The Government

The article analyzes discussion questions about the concept of a political regime and its relationship to related categories: “form of government”, “public regime” and others. Clarity in understanding will contribute to the correctness of classification of these categories, considered in theory. The article presents ideas that have influenced the understanding of political regimes. Particular attention is paid to works of ancient authors, who are still on top of their relevancy due to their flexibility, despite the fact that they were formulated many years ago. The author proposes to define a political regime as a degree of political freedom of the citizens, expressed in the established system of rights that citizens may use when exercising their freedom, as the framework within which it should be exercised, and as the degree of effectiveness of the government. The author substantiates the connection between the political regime and legislative dynamics, which serves as an illustration of the current situation as a result of the decision-making by government authorities.

scholarly journals Československo 1945–1948: Případ hybridního režimu?

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (2–3) ◽  
pp. 188-213
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Bílek ◽  
Ľubomír Lupták
Keyword(s):  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
The Political ◽  
Hybrid Regimes ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Post War ◽  
Transitional Phase

This article presents an interpretative case study utilizing the concept of hybrid regimes as presented by Leah Gilbert and Payam Mohseni to analyse the political regime of Czechoslovakia between the years 1945–1948. Our aim is to demonstrate that rather than a mere transitional phase on the road from democracy to authoritarianism or an episode of final tremors of the pre-war (democratic) regime, the 1945–1945 regime represents a full-fledged hybrid, rooted in the specific conditions of the post-war period. One of the major problems in contemporary discussions about hybrid regimes is the blurred and somewhat unstable boundary between democratic and authoritarian regimes, especially when viewed only as a function of the electoral processes and mechanics. Gilbert and Mohseni’s classification of hybrid regimes attempts to overcome this problem by including two additional analytic dimensions, allowing to point at the dynamic development of the political regime in post-war Czechoslovakia and its rather lively movement on the scale between authoritarianism and democracy.

scholarly journals Unmanned Aerial Vehicles enabled IoT Platform for Disaster Management

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 2706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Waleed Ejaz ◽  
Muhammad Awais Azam ◽  
Salman Saadat ◽  
Farkhund Iqbal ◽  
Abdul Hanan
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Wildfire Management ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Iot Platform

Efficient and reliable systems are required to detect and monitor disasters such as wildfires as well as to notify the people in the disaster-affected areas. Internet of Things (IoT) is the key paradigm that can address the multitude problems related to disaster management. In addition, an unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)-enabled IoT platform connected via cellular network can further enhance the robustness of the disaster management system. The UAV-enabled IoT platform is based on three main research areas: (i) ground IoT network; (ii) communication technologies for ground and aerial connectivity; and (iii) data analytics. In this paper, we provide a holistic view of a UAVs-enabled IoT platform which can provide ubiquitous connectivity to both aerial and ground users in challenging environments such as wildfire management. We then highlight key challenges for the design of an efficient and reliable IoT platform. We detail a case study targeting the design of an efficient ground IoT network that can detect and monitor fire and send notifications to people using named data networking (NDN) architecture. The use of NDN architecture in a sensor network for IoT integrates pull-based communication to enable reliable and efficient message dissemination in the network and to notify the users as soon as possible in case of disastrous situations. The results of the case study show the enormous impact on the performance of IoT platform for wildfire management. Lastly, we draw the conclusion and outline future research directions in this field.

Public-Private Interactions in Anglo-Greek Tourism: Reflections on Aspects of the Primary Research Process

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios Papageorglou
Keyword(s):  
Research Process ◽  
Thought Process ◽  
Primary Research ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Ongoing Work ◽  
Accommodation Sector ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
The Uk

The issues discussed in this paper stem from the author's ongoing work in the field of tourism. The main research areas are the relationships between tour operators, the accommodation sector and National Tourism Offices with an emphasis on marketing and promotion, as well as the influence of external factors on the effectiveness of promotional activities. The connections, along these lines, between the UK and Greece are examined in a case study. The paper will illustrate the thought process underpinning the primary research for the study. Its aim is to highlight and analyse a number of methodological considerations and conscious decisions that had to be made during its course, while emphasis is given to the issues revolving around the preparation and implementation of primary research.

scholarly journals Analytical Optimization Model to Locate and Design Runway-Taxiway Junctions

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 347-359
Author(s):  
Misagh Ketabdari ◽  
Ignacio P. Millán ◽  
Emanuele Toraldo ◽  
Maurizio Crispino ◽  
Mariano Pernetti
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Field Range ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Operation Costs ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Statistical Risk

Aims: Air traffic and airport operations are expected to experience significant growth worldwide in the upcoming years. One of the possible approaches to adapt to this demand-led growth in the sector, while guaranteeing optimal levels of airport services and operations safety, is to maximize the capacities of busy airport infrastructures (in particular runways) by evacuating them in the shortest time possible to be ready for hosting next operations. Background: The main research areas in this field range from statistical risk analyses based on the registered accidents databases to simulation analyses modelling the behaviour of the aircraft during landing operations. Objective: The main objective of this study is to determine precisely the optimal distances of runway-taxiway junctions from the runway’s threshold, according to numerous impact parameters such as airport climate pattern, operating aircraft categories, infrastructure type, and capacity, route connections, operating costs, and associated risks. Methods: The authors developed a mathematical model with the goal of simulating the dynamic behaviour of the aircraft during landing and possible consequences introduced by the presence of contaminants over the pavement surface, by calculating their braking distances, and finally to optimize the use of existing infrastructures, specially runway-taxiway junctions, of a commercial airport. In this regard, the interactions between landing gear, pavement, and fluid were carefully analysed. The dynamic pavement skid resistance values in wet pavement conditions were evaluated for optimizing the required landing distances, which are setting the base for optimizing the location of the taxiway junctions. An Italian international airport was selected as the case study to be simulated by the developed model in order to optimize its runway capacity and maximize its rate of operations. Results: In the process, two different scenarios are simulated with the developed model; a modified design of an existing runway and an alternative design solution for constructing a new runway. The developed model offers improvements for both scenarios with respect to the current runway configurations in terms of reduction in mean rolling distances. The simulation of the selected case study shows that the taxiway modification scenario achieves a reduction of 23% in the mean rolling distance for wet and 25% for dry pavement conditions. While, for designing a new runway, greater reductions of 27% for wet and 39% for dry pavement conditions are obtained due to the higher flexibilities and degrees of freedom in designing a runway from the beginning. Conclusion: The developed model can precisely propose new configurations of the runway-taxiway junctions with lower mean rolling distances, which lower the operation costs and fuel consumption, decrease the runway evacuation times and increase the capacity of the airfield. The main advantage of this model is its ability to cover a wider spectrum of boundary conditions with respect to the existing models and its applicability for designing new runways, plus to optimize the configuration of existing infrastructures in order to satisfy the evolution of the industry.

scholarly journals ‘King Coal is Dead! Long Live the King!’: The Paradoxes of Coal's Resurgence in the Emergence of Global Low-Carbon Societies

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 59-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Tyfield
Keyword(s):  
Political Regime ◽  
Classical Liberalism ◽  
Political Regimes ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Clean Coal ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Technical Systems ◽  
Rising China ◽  
Low Carbon Energy

Much discourse on low-carbon transition envisages progressive social change towards environmentally sustainable and more equitable societies. Yet much of this literature pays inadequate attention to the key question of (productive, relational) power. How do energy infrastructures and socio-technical systems interact with, construct, enable and constrain political regimes, and vice versa? Conceiving low-carbon energy transitions through a power lens, the paper explores a case study of huge, but overlooked, significance: the paradox of the ‘phenomenal’ resurgence of coal in an era of low-carbon innovation. Through exposition of the strong connections between coal-based socio-technical systems and a political regime of classical liberalism, illustrated in two eras, we trace an emerging constellation of energy and political regimes connecting ‘clean coal’ with a ‘liberalism 2.0’ centred on a rising China. This affords a critique of the low-carbon society emergent from these developments – a society more reminiscent of coal's previous Dickensian heyday than the progressive visions of much ‘low-carbon transition’ literature.

Social exchange processes, health behaviour, and health behaviour change

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-134
Author(s):  
Urte Scholz ◽  
Rainer Hornung
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Health Behaviour ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Smoking Behaviour ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Exchange Processes ◽  
Multi Method Approach

Abstract. The main research areas of the Social and Health Psychology group at the Department of Psychology at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, are introduced. Exemplarily, three currently ongoing projects are described. The project ”Dyadic exchange processes in couples facing dementia” examines social exchanges in couples with the husband suffering from dementia and is based on Equity Theory. This project applies a multi-method approach by combining self-report with observational data. The ”Swiss Tobacco Monitoring System” (TMS) is a representative survey on smoking behaviour in Switzerland. Besides its survey character, the Swiss TMS also allows for testing psychological research questions on smoking with a representative sample. The project, ”Theory-based planning interventions for changing nutrition behaviour in overweight individuals”, elaborates on the concept of planning. More specifically, it is tested whether there is a critical amount of repetitions of a planning intervention (e.g., three or nine times) in order to ensure long-term effects.

Borders, Conflicts and Bargaining in Federations and Communities of Governments

2009 ◽  
pp. 83-99
Author(s):  
A. Libman
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Public Authority ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Distribution Of Power

Economic policy in the modern world can be treated as an outcome of interaction of multiple territorial centers of public authority: nation-states, subnational and supranational jurisdictions. In the last decades economics has increased its attention to the factors which influence the distribution of power among jurisdictions. The paper surveys two main research areas in this literature: economics of conflicts and theory of endogenous decentralization. It discusses the basic models of both approaches and their modifications applied in the literature as well as factors of conflict formation and bargaining over devolution.

Transitioning Business for a Circular Economy

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan EVANS
Keyword(s):  
Professional Practice ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
Professional Experience ◽  
Operational Model ◽  
New Vision ◽  
To Come ◽  
Space Requirements

This case study explores the strategic business opportunities, for Lane Crawford, an iconic luxury department store, to transition in a circular economy towards sustainability. A new experimentation framework was developed and conducted among cross departmental employees, during a Design Lab, with intention to co-create novel Circular Economy business concepts towards a new vision: the later was a reframe of the old system based on the principles of sustainability; to move beyond a linear operational model towards a circular economy that can contribute to a regenerative society. This work draws on both academic and professional experience and was conducted through professional practice. It was found that innovative co-created concepts, output from the Design Lab, can create radical change in a circular economy that is holistically beneficial and financially viable; looking forward to extract greater value a)Internal organization requires remodeling to transform towards a circular economy; b)Requirement for more horizonal teams across departments vs solely vertical; c)New language and relationships are required to be able to transition towards a circular economy; d)Some form of physical and virtual space requirements, for cross-disciplinary teams to come together to co-create; e)Ability to iterate, learn and evolve requires agency across the business

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