scholarly journals Impact of terrestrial and marine pollution on the Black Sea quality of water

2019 ◽  
pp. 192-199
Author(s):  
Victorita Radulescu
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Local Equilibrium ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The European Union ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
The Impact

Black Sea represents a direct link between the European Union, EU candidate countries and some Asian countries such as Russia, Georgia, etc. During the last decades, the Black Sea has been confronted with unexpected environmental problems. In the south part of the Romanian seashore has appeared erosion, in the North-East part of the Black Sea appeared a massive algae development, followed by modification of the maritime biological balance. In parallel, the maritime water parameters have been changed, partly due to the water discharged from the main rivers as Danube, Dnieper, Dniester, partly from the amount of freshwater from deep currents new appeared in the last decades, and partly due to the impact of the pollutant sources. Firstly, are mentioned some data, based on the local measurements and registered data, which underlines the actual situation, referring at the existing sources of pollution, the hydrocarbons and ions concentration, etc. with immediate consequences on the local equilibrium of the marine bio-system. The registered Turkish accidents with spilled oil briefly mentioned, were followed in a short term by a process of nitrification, with many consequences. Next are presented the appeared modifications, registered in the Black Sea fauna, some endangered species, correlated with the simultaneous apparition of some invasive species. Finally, some conclusions and references are presented.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF Sr DISTRIBUTION IN ROCKS AND SOILS OF GEOCHEMICAL LANDSCAPES OF THE BLACK SEA COAST OF RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 126-130
Author(s):  
I.Y. Matasova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Humus Horizon ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sea Coast

The article considers the results of studying the features of Sr distribution in rocks of various ages and composition and soils of landscapes of the Black Sea coast of Russia (in the humus horizon and soil profile). The content of elements in the studied soils is compared with the regional background for the soils of the North Caucasus. A direct relationship between the content of the element in soils and underlying rocks, as well as the influence of technogenesis on the processes of accumulation and removal of the element in the soils of agricultural landscapes, has been revealed. The results of a comprehensive study of the south of Russia became the basis for studying the peculiarities of the distribution of Sr landscapes of the Black Sea coast of Russia. To establish the main parameters of the distribution of chemical elements in rocks and soils of various landscapes and the region as a whole, to identify geochemical features of geographical and technogenic differentiation, to assess the impact of various types of environmental management on changes in the geochemical spectrum of soils, to determine the influence of landscape-forming factors on the migration of chemical elements and the formation of geochemical barriers. The highest concentration of Sr was observed in carbonate-terrigenous rocks of the Paleogene and Cretaceous ages (marls and limestones). In the humus horizon of soils, the average metal concentrations vary in the range from 13.0∙10–3 to 95.0∙10–3 % with a regional clark of 22.0∙10–3 %.

scholarly journals The spatial pattern of selected extreme precipitation indices for Turkey (1975-2012)

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30
Author(s):  
Faize Sarış
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Extremes ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Rainy Days

AbstractThis paper analyses extreme precipitation characteristics of Turkey based on selected WMO climate change indices. The indices – monthly total rainy days (RDays); monthly maximum 1-day precipitation (Rx1day); simple precipitation intensity index (SDII); and monthly count of days when total precipitation (represented by PRCP) exceeds 10 mm (R10mm) – were calculated for 98 stations for the 38-year overlapping period (1975–2012). Cluster analysis was applied to evaluate the spatial characterisation of the annual precipitation extremes. Four extreme precipitation clusters were detected. Cluster 1 corresponds spatially to Central and Eastern Anatolia and is identified with the lowest values of the indices, except rainy days. Cluster 2 is concentrated mainly on the west and south of Anatolia, and especially the coastal zone, and can be characterised with the lowest rainy days, and high and moderate values of other indices. These two clusters are the most prominent classes throughout the country, and include a total of 82 stations. Cluster 3 is clearly located in the Black Sea coastal zone in the north, and has high and moderate index values. Two stations on the north-east coast of the Black Sea region are identified as Cluster 4, which exhibits the highest values among all indices. The overall results reveal that winter months and October have the highest proportion of precipitation extremes in Turkey. The north-east part of the Black Sea region and Mediterranean coastal area from the south-west to the south-east are prone to frequent extreme precipitation events.

scholarly journals “Smoke on the beach”: on the use of economic vs behavioral policies to reduce environmental pollution by cigarette littering

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gionata Castaldi ◽  
Grazia Cecere ◽  
Mariangela Zoli
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Third ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Public Areas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Proper Disposal

AbstractCigarette filters, the most commonly littered item worldwide, are one of the main sources of marine pollution. However, reducing cigarette littering is a serious challenge for policy makers and environmental authorities: traditional instruments like bans and fines are generally ineffective. In this article, we evaluate the impact of two interventions aimed at reducing smokers’ littering in public areas, like beaches. We run a field experiment at eight beach resorts in the north east coast of Italy. Resorts were randomly assigned to three groups: in the first, we introduced portable ashtrays to test whether smokers respond to the lower effort costs (time plus inconvenience) by disposing of litter properly. In the second set, we added a social cue. The third group of resorts was used as a control with no intervention. Results suggest that reducing the private costs of a proper disposal through mobile ashtrays significantly affects littering, leading to a reduction of 10–12% in the number of cigarette filters dropped in the sand compared to beaches with no ashtrays. Reinforcing this measure with social prompts does not significantly increase the impact driven by the introduction of mobile ashtrays.

scholarly journals Black Sea Baric Depression

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-198
Author(s):  
Ion Isaia
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
East Side ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Synoptic Conditions ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
High Atmospheric Pressure

Abstract This work is meant to demonstrate that, in the special synoptic conditions, on the surface of the Black Sea, a baric depression is being formed. This depression is formed when the Black Sea's water temperature is higher than the surrounding continental ground's temperature. There are situations when the baric depression of the Black Sea occurs because of the consequences of the movement of another baric depression from the east of the Mediterranean Sea to its north-east side. Due to the high atmospheric pressure of the continental zone that's surrounding the Black Sea, the baric depression will get a retrograde movement, towards the north or northwest. Eventually, this depression occludes in the eastern continental zone of Europe or even near the Baltic Sea. During a retrograde movement of a baric depression, the atmospheric precipitations will fall in big quantities, in many situations, causing floods.

scholarly journals On the impact of local natural and climatic conditions of the North-West Caucasus on the vital activities of the population in the context of the observations of I.N. Klingen

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Людмила Васильевна Бурыкина ◽  
Лариса Дмитриевна Федосеева
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Impact

В статье предпринят анализ сведений о климате Северо-Западного Кавказа на базе монографии И.Н. Клингена, основанной на материалах комиссии И.С. Хатисова - А.Д. Ротиньянца и других исследователей Причерноморья и содержавшей компетентную и ценную информацию по истории сельского хозяйства шапсугов и убыхов. Несмотря на благоприятные природно-климатические условия, данная территория очень специфична, но это была естественная среда обитания адыгских племен, разработавших самобытные приемы агротехники и особые орудия труда, позволившие им возделывать землю, как на склонах гор, так и в низинах, и собирать значительные урожаи. Адыгскими племенами были выработаны собственные формы адаптации к среде обитания, представлены оригинальные способы жизнедеятельности в сложных климатических условиях, позволившие поддерживать региональную модель стабильного социально-экономического развития со своей этнокультурной спецификой. Проблема воздействия локальных природно-климатических условий на антропогенную деятельность и его отражение на процесс формирования традиции природопользования, земледельческий опыт адыгских племен, изложенный в отчете И.С. Хатисова и монографии И.Н. Клингена, не утратили актуальности и в современных условиях, поскольку сходы селевых потоков, водная эрозия с разрушительными последствиями стали настоящим бичом для хозяйств, курортов и простых граждан. Культура земледелия причерноморских адыгов была и остается самой разумной для этой территории и имеет не только научно-познавательное, но и практическое значение. The paper undertakes an attempt to analyze information about the climate of the North-West Caucasus basing on a monograph by I.N. Klingen. This monograph was based on the materials of the Commission of I.S. Khatisov-A.D. Rotinyants and other researchers of the Black Sea region. It contains competent and valuable information on the history of agriculture of the Shapsugs and Ubykhs. Despite favorable natural and climatic conditions, this territory is very specific. In this natural habitat, the Adyghe tribes developed original techniques of agricultural machinery and special tools that allowed them to cultivate land both on the slopes of the mountains and in the lowlands, and take significant crops. The Adyghe tribes developed their own forms of adaptation to the habitat, presented original ways of living in difficult climatic conditions, which made it possible to maintain a regional model of stable socio-economic development with its ethnocultural specificity. The problem of the impact of local natural and climatic conditions on anthropogenic activity and its reflection on the process of forming the tradition of nature management, the agricultural experience of the Adyghe tribes, set out in the report of I.S. Khatisov and the monograph by I.N. Klingen, have not lost their relevance in modern conditions. Rural mudflows, water erosion with destructive consequences have become a real scourge for farms, resorts and simple citizens. The culture of agriculture of the Adyghes living in the Black Sea region was and remains the most reasonable for this territory and has not only scientific and cognitive, but also practical significance.

scholarly journals Tectonolinament framework of the Black Sea region and the surrounding areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-44
Author(s):  
Vladimir Pokalyuk ◽  
Igor Lomakin ◽  
Valentyn Verkhovtsev ◽  
Vladimir Kochelab
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Mobile Belt ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
North West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Lateral Displacements ◽  
Surrounding Areas

Modern high-precision global digital 3-d models of the relief of the continents and the ocean floor (SRTM, GEBCO) are the objective basis to clarify the structure and features of the organization of the planetary fault network of of the Black Sea region and adjacent areas of the Mediterranean mobile belt and surrounding platform areas, to find out the location of the main transregional supermegalineaments forming the deep structural-tectonic framework of the territory. A complete consistency of the structural plan of faults and fault zones within the sea areas and continental surroundings is established. The structural position of the Black Sea basin as a whole is determined by its location at the intersection area (superposition, interference) of the diagonal (subdiagonal) transcontinental tectonolinament belts: the north-west – Elba-Zagros, Caucasus-Kopetdag, and the north-east – Atlas- Black Sea. The absence of large-scale lateral displacements at the intersection nodes of differently oriented supermegalineament systems indicates the relative autonomous stationarity and inheritance of the formation of the lyneament framework during the entire Mezozoic-Cenozoic and relatively low-shear nature of its implementation. This feature of the Black Sea region structural pattern significantly limits the possibility of using neomobilistic geodynamic models to explain the history of the geological development of the region. The strict consistency and orderliness of the lineament framework can be ensured only by global planetary factors associated with the influence of the rotational regime of the Earth's shells on the stress distribution in the lithosphere.

scholarly journals Species composition and abundance of metazoan microzooplankton in the north-eastern waters of the Black Sea in summer 2013

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
S. A. Seregin ◽  
E. V. Popova
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Continental Slope ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Published Data ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Oithona Similis ◽  
Oithona Davisae ◽  
General Decline

Metazoan microzooplankton plays a crucial role in the feeding of larvae and juveniles of many fish species, including commercial. The aim of the work was to study the metazoan microzooplankton abundance and species composition in the waters of North-East of the Black Sea, for which such information is rare. Bathometric water samples for the research were taken in 2 water areas in the Kerch sea area: on the shelf (I) and in continental slope waters (II). The concentration of plankton in the surface layer above large depths was almost 2 times higher and the proportion of neritic species was much lower compared to the waters over the shelf. The character of the microzooplankton abundance vertical distribution depended on the temperature and salinity gradients expression. Compared with the coastal waters of the southern coast of Crimea general decline of the abundance with depth is much more pronounced over the continental slope. Copepods of the genus Acartia and Centropages ponticus were dominating in the upper layers of the water; a recent invader in the Black Sea Oithona davisae played a significant role in the shelf waters, also. Abundant copepod species in the waters under thermocline were Oithona similis, Acartia clausi, Paracalanus parvus; Rotifera dominated in non-crustacean plankton. Newly obtained and previously published data indicate an increasing trend of total micrometazoans abundance in the Crimean Black Sea waters in recent years.

scholarly journals Circulation conditions of strong and elemental wind over southwestern Ukraine

2017 ◽  
pp. 38-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Н.P. Ivus ◽  
E.V. Agayar ◽  
L.M. Hurska ◽  
А.В. Semergei-Chumachenko
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Atmospheric Circulation ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Strong Wind ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Strong Winds ◽  
The Impact ◽  
North Western

Introduction. Nowadays the problem of storm winds appears to be a very relevant one in those spheres of human activities related to safety of human living, coastal infrastructure, seafaring, aviation etc. One of the conditions for successful forecasting of strong winds is familiarization with wind characteristics of the study area and with synoptic conditions causing them. The below listed results of research form continuation of previous works for search of a better synoptic classification reflecting completeness of macroscale baric processes causing formation of winds, including strong winds, over the South of Ukraine and also providing an opportunity to forecast winds in a more accurate manner. The purpose of this publication consists in analysis of interaction of large-scale atmospheric circulation with formation of unfavorable weather conditions (strong and very strong winds) on the north-west coast of the Black Sea. Methods and results. The impact of storm winds is significant for functioning of the national economic complex of the North-Western Black Sea region. In order to investigate this effect there were fifty seven cases of wind amplification up to criterion of strong ≥ 15 m·s-1 and very strong ≥ 25 m·s-1 selected within the Odessa region during the period from October to March in 2011 – 2014. Indexes of Katz circulation for isobaric surface of 500 hPa were calculated as per the data of synoptic archive for the cases with wind speed of ≥ 15 m·s-1. A more detailed study of the structure of macrocirculation processes under strong winds, except for Katz indexes, is provided by means of classification and calendar of successive change of elementary circulation mechanisms (ECM) in the Northern hemisphere according to Dzerdzeyevskyi B.L. and typification of synoptic processes developed at the Department of Theoretical Meteorology and Meteorological Forecasts of OSENU. It was determined that strong and very strong winds often occur in southern and central regions, particularly at the stations located on the shores of seas and estuaries (Bilgorod-Dnistrovskyi, Ust-Dunaysk, Pivdennyi port). Meridional type of atmospheric circulation (77.2%) creates favourable conditions for wind amplification in the North-Western part of the Black Sea up to the criterion of strong and very strong one, zonal type of circulation constitutes 22.8% from the total number of cases. Meridional type of circulation is mainly represented by mixed and western forms – (24.6%) and (22.8%) respectively. Main types of synoptic situations (5, 6) of Katz typification that used to cause strong winds were revealed. Most frequently strong wind was observed while moving of cyclonic vortexes from the South (ECM type – 12a, 13z) and in the area of cyclones and anticyclones interaction. Conclusion. It was found that wind speed amplification in the South of Ukraine up to the criteria of strong and very strong one mainly occurs due to the meridional type of atmospheric circulation which is dominated by mixed or western forms of circulation as per Katz typification, ECM type 12a and 13z according to Dzerdzeyevskyi B.L. and types 5 (subtype 5.2) and 6 (all subtypes depending on ECM) as per synoptic typification of OSENU. Directions for further research should include the following. The conclusions have preliminary character and need confirmation on the basis of bigger scope of statistical data.

scholarly journals Ukraine-NATO cooperation communicative culture development

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
Viacheslav Kudlai ◽  
◽  
Serhiy Tsebro ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
North Atlantic Treaty Organization ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
Culture Development ◽  
The Impact

The article deals with the peculiarities of the concepts "communicative culture" and "communicative instruction" perception in the diplomatic relations between Ukraine and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization context. Ukraine's mission to NATO culture, it’s forms of cooperation are analyzed. Main events that contributed to the cooperation between modern Ukraine and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization communicative culture development are outlined. "Communicative culture" is considered as a tool, as a set of best practices, the study subjects characteristic and as a subsequent communications trajectory to be reproduced. Among the publications related to diplomatic communication between Ukraine and NATO problems, there are narratives that consider this issue in the context of the "communicative guidance" term, which stands to denote the impact on a partner for one purpose or another: to persuade, to doubt, to force to do, etc; the state of the subject's propensity to make any communication. Ukraine-NATO communication practices confirm the correctness of the application of the concept of "communication culture". The Ukraine - NATO communicative culture formation begins with firmly commitment of sovereign, independent and stable Ukraine to democracy and the rule of law, which is the key to Euro-Atlantic security. NATO-Ukraine relations date back to the 1990s and have since become one of NATO's most important partnerships. Since 2014, as a result of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, cooperation in important areas has been intensified. The establishment of constructive communication began after the end of the Cold War, when Ukraine joined the North Atlantic Cooperation Council (1991) and the Partnership for Peace (1994). In response to the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, NATO has stepped up its capacity-building and force-building support to Ukraine. NATO countries continue to condemn Russia's illegal Crimea annexation and its destabilizing and aggressive activities in eastern Ukraine and the Black Sea region. NATO has increased its presence in the Black Sea. Following the NATO Summit in Warsaw in July 2016, practical support is provided to Ukraine as part of the Comprehensive Assistance Package to Ukraine. In June 2017, the Ukrainian parliament passed a law restoring the country’s course towards NATO membership as a strategic goal of foreign and security policy.

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