A Review of the Role of Amelogenin Protein in Enamel Formation and Novel Experimental Techniques to Study its Function

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 880-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saqib Ali ◽  
Imran Farooq
Keyword(s):  
Vital Role ◽  
Experimental Techniques ◽  
Enamel Matrix ◽  
Enamel Formation ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Important Protein ◽  
Selection Of

: Amelognein protein plays a vital role in the formation and mineralization of enamel matrix. Amelogenin structure is complex in nature and researchers have studied it with different experimental techniques. Considering its important role, there is a need to understand this important protein, which has been discussed in detail in this review. In addition, various experimental techniques to study amelogenin protein used previously have been tackled along with their advantages and disadvantages. A selection of 67 relevant articles/book chapters was included in this study. The review concluded that amelogenins act as nanospheres or spacers for the growth of enamel crystals. Various experimental techniques can be used to study amelogenins, however, their advantages and drawbacks should be kept in mind before performing analysis.

Energy Efficiency Analysis in ERA using NFL-BA Algorithm

2020 ◽  
pp. 340-348
Author(s):  
Palky Mehta ◽  
H. L. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Head ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Cluster Heads ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Energy Efficiency Analysis ◽  
Selection Of

In the current scenario of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), power consumption is the major issue associated with nodes in WSN. LEACH technique plays a vital role of clustering in WSN and reduces the energy usage effectively. But LEACH has its own limitation in order to search cluster head nodes which are randomly distributed over the network. In this paper, ERA-NFL- BA algorithm is being proposed for selects the cluster heads in WSN. This algorithm help in selection of cluster heads can freely transform from global search to local search. At the end, a comparison has been done with earlier researcher using protocol ERA-NFL, which clearly shown that proposed Algorithm is best suited and from comparison results that ERA-NFL-BA has given better performance.

The Role of Microbiology in Models of Dental Caries: Reaction Paper

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.H. Bowden
Keyword(s):  
Process Selection ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Test Models ◽  
Plaque Development ◽  
In Vitro Systems ◽  
Selection Of

Models of the caries process have made significant contributions toward defining the roles of bacteria in caries. Microbiologists use a variety of in vitro systems to model aspects of the caries process. Also, in situ models in humans provide information on the microbiology of caries in vivo. These models do not involve the entire process leading to natural caries; consequently, the results from such studies are used to deduce the roles of bacteria in natural caries. Therefore, they can be described as Inferential Caries Models. In contrast, animal models and some clinical trials in humans involve natural caries and can be described as Complete Caries Models. Furthermore, these models are used in two distinct ways. They can be used as Exploratory Models to explore different aspects of the caries process, or as Test Models to determine the effects of anticaries agents. This dichotomy in approach to the use of caries models results in modification of the models to suit a particular role. For example, if we consider Exploratory Models, the in situ appliance in humans is superior to others for analyzing the microbiology of plaque development and demineralization in vivo. The chemostat and biofilm models are excellent for exploring factors influencing bacterial interactions. Both models can also be used as Test Models. The in situ model has been used to test the effects of fluoride on the microflora and demineralization, while the chemostat and biofilm models allow for the testing of antibacterial agents. Each model has its advantages and disadvantages and role in analysis of the caries process. Selection of the model depends on the scientific question posed and the limitations imposed by the conditions available for the study.

Cracking novel shared targets between epilepsy and Alzheimer’s disease: need of the hour

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitika Garg ◽  
Rupa Joshi ◽  
Bikash Medhi
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Present Review ◽  
The Common ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Gsk 3Β ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Epilepsy and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are interconnected. It is well known that seizures are linked with cognitive impairment, and there are various shared etiologies between epilepsy and AD. The connection between hyperexcitability of neurons and cognitive dysfunction in the progression of AD or epileptogenesis plays a vital role for improving selection of treatment for both diseases. Traditionally, seizures occur less frequently and in later stages of age in patients with AD which in turn implies that neurodegeneration causes seizures. The role of seizures in early stages of pathogenesis of AD is still an issue to be resolved. So, it is well timed to analyze the common pathways involved in pathophysiology of AD and epilepsy. The present review focuses on similar potential underlying mechanisms which may be related to the causes of seizures in epilepsy and cognitive impairment in AD. The proposed review will focus on many possible newer targets like abnormal expression of various enzymes like GSK-3β, PP2A, PKC, tau hyperphosphorylation, MMPs, caspases, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress associated with number of neurodegenerative diseases linked with epilepsy. The brief about the prospective line of treatment of both diseases will also be discussed in the present review.

scholarly journals When Anxiety and Depression Coexist: The Role of Differential Diagnosis Using Clinimetric Criteria

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Fiammetta Cosci ◽  
Giovanni A. Fava
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Clinical Judgment ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Average Patient ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Selection Of

Depressive and anxiety disorders are frequently associated. Depression may be a complication of anxiety and anxiety can complicate depression. The nature of their relationship has been a source of controversy. Reviews generally base their conclusions on randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses that refer to the average patient and often clash with the variety of clinical presentations that may occur when anxiety and depression coexist. The aim of this review was to examine the literature according to profiling of subgroups of patients based on clinimetric criteria, in line with the recently developed concept of medicine-based evidence. We critically reviewed the literature pertaining to the specific presentations of anxiety and depression, outlining the advantages and disadvantages of each treatment approach. The following prototypic cases were presented: depression secondary to an active anxiety disorder, depression in patients with anxiety disorders under treatment, anxious depression, anxiety as a residual component of depression, and demoralization secondary to anxiety disorder. We argue that the selection of treatment when anxiety and depression coexist should take into account the modalities of presentation and be filtered by clinical judgment. Very different indications may ensue when the literature is examined according to this perspective.

Myo-Electric Controls — A Challenge to Occupational Therapists?

1977 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Colburn
Keyword(s):  
Applied Sciences ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Specialized Knowledge ◽  
Movement Response ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
External Power ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

Developments in the field of electronics have made it possible to use physiological signals in the control of external power systems. The relationship between man and machine is complex and difficult. Review of myo-electric controls and functional electrical stimulation in prosthetics, orthotics and other fields indicates the extent of current clinical application. Advantages and disadvantages of 2-state, 3-state, proportional and other control systems are considered, and problems related to lack of sensory feedback, delay in movement response, etc. explored. The role of the occupational therapist as an interface between man and machine, using unique skills in patient assesment, selection of controls, training and evaluation of systems is discussed. The need for occupational therapists to become involved in research and development and to acquire specialized knowledge in applied sciences and biomechanics is emphasised.

scholarly journals The role of leadership in place-based development and building institutional arrangements

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
LG Horlings ◽  
D Roep ◽  
W Wellbrock
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
Institutional Setting ◽  
Joint Learning ◽  
Grassroots Initiatives ◽  
Rural Place ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Do So

In various case studies across Europe the vital role of rural place leadership in enabling a place-based approach to local and regional development has been highlighted, although not always explicitly addressed as such. This paper aims to do so by reviewing the findings from a selection of earlier research projects within a framework of the role of rural leadership in place-based development. Building on the increasing body of literature on place leadership, the review reveals how place leadership in rural areas is performed by varied public, private and civic actors; is able to bridge vested stakes and make new connections; is supportive to joint learning and innovation and an increasing range of bottom-up grassroots initiatives. Effective rural place leadership initiates joint reflection and enforces a collaborative spirit resulting in an expanding spiral of new alliances and new (institutional) arrangements. This underpins the importance of rural place leadership in building collective agency and its capacity to better attune the institutional setting to the specificities of place and thus enhance place-based development.

Asiana Airlines Flight 214

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Chow ◽  
Stephen Yortsos ◽  
Najmedin Meshkati
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Aviation Safety ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Flight Crew ◽  
Pilot Performance ◽  
Engineering Designs ◽  
Flight Deck

This article focuses on a major human factors–related issue that includes the undeniable role of cultural factors and cockpit automation and their serious impact on flight crew performance, communication, and aviation safety. The report concentrates on the flight crew performance of the Boeing 777–Asiana Airlines Flight 214 accident, by exploring issues concerning mode confusion and autothrottle systems. It also further reviews the vital role of cultural factors in aviation safety and provides a brief overview of past, related accidents. Automation progressions have been created in an attempt to design an error-free flight deck. However, to do that, the pilot must still thoroughly understand every component of the flight deck – most importantly, the automation. Otherwise, if pilots are not completely competent in terms of their automation, the slightest errors can lead to fatal accidents. As seen in the case of Asiana Flight 214, even though engineering designs and pilot training have greatly evolved over the years, there are many cultural, design, and communication factors that affect pilot performance. It is concluded that aviation systems designers, in cooperation with pilots and regulatory bodies, should lead the strategic effort of systematically addressing the serious issues of cockpit automation, human factors, and cultural issues, including their interactions, which will certainly lead to better solutions for safer flights.

Faculty selection of textbooks: Key variables and the role of teaching experience

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aja Taitano ◽  
Bradley Smith ◽  
Cade Hulbert ◽  
Kristin Batten ◽  
Lalania Woodstrom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Experience ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
Faculty Selection ◽  
Selection Of
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