Catalytic Conversion of Biorenewable Sugar Feedstocks into Market Chemicals

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 616-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Diamond ◽  
Alfred Hagemeyer ◽  
Vince Murphy ◽  
Valery Sokolovskii
Keyword(s):  
Adipic Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Aerobic Oxidation ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Catalyst Stability ◽  
Glucaric Acid ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Chemical Catalysis ◽  
Nylon 6,6

The transformation of low cost sugar feedstocks into market chemicals and monomers for existing or novel high performance polymers by chemical catalysis is reviewed. Emphasis is given to industrially relevant, continuous flow, trickle bed processes. Since long-term catalyst stability under hydrothermal conditions is an important issue to be addressed in liquid phase catalysis using carbohydrate feedstocks, we will primarily discuss the results of catalytic performance for prolonged times on stream. In particular, the selective aerobic oxidation of glucose to glucaric acid and the subsequent selective hydrogenation to adipic acid is reviewed. Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), which is readily available from fructose, can be upgraded by oxidation to furan dicarboxylic acid (FDCA) or by consecutive reduction and hydrogenolysis to hexanetriol (HTO) followed by hydrogenolysis to biobased hexanediol (HDO). Direct amination of HDO yields biobased hexamethylene diamine (HMDA). Aerobic oxidation of HDO represents an alternative route to biobased adipic acid. HMDA and adipic acid are the monomers required for the production of nylon- 6,6, a major polymer for engineering and fibre applications.

scholarly journals Hierarchical H-ZSM5 zeolites based on natural kaolinite as a high-performance catalyst for methanol to aromatic hydrocarbons conversion

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Asghari ◽  
Mohammadreza Khanmohammadi Khorrami ◽  
Sayed Habib Kazemi
Keyword(s):  
Pore Size ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Direct Synthesis ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Methanol Conversion ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Good Prospect

AbstractThe present work introduces a good prospect for the development of hierarchical catalysts with excellent catalytic performance in the methanol to aromatic hydrocarbons conversion (MTA) process. Hierarchical H-ZSM5 zeolites, with a tailored pore size and different Si/Al ratios, were synthesized directly using natural kaolin clay as a low-cost silica and aluminium resource. Further explored for the direct synthesis of hierarchical HZSM-5 structures was the steam assisted conversion (SAC) with a cost-effective and green affordable saccharide source of high fructose corn syrup (HFCS), as a secondary mesopore agent. The fabricated zeolites exhibiting good crystallinity, 2D and 3D nanostructures, high specific surface area, tailored pore size, and tunable acidity. Finally, the catalyst performance in the conversion of methanol to aromatic hydrocarbons was tested in a fixed bed reactor. The synthesized H-ZSM5 catalysts exhibited superior methanol conversion (over 100 h up to 90%) and selectivity (over 85%) in the methanol conversion to aromatic hydrocarbon products.

scholarly journals Self-Supporting g-C3N4 Nanosheets/Ag Nanoparticles Embedded onto Polyester Fabric as “Dip-Catalyst” for Synergic 4-Nitrophenol Hydrogenation

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1533
Author(s):  
Abdallah Amedlous ◽  
Mohammed Majdoub ◽  
Zakaria Anfar ◽  
Elhassan Amaterz
Keyword(s):  
Ag Nanoparticles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Polyester Fabric ◽  
Ag Nps ◽  
Future Design ◽  
Chemical Catalysis ◽  
Coated Fabrics

Herein, we report the design of a cost-effective catalyst with excellent recyclability, simple recuperation and facile recovery, and the examination between the reaction cycles via the development of self-supporting g-C3N4 nanosheets/Ag NPs polyester fabric (PES) using a simple, facile and efficient approach. PES fabrics were coated via a sono-coating method with carbon nitride nanosheets (GCNN) along with an in situ setting of Ag nanoparticles on PES coated GCNN surface producing PES-GCNN/Ag0. The elaborated textile-based materials were fully characterized using FTIR, 13C NMR, XRD, TGA, SEM, EDX, etc. Catalytic performance of the designed “Dip-Catalyst” demonstrated that the as-prepared PES-GCCN/Ag0 has effectively catalyzed the hydrogenation of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4-aminophenol (4-AP) in the presence of NaBH4. The 3 × 3 cm2 PES-GCNN/Ag0 showed the best catalytic activity, displaying an apparent rate constant (Kapp) equal to 0.43 min−1 and more than 10 reusability cycles, suggesting that the prepared catalyst-based PES fabric can be a strong nominee for sustainable chemical catalysis. Moreover, the coated fabrics exhibited appreciable antibacterial capacity against Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). The present study opens up new opportunities for the future design of a low cost and large-scale process of functional fabrics.

scholarly journals BIOTRANSFORMASI ADIPONITRIL OLEH Bacillus licheniformis BA2

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Ahmad Thontowi ◽  
Eko W. Pamuji ◽  
Bambang Sunarko
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Licheniformis ◽  
Adipic Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Nylon 6,6 ◽  
Sequential Formation

Adipic acid represents one of the especial materials which used for the synthesis of nylon 6,6,- is a very important material results from polyamide industry. Adiponitrile biotransformation become adipic acid represent an alternative synthesis besides chemically. The purpose of this research was to determine optimum conditions for Bacillus licheniformis BA2 growth for adiponitrile degradation, and also know its pattern. The obtained information, to be expected can be used as reference for scaling up of adipic acid production. B. licheniformis BA2 was able to utilize acetonitrile and adiponitrile as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen. The growth on adiponitrile 120 mM mixture with acetonitrile 30 mM gave higher growth rate and biomass yield than growth on another subsrates. B. licheniformis BA2 have lag phase during 68 hours, logaritmic phase passed by during 104 hours, while stasioner phase just reached by after 172 hours. High-performance liquid chromatography of adiponitrile degradation by crude bacterial revealed a decrease in adiponitrile with the sequential formation of adipamide and adipic acid. Ammonia was also detected by colorimetric procedures. As for adipic acid rendemen at 420 minutes equal to 19.35 percent.

Pt catalysts for efficient aerobic oxidation of glucose to glucaric acid in water

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 3815-3822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jechan Lee ◽  
Basudeb Saha ◽  
Dionisios G. Vlachos
Keyword(s):  
Adipic Acid ◽  
Aerobic Oxidation ◽  
Pt Catalysts ◽  
Glucaric Acid ◽  
Oxidation Of Glucose

Glucaric acid, a promising bio-based chemical for the production of adipic acid, is produced on a commercial Pt/C catalyst via aerobic oxidation of glucose in water.

scholarly journals Ampoule method fabricated sulfur vacancy-rich N-doped ZnS electrodes for ammonia production in alkaline media

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Da-Ming Feng ◽  
Ying Sun ◽  
Zhong-Yong Yuan ◽  
Yang Fu ◽  
Baohua Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Sites ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Metal Sulfide ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Alkaline Media ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Zinc Electrode ◽  
Faradaic Efficiency

AbstractThe electrochemical production of green and low-cost ammonia requests the development of high-performance electrocatalysts. In this work, the ampoule method was applied to modulate the surface of the zinc electrode by implanting defects and low-valent active sites. The N-doped ZnS electrocatalyst was thus generated by sulfurization with thiourea and applied for electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (ENRR). Given the rich sulfur vacancies and abundant Zn-N active sites on the surface, excellent catalytic activity and selectivity were obtained, with an NH3 yield rate of 2.42 × 10–10 mol s−1 cm−2 and a Faradaic efficiency of 7.92% at − 0.6 V vs. RHE in 0.1 M KOH solution. Moreover, the as-synthesized zinc electrode exhibits high stability after five recycling tests and a 24 h potentiostatic test. The comparison with Zn foil, non-doping ZnS/Zn and recent metal sulfide electrocatalysts further demonstrated advanced catalytic performance of N@ZnS/Zn for ENRR. By simple synthesis, S vacancies, and N-doping defects, this promising electrocatalyst would represent a good addition to the arena of transition-metal-based catalysts with superior performance in ENRR. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals Ni0.5Cu0.5Co2O4 Nanocomposites, Morphology, Controlled Synthesis, and Catalytic Performance in the Hydrolysis of Ammonia Borane for Hydrogen Production

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yufa Feng ◽  
Jin Zhang ◽  
Huilong Ye ◽  
Liling Li ◽  
Huize Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ammonia Borane ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Active Species ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Strong Candidate ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

The catalytic hydrolysis of ammonia borane (AB) is a promising route to produce hydrogen for mobile hydrogen‒oxygen fuel cells. In this study, we have successfully synthesized a variety of Ni0.5Cu0.5Co2O4 nanocomposites with different morphology, including nanoplatelets, nanoparticles, and urchin-like microspheres. The catalytic performance of those Ni0.5Cu0.5Co2O4 composites in AB hydrolysis is investigated. The Ni0.5Cu0.5Co2O4 nanoplatelets show the best catalytic performance despite having the smallest specific surface area, with a turnover frequency (TOF) of 80.2 molhydrogen·min−1·mol−1cat. The results reveal that, in contrast to the Ni0.5Cu0.5Co2O4 nanoparticles and microspheres, the Ni0.5Cu0.5Co2O4 nanoplatelets are more readily reduced, leading to the fast formation of active species for AB hydrolysis. These findings provide some insight into the design of high-performance oxide-based catalysts for AB hydrolysis. Considering their low cost and high catalytic activity, Ni0.5Cu0.5Co2O4 nanoplatelets are a strong candidate catalyst for the production of hydrogen through AB hydrolysis in practical applications.

Pyrolysis of self-assembled hemin on carbon for efficient oxygen reduction reaction

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (09) ◽  
pp. 1013-1019
Author(s):  
Shen Shen ◽  
Zihui Zhai ◽  
Jiaqi Qin ◽  
Xue Zhang ◽  
Yujiang Song
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Hydrogen Electrode ◽  
Onset Potential ◽  
High Durability ◽  
Alkaline Electrolytes

The employment of inexpensive metallomacrocycles to create non-precious metal electrocatalysts (NPMEs) with high performance remains a challenge. Herein, we report the self-assembly of low-cost and abundant hemin on carbon black (EC600) under hydrothermal conditions in combination with subsequent pyrolysis, leading to a new NPME. Our NPME exhibits a half-wave potential of 0.89 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), an onset potential of 1.0 V vs. RHE and an average HO[Formula: see text] yield below 2% as well as high durability toward oxygen reduction reactions (ORR) in alkaline electrolytes, ranking at the top of all reported NPMEs derived from hemin.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Benzil by Air Oxidation of Benzoin and M(Salen) Catalyst

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuxin Shen ◽  
Liting Xu ◽  
Yiyan Jiang ◽  
Ran Zheng ◽  
Yiping Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Air Oxidation ◽  
Catalyst Recycling ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Salen Complex ◽  
1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Optimum Reaction

Bis salicylaldehyde ethylenediamine Schiff base (Salen) and its complexes with three metal ions (Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+) were prepared, and characterized by infrared spectroscopy(IR). Using air as oxygen source, the optimum reaction conditions for the catalytic oxidation of 0.05 mol benzoin by Co (Salen) were obtained by orthogonal test as follows: base KOH 2 g, catalyst 1.5 g, N, N-dimethylformamide(DMF) as solvent, reaction temperature 40 °C, reaction time 1 h. Under these conditions, the catalytic performances of different metal complexes were investigated. The catalytic activity of Co(Salen) was the best one, the yield of benzil was up to 93.6%, the number of Ni(Salen) and Zn(Salen) was 86.3% and 82.1%, respectively. The reused catalytic performance of M(Salen) complex was also studied. The catalytic activity of Co(Salen), Ni(Salen) and Zn(Salen) was stable after 4 times recycle, the yield of benzil was 71.4%, 63.3% and 57.4%, respectively, and it was easy for catalyst recycling. The oxidation product was certainly benzil with high purity according to the characterization results of melting point(MP), IR, high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance(1H NMR). Compared with the common synthetic method of benzil, this one has the advantages of friendly environment, low cost and easy operation. It is a simple and green way to synthesize benzoyl efficiently.

scholarly journals CuO enhances the photocatalytic activity of Fe₂O₃ through synergistic reactive oxygen species interactions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Asenath-Smith ◽  
Emma Ambrogi ◽  
Eftihia Barnes ◽  
Jonathon Brame
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Photocatalytic Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Solar Spectrum ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Order Rate Constant ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions

Iron oxide (α-Fe₂O₃, hematite) colloids were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and investigated as catalysts for the photodegradation of an organic dye under broad-spectrum illumination. To enhance photocatalytic performance, Fe₂O₃ was combined with other transition-metal oxide (TMO) colloids (e.g., CuO and ZnO), which are sensitive to different regions of the solar spectrum (far visible and ultraviolet, respectively), using a ternary blending approach for compositional mixtures. For a variety of ZnO/Fe₂O₃/CuO mole ratios, the pseudo-first-order rate constant for methyl orange degradation was at least double the sum of the individual Fe₂O₃ and CuO rate constants, indicating there is an underlying synergy governing the photocatalysis reaction with these combinations of TMOs. A full compositional study was carried out to map the interactions between the three TMOs. Additional experiments probed the identity and role of reactive oxygen species and elucidated the mechanism by which CuO enhanced Fe₂O₃ photodegradation while ZnO did not. The increased photocatalytic performance of Fe2O3 in the presence of CuO was associated with hydroxyl radical ROS, consistent with heterogeneous photo-Fenton mechanisms, which are not accessible by ZnO. These results imply that low-cost photocatalytic materials can be engineered for high performance under solar illumination by selective pairing of TMOs with compatible ROS.

High Performance Cu2 O–CoO/SiC Nanocomposites for Gas-Phase Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol to Benzaldehyde

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 664-669
Author(s):  
Xiaodong Dai ◽  
Chunjian Hu ◽  
Huanrong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Benzyl Alcohol ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Aerobic Oxidation ◽  
Catalytic Performance ◽  
Oxidation Of Benzyl Alcohol ◽  
Phase Oxidation ◽  
Reaction Performance ◽  
Gas Phase Oxidation ◽  
Alcohol Conversion

High-performance CoO–Cu2 O/SiC is prepared for the gas-phase aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol of benzaldehyde, which delivers much higher catalytic performance (92% benzyl alcohol conversion and 99% selectivity at 260 °C) than the solo CoO/SiC and Cu2 O/SiC. TEM image indicates that the small size CoO and Cu2 O nanoparticles are homogeneously distributed on the support. Control experiments indicate that Cu2 O–CoO interfaces are responsible for their better reaction performance.

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