Magnolia officinalis Reduces Inflammation and Damage Induced by Recurrent Status Epilepticus in Immature Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 1388-1401
Author(s):  
Angélica Vega-García ◽  
Luisa Rocha ◽  
Rosalinda Guevara-Guzmán ◽  
Christian Guerra-Araiza ◽  
Iris Feria-Romero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Neuronal Loss ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Immature Rats ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Magnolia Officinalis

Background: Neuroinflammation induced in response to damage caused by status epilepticus (SE) activates the interleukin (IL)1-β pathway and proinflammatory proteins that increase vulnerability to the development of spontaneous seizure activity and/or epilepsy. Objectives: The study aimed to assess the short-term anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of Magnolia officinalis (MO) on recurrent SE in immature rats. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats at PN day 10 were used; n = 60 rats were divided into two control groups, SHAM and KA, and two experimental groups, MO (KA-MO) and Celecoxib (KA-Clbx). The anti-inflammatory effect of a single dose of MO was evaluated at 6 and 24 hr by Western blotting and on day 30 PN via a subchronic administration of MO to assess neuronal preservation and hippocampal gliosis by immunohistochemistry for NeunN and GFAP, respectively. Results: KA-MO caused a decrease in the expression of IL1-β and Cox-2 at 6 and 24 h post-treatment, a reduction in iNOS synthase at 6 and 24 hr post-treatment and reduced neuronal loss and gliosis at postnatal day 30, similar to Clbx. Conclusion: The results indicating that Magnolia officinalis is an alternative preventive treatment for early stages of epileptogenesis are encouraging.

scholarly journals Levosimendan as a therapeutic strategy to prevent neuroinflammation after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage?

2021 ◽  
pp. neurintsurg-2021-017504
Author(s):  
Stefan Wanderer ◽  
Lukas Andereggen ◽  
Jan Mrosek ◽  
Sepide Kashefiolasl ◽  
Gerrit Alexander Schubert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Delayed Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Severe Heart Failure ◽  
Prostaglandin F2alpha ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Delayed Cerebral Vasospasm ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Solvent Control ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

BackgroundPoor patient outcomes after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) occur due to a multifactorial process, mainly involving cerebral inflammation (CI), delayed cerebral vasospasm (DCVS), and delayed cerebral ischemia, followed by neurodegeneration. CI is mainly triggered by enhanced synthesis of serotonin (5-HT), prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2a), and cytokines such as interleukins. Levosimendan (LV), a calcium-channel sensitizer, has already displayed anti-inflammatory effects in patients with severe heart failure. Therefore, we wanted to elucidate its potential anti-inflammatory role on the cerebral vasculature after SAH.MethodsExperimental SAH was induced by using an experimental double-hemorrhage model. Sprague Dawley rats were harvested on day 3 and day 5 after the ictus. The basilar artery was used for isometric investigations of the muscular media tone. Vessel segments were either preincubated with LV or without, with precontraction performed with 5-HT or PGF2a followed by application of acetylcholine (ACh) or LV.ResultsAfter preincubation with LV 10−4 M and 5-HT precontraction, ACh triggered a strong vasorelaxation in sham segments (LV 10−4 M, Emax 65%; LV 10−5 M, Emax 48%; no LV, Emax 53%). Interestingly, SAH D3 (LV 10−4, Emax 76%) and D5 (LV 10−4, Emax 79%) segments showed greater vasorelaxation compared with sham. An LV series after PGF2a precontraction showed significantly enhanced relaxation in the sham (P=0.004) and SAH groups (P=0.0008) compared with solvent control vessels.ConclusionsLV application after SAH seems to beneficially influence DCVS by antagonizing 5-HT- and PGF2a-triggered vasoconstriction. Considering this spasmolytic effect, LV might have a role in the treatment of SAH, additionally in selected patients suffering takotsubo cardiomyopathy.

Electroacupuncture at Zusanli Rescues the Enteric Neuronal Loss in the Stomach of Diabetic Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Hu ◽  
Fan Du ◽  
Shi Liu
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Neuronal Loss ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Enteric Neurons ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Zusanli Acupoint

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of electroacupuncture at Zusanli acupoint on the enteric neuropathy in diabetic rats. Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into different groups depending on the total electroacupuncture span and frequency. The expression of nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), choline acetyltransferase (CHAT), protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5), and doublecortin was significantly decreased in the diabetic group compared with the control group. Long-term electroacupuncture at Zusanli with either high frequency or low frequency could increase the expression levels of nNOS, CHAT, PGP9.5, and doublecortin, and the increase was greater in the high-frequency group. But no obvious changes were seen in the short-term electroacupuncture groups. These results suggest that electroacupuncture at Zusanli can restore the deficiency of enteric neurons in diabetes partly but a comparative long duration of stimuli (6 weeks) is required. The increase of doublecortin may be involved in this positive process.

scholarly journals Ventilatory responses to ozone are reduced in immature rats

2000 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 2023-2030 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Shore ◽  
J. H. Abraham ◽  
I. N. Schwartzman ◽  
G. G. Krishna Murthy ◽  
J. D. Laporte
Keyword(s):  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Ventilatory Response ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Ventilatory Responses ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Immature Rats ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Induced Changes

During ozone (O3) exposure, adult rats decrease their minute ventilation (V˙e). To determine whether such changes are also observed in immature animals, Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 2, 4, 6, 8, or 12 wk, were exposed to O3(2 ppm) in nose-only-exposure plethysmographs. BaselineV˙e normalized for body weight decreased with age from 2.1 ± 0.1 ml ⋅ min−1⋅ g−1in 2-wk-old rats to 0.72 ± 0.03 ml ⋅ min−1⋅ g−1in 12-wk-old rats, consistent with the higher metabolic rates of younger animals. In adult (8- and 12-wk-old) rats, O3caused 40–50% decreases in V˙e that occurred primarily as the result of a decrease in tidal volume. In 6-wk-old rats, O3-induced changes inV˙e were significantly less, and in 2- and 4-wk-old rats, no significant changes inV˙e were observed during O3exposure. The increased baseline V˙e and the smaller decrements in V˙e induced by O3in the immature rats imply that their delivered dose of O3is much higher than in adult rats. To determine whether these differences in O3dose influence the extent of injury, we measured bronchoalveolar lavage protein concentrations. The magnitude of the changes in bronchoalveolar lavage induced by O3was significantly greater in 2- than in 8-wk-old rats (267 ± 47 vs. 165 ± 22%, respectively, P < 0.05). O3exposure also caused a significant increase in PGE2in 2-wk-old but not in adult rats. The results indicate that the ventilatory response to O3is absent in 2-wk-old rats and that lack of this response, in conjunction with a greater specific ventilation, leads to greater lung injury.

scholarly journals Activation of cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway involved in therapeutic actions of α-mangostin on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 205873842095494
Author(s):  
Zhe Yang ◽  
Qin Yin ◽  
Opeyemi Joshua Olatunji ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Shu Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lung Injury ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor ◽  
Inflammatory Pathway ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Introduction: Alpha-mangostin (MAN) possesses a wide variety of pharmacological effects. In this study, we investigated its effect on cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP), and tested if CAP regulation was involved in the therapeutic action on acute lung injury (ALI). Methods: Male Sprague Dawley rats were pre-treated with MAN (40 mg/kg) for 3 days and ALI was induced with an intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Certain rats received monolateral vagotomy or sham surgery. The effects on inflammatory reactions and relevant pathways in ALI rats or LPS pre-treated RAW 264.7 cells were investigated by histological, immunohistochemical, immunoblotting, RT-qPCR, and immunofluorescence assays, while levels of proinflammatory cytokines, acetylcholine (Ach) and the enzymatic activity of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) were determined by corresponding quantitative kits. Results: Oral administration of MAN reduced the severity of ALI, while vagotomy surgery antagonized this effect. MAN restored the decline in α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAchR) in the lungs of ALI rats, and promoted the expression of α7nAchR and choline acetyltransferase (CHAT) in RAW 264.7 cells. Although AchE expression was barely affected by MAN at 5 μg/ml, its catalytic activity was reduced by almost 95%. Extracellular rather than intracellular Ach was notably raised shortly after MAN treatment. Furthermore, MAN at 5 μg/ml effectively inhibited LPS-induced increase in phosphorylation and nucleus translocation of p65 subunit, and secretion of TNF-α and IL-1β, which was then offset by methyllycaconitine citrate hydrate. Conclusion: MAN activated CAP by increasing peripheral Ach and up-regulating α7nAchR expression, which eventually led to NF-κB inhibition and remission of acute inflammations.

scholarly journals Spontaneous recurrent seizures after status epilepticus induced by soman in Sprague-Dawley rats

Epilepsia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 51 (8) ◽  
pp. 1503-1510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcio De Araujo Furtado ◽  
Lucille A. Lumley ◽  
Christopher Robison ◽  
Lawrence C. Tong ◽  
Spencer Lichtenstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Status Epilepticus ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Spontaneous Recurrent Seizures

Benefit Agmatine Effects in Experimental Multiple Sclerosis. CNS Nitrosative and Oxidative Stress Suppression / Protektivni Efekti Agmatina U Eksperimentalnoj Multiploj Sklerozi. Supresija Nitrozativnog I Oksidativnog Stresa U CNS-U

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-243
Author(s):  
Ivana Stojanović ◽  
Srđan Ljubisavljević ◽  
Ivana Stevanović ◽  
Slavica Stojnev ◽  
Radmila Pavlović ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Summary The aim of this study was to investigate the exogenous agmatine influence on nitrosative and oxidative stress parameters in acute phase of multiple sclerosis (MS) experimental model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). EAE was induced by subcutaneous injection of myelin basic protein (50 μg per animal). Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups: I group - (CG), treated by PBS (i.p.), II group - (EAE), III group - (CFA), treated with Complete Freund’s adjuvant (0.2 ml subcutaneously), IV group - (EAE+AGM), treated by agmatine (75 mg/kg bw i.p.) upon EAE induction and V group - (AGM), received only agmatine in the same dose. The animals were treated every day during experiment - from day 0 to 15, and clinically scored every day. They were sacrificed on day 16 from MBP application. NO2+NO3, S-nitrosothiols (RSNO), malondyaldehide (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentrations and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were determined in rat whole encephalitic mass (WEM) and cerebellum homogenates. Agmatine exerted strong protective effects on EAE clinical symptoms (p<0.05). In EAE brain homogenates, NO2+NO3, RSNO and MDA concentrations were increased compared to CG values. Agmatine treatment diminished NO2+NO3, RSNO and MDA levels in EAE animals (p<0.05). In EAE rats, GSH level and SOD activity were decreased compared to CG values, but agmatine treatment increased both parameters compared to EAE untreated animals (p<0.05). Immunohistochemical staining supported the clinical and biochemical findings in all groups. The CNS changes in EAE are successfully supressed by agmatine application, which could be the the new aspect of the neuroprotective effects of agmatine.

scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory activity of palmitoylethanolamide ameliorates osteoarthritis induced by monosodium iodoacetate in Sprague–Dawley rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 1475-1486
Author(s):  
Jae In Jung ◽  
Hyun Sook Lee ◽  
Young Eun Jeon ◽  
So Mi Kim ◽  
Su Hee Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Acid Amide ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Leukotriene B4 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Monosodium Iodoacetate ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

AbstractNovel treatment strategies are urgently required for osteoarthritis (OA). Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is a naturally occurring fatty acid amide with analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. We aimed to examine its effect on OA and elucidate the molecular mechanism of actions in monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced OA Sprague–Dawley rats. The experimental animals were divided into normal control group (injected with saline + treated with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), NOR), control group (injected with MIA + treated with PBS, CON), 50 or 100 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day PEA-treated group (injected with MIA + treated with 50 or 100 mg of PEA/kg BW/day, PEA50 or PEA100), and positive control group (injected with MIA + treated with 6 mg of diclofenac/kg BW/day, DiC). The changes in blood parameters, body parameters, gene expression of inflammatory mediators and cytokines, knee thickness, and joint tissue were observed. Oral administration of PEA had no adverse effects on the BW, liver, or kidneys. PEA reduced knee joint swelling and cartilage degradation in MIA-induced OA rats. The serum levels of leukotriene B4, nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and prostaglandin E2 considerably reduced in the PEA100 group compared with those in the CON group. In the synovia of knee joints, the mRNA expression of iNOS, 5-Lox, Cox-2, Il-1β, Tnf-α, and Mmp-2, -3, -9, and -13 apparently increased with MIA administration. Meanwhile, Timp-1 mRNA expression apparently decreased in the CON group but increased to the normal level with PEA treatment. Thus, PEA can be an effective therapeutic agent for OA.

scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous extracts of Ove Costa Rican medicinalplants in Sprague-Dawley rats

2015 ◽  
pp. 723-727
Author(s):  
Beatriz Badilla ◽  
Gerardo Mora ◽  
Luis Jorge Poveda
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rican ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Edema Model ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Lethal Doses

The anti-inflamrnatory properties of Loasa specic¡sa and Loasa triphylla (Loasaceae), Urtica leptuphylla and Urera baccifera (Urticaceae), and Chaptalia nutans (Astemceae) were studied using the carregeenan induced mt paw edema model. Aqueous extmcts of each plant were made according to the ethnoboranical use. The hippocratic assay was made with female mts; the dose used was 500 mglkg i.p. andthe control group received 0.5 mi of n.s.s .. A11 the lmimals treated showed hipothermia, and those treated with the extmcts of Chaptalia nutans, Urera baccifera and Urtica lept/lPhylla showed an increased colinergic activity. Acute toxicities of !he aqueous extmcts were studied in mice an tbe mean lethal doses ranged between 1.0226 and 1.2022 glkg. The extracts of Urera baccifera, Chaptalia nutans, Loasa speciosa and Loasa triphylla (500 mglkg i.p.) showed an antiinflarnmatory activity compamble with that of indomethacin. The extracts of U. baccifera and C. nutans, which showed the gI"tatest anti-inflamrtJatory activity, did not show it when used orally (500 mg/k:g p.o.).

scholarly journals L-dopa-Dependent Effects of GLP-1R Agonists on the Survival of Dopaminergic Cells Transplanted into a Rat Model of Parkinson Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12346
Author(s):  
Osama F. Elabi ◽  
Jeffrey S. Davies ◽  
Emma L. Lane
Keyword(s):  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Potential Interaction ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Striatal Grafts ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1

Cell therapy is a promising treatment for Parkinson’s disease (PD), however clinical trials to date have shown relatively low survival and significant patient-to-patient variability. Glucagon Like Peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists have potential neuroprotective effects on endogenous dopaminergic neurons. This study explores whether these agents could similarly support the growth and survival of newly transplanted neurons. 6-OHDA lesioned Sprague Dawley rats received intra-striatal grafts of dopaminergic ventral mesencephalic cells from embryonic day 14 Wistar rat embryos. Transplanted rats then received either saline or L-dopa (12 mg/kg) administered every 48 h prior to, and following cell transplantation. Peripheral GLP-1R agonist administration (exendin-4, 0.5 μg/kg twice daily or liraglutide, 100 μg/kg once daily) commenced immediately after cell transplantation and was maintained throughout the study. Graft survival increased under administration of exendin-4, with motor function improving significantly following treatment with both exendin-4 and liraglutide. However, this effect was not observed in rats administered with L-dopa. In contrast, L-dopa treatment with liraglutide increased graft volume, with parallel increases in motor function. However, this improvement was accompanied by an increase in leukocyte infiltration around the graft. The co-administration of L-dopa and exendin-4 also led to indicators of insulin resistance not seen with liraglutide, which may underpin the differential effects observed between the two GLP1-R agonists. Overall, there may be some benefit to the supplementation of grafted patients with GLP-1R agonists but the potential interaction with other pharmacological treatments needs to be considered in more depth.

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