Reconnoitering the role of Endothelin in Obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tapan Behl ◽  
Priya Nijhawan ◽  
Monika Sachdeva ◽  
Arun Kumar ◽  
Md. Sahab Uddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
English Language ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Gut Hormones ◽  
Substantial Effect ◽  
Related Complication ◽  
The Status ◽  
Excessive Adiposity

Background:: Obesity, metabolic disorders and diabetes mellitus are allied with increased cardiovascular risk. Given the vasoconstrictor activity of endothelin, enhanced endothelin has been hypothesized to take part in the disorder of adiposity associated vascular homeostasis. Moreover, elevated endothelin subsidizes endothelin dysregulated related to obesity, diabetes mellitus whereas alleviating the endothelin vasoconstrictor tone amends the unreliable endothelium - dependent vasodilation. Objective: The main objective of the current manuscript is to enumerate the intrinsic role of endothelin in obesity and related complications. Methods: A deep research on the literature available till date for endothelin in obesity as conducted using various medical sites like PubMed, MEDLINE from internet and data was collected. The articles were majorly preferred in English language. Results: The substantial effect of obesity on the progression of cardiac disorders has generated persistent efforts to expose the action associating with excessive adiposity to vascular dysregulation. Reduced vasodilator activity has been predicted as an early hemodynamic defect in obese individuals, also elevated vasoconstrictor tone elicits to vascular impairment. In certain, upregulation of endothelin activity, constantly reported in obese subjects, hasten obesity and its related complication, specifying the inflammatory and mitogenic activities of endothelin. Recently, various gut hormones, in association with their role as an accent of food intake, energy homeostasis, and triglycerides metabolism have reported numerous vascular properties. They escalate the bioavailability of vasodilators mediator i.e. nitric oxide and prevent the endothelin activity. These characteristics make gut hormones a favorable approach for targeting both metabolic and cardiovascular conditions of obesity. Conclusion: The present review demonstrates the intrinsic role of endothelin as a novel molecule in the progression of obesity and focuses on the status of endothelin inhibitors as a therapeutic potential in preventing obesity and related complications.

scholarly journals THE TEACHING OF EFL LISTENING IN THE INDONESIAN CONTEXT: THE STATE OF THE ART

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 194
Author(s):  
Bambang Yudi Cahyono ◽  
Utami Widiati
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
English Language Teaching ◽  
International Language ◽  
Research And Teaching ◽  
The Status ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Teaching Of Listening ◽  
Listening Process

The status of English as a foreign language (EFL) in Indonesia necessitates the use of English native speakers' utterances as models of pronunciation and as standard of understanding messages in various contexts, be they academic or social. As recently English has developed as an international language that can be used as a means of communication between people from non-English speaking countries, the role of listening activities in the teaching of English cannot be neglected. This article highlights the importance of listening and reviews some of the issues in the research and teaching of EFL listening. It firstly presents a paradigm of the listening process, followed by a theoretical framework for teaching listening, especially in the broader context of English language teaching. It then discusses the teaching of and research on EFL listening in Indonesia. Finally, this article outlines some recommendations for more effective teaching of listening in EFL classrooms.

scholarly journals Gestational Diabetes, Colorectal Cancer, Bariatric Surgery, and Weight Loss among Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Mini Review of the Interplay of Multispecies Probiotics

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 192
Author(s):  
Emmanouil Benioudakis ◽  
Eleni Karlafti ◽  
Alexandra Bekiaridou ◽  
Triantafyllos Didangelos ◽  
Theodossis S. Papavramidis
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Wound Healing Process ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine Production ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Central Food

Diabetes mellitus has been steadily increasing over the past decades and is one of the most significant global public health concerns. Diabetes mellitus patients have an increased risk of both surgical and post-surgical complications. The post-surgical risks are associated with the primary condition that led to surgery and the hyperglycaemia per se. Gut microbiota seems to contribute to glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance. It affects the metabolism through body weight and energy homeostasis, integrating the peripheral and central food intake regulatory signals. Homeostasis of gut microbiota seems to be enhanced by probiotics pre and postoperatively. The term probiotics is used to describe some species of live microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer health benefits on the host. The role of probiotics in intestinal or microbial skin balance after abdominal or soft tissue elective surgeries on DM patients seems beneficial, as it promotes anti-inflammatory cytokine production while increasing the wound-healing process. This review article aims to present the interrelation of probiotic supplements with DM patients undergoing elective surgeries.

Glycemic variability in patients with diabetes mellitus and different stages of diabetic nephropathy

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
A. R. Volkova ◽  
V. S. Mozgunova ◽  
M. E. Chernaya ◽  
A. O. Sobenin ◽  
V. M. Lagoyko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Microvascular Complications ◽  
Glycemic Variability ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Glucose Reabsorption ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

The relevance of the study of glycemic variability in patients with diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy is due to disability of the able-bodied population and high mortality against the background of the almost irreversible progression of diabetic nephropathy. The article highlights modern ideas about the influence of various factors on the occurrence of diabetic nephropathy and its course. The article is devoted to a review of current recommendations on diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy; the etiopathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy was described in detail. The role of the kidneys in glucose homeostasis, renal gluconeogenesis, and glucose reabsorption by the kidneys in healthy and in pathology is described. Detailed expositions of glycemic variability parameters, their changes in patients with diabetes mellitus depending on the stage of diabetic kidney damage are presented. The role of the kidneys in maintaining energy homeostasis, impaired glucose homeostasis in conditions of chronic kidney disease is described. We analyzed different options for insulin therapy, their advantages, and disadvantages in patients with diabetes mellitus with diabetic nephropathy. The presented material is extremely relevant for the development and implementation in the clinical practice of glycemic control methods to optimize treatment tactics, prevent the formation of microvascular complications, and early disability of patients with diabetes mellitus.

The role of AMP-activated protein kinase in the coordination of skeletal muscle turnover and energy homeostasis

2012 ◽  
Vol 303 (5) ◽  
pp. C475-C485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony M. J. Sanchez ◽  
Robin B. Candau ◽  
Alfredo Csibi ◽  
Allan F. Pagano ◽  
Audrey Raibon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Energy Status ◽  
Muscle Plasticity ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Muscle Homeostasis ◽  
Amp Activated Protein Kinase

The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a serine/threonine protein kinase that acts as a sensor of cellular energy status switch regulating several systems including glucose and lipid metabolism. Recently, AMPK has been implicated in the control of skeletal muscle mass by decreasing mTORC1 activity and increasing protein degradation through regulation of ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy pathways. In this review, we give an overview of the central role of AMPK in the control of skeletal muscle plasticity. We detail particularly its implication in the control of the hypertrophic and atrophic signaling pathways. In the light of these cumulative and attractive results, AMPK appears as a key player in regulating muscle homeostasis and the modulation of its activity may constitute a therapeutic potential in treating muscle wasting syndromes in humans.

scholarly journals The Status and Role of English as a Language of Administration in Bhutan

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
Karma Tshering
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
National Language ◽  
The World ◽  
English Usage ◽  
The Status

English as a language of the world has reached into the tiny Himalayan Kingdom of Bhutan from the time of the colonisation of India by the British and this paper examined the status and role of English as a language of administration in the country. English in Bhutan is regarded as EFL while Nepal and Bangladesh has the status of L2. Therefore, why not the status of English in Bhutan is L2 as the country lies in the same geographical zone- sharing boarders with India and Nepal. The results presented in this paper accounts with various views and opinions given by 104 respondents from different organisations. The data obtained were analysed using descriptive statistics and the study found out that English in Bhutan has the status of L2 by having adopted it as a language of administration, education, media, businesses, etc. The findings revealed that English is used more than the national language Dzongkha with more than (80%) of the tasks being performed in English in various domains. The study also showed 100% English usage in banking, communication outside the country and 90-100% in e-communication, confirming the fact that English is used as a language of administration. Interestingly, this study reported that English language is preferred in the families as a language of convenience.

scholarly journals Proletarianization of English Language Teaching: Iranian EFL teachers and their alternative role as transformative intellectuals

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parvin Safari
Keyword(s):  
Critical Pedagogy ◽  
English Language ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
English Language Teaching ◽  
Context Change ◽  
The Status

In the field of English Language Teaching (ELT), attention has been shifted toward the alternative role of teachers as transformative intellectuals whereby transformation in teaching occurs from control and technical operations to criticism and intellectual reflection. This role enables teachers to focus on marginalized students’ lived experiences and worlds to transform them into active and critical citizens who are emancipated to develop their voices and question the status quo. Through critically examining the learning milieu that maintains injustice and inequality, students struggle to connect it to sociopolitical conditions in wider society, and eventually transform it to meet the desired ideologies and thinking. This paper attempts to scrutinize teachers’ role as transformative intellectuals and their challenges through the transformation process. Thus, the researcher used purposive sampling to select 26 teachers in four private language institutes of Tehran, Shiraz, and Yazd, Iran to adopt the role of transformative intellectuals based on theoretical principles and concepts of critical pedagogy. Semi-structured interview and an online focus group were used to collect data. Data analysis disclosed transformations and benefits as well as the challenges resulting from teachers becoming transformative intellectuals. The fruitful findings of this study are insightful, since this study is an example to show how language teachers can create transformation in the EFL context, change their fossilized role, and empower oppressed students within the institutionalized and oppressive system of schooling.

Role of Insulin Signaling in the Interaction Between Alzheimer Disease and Diabetes Mellitus: A Missing Link to Therapeutic Potential

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoyuki Sato ◽  
Shuko Takeda ◽  
Kozue Uchio-Yamada ◽  
Hironori Ueda ◽  
Tomomi Fujisawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Missing Link

scholarly journals Socio-Economic Upliftment through English Language in Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
Ashok Sapkota
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
English Language ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Research Trends ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Personal Stories ◽  
The Status ◽  
Historical Practices ◽  
Learning English

This article tries to focus on the role of English language in Nepal to uplift socioeconomic status tracing the shifts from historical practices, trends on academics, reviewing the status from policy practices and research trends. It tries to present the personal stories of learning English of professionals based on secondary source and reflecting the context of students from Nepal who desire to learn English. It tries to highlight the further suggestions and assumptions from Nepalese context in which role of English is studied in the socio-economic benefits.

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