Recent patents, regulatory issues, and toxicity of nanoparticles in neuronal disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Muheem ◽  
Mohammed Asadullah Jahangir ◽  
Chandra Prakash Jaiswal ◽  
Mohammed Jafar ◽  
Mohammad Zaki Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Toxicity ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Regulatory Issues ◽  
Safety Regulations ◽  
Regulatory Guidelines ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Neuronal Disorders

Background:: From last few decades, nanoparticles have witnessed breakthroughs in the treatment of neurological disorders due to their unique physiochemical properties which make them effective drug delivery system. However, there is not much information available on the toxicity of nanoparticles in neuronal disorders. The toxic effect of nanoparticles on brain disorders and their regulatory issues is the primary concern of the healthcare industry. Methods:: A strategical literature search was performed on a various bibliographic database such as Scopus, PubMed, SciFinder, Google Scholar, Medline, Google patent, Derwent Innovation, and Orbit Intelligence for retrieval of peerreviewed articles and patents on regulatory issues and toxicity of nanoparticles in neuronal disorders over the past four decades or so. The relevant hits of articles and patents were analyzed and citation search for the relevant documents was carried out. Results:: The literature documents have been summarized regarding the existing regulatory issues and toxicity of nanoparticles on neuronal disorders with a focus on the detailed mechanism of developmental toxicity of nanoparticles. The focus of this report is to emphasize the negative effects of nanoparticle on neuronal disorders which may partially contribute to management of toxicity of nanoparticles. Conclusion:: Although nanoparticles have unique physical and chemical properties that explain the broad range of application for the central nervous system, they can also manifest neurotoxic effects due to cell necrosis, a generation of free radicals, immune responses and neuroinflammation. Thus, this review highlights on risk assessment, safety regulations and regulatory guidelines of nanoparticles which may reduce adverse reactions in humans and animals.

Contributions to the Knowledge of Sandy Soils from Oltenia Plain

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 192-200
Author(s):  
Anca-Luiza Stanila ◽  
Catalin Cristian Simota ◽  
Mihail Dumitru
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Physical Geography ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Wind Characteristic ◽  
The One ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Highlighting the sandy soil of Oltenia Plain calls for a better knowledge of their variability their correlation with major natural factors from each physical geography. Pedogenetic processes specific sandy soils are strongly influenced by nature parent material. This leads, on the one hand, climate aridity of the soil due to strong heating and accumulation of small water reserves, consequences emphasizing the moisture deficit in the development of the vegetation and favoring weak deflation, and on the other hand, an increase in mineralization organic matter. Relief under wind characteristic sandy land, soil formation and distribution has some particularly of flat land with the land formed on the loess. The dune ridges are less evolved soils, profile underdeveloped and poorly supplied with nutrients compared to those on the slopes of the dunes and the interdune, whose physical and chemical properties are more favorable to plant growth.Both Romanati Plain and the Blahnita (Mehedinti) Plain and Bailesti Plain, sand wind shaped covering a finer material, loamy sand and even loess (containing up to 26% clay), also rippled with negative effects in terms of overall drainage. Depending on the pedogenetic physical and geographical factors that have contributed to soil cover, in the researched were identified following classes of soils: protisols, cernisols, cambisols, luvisols, hidrisols and antrosols.Obtaining appropriate agricultural production requires some land improvement works (especially fitting for irrigation) and agropedoameliorative works. Particular attention should be paid to preventing and combating wind erosion.

Synthesis, Spectral, Bio Assay, Chromatographic - Studying of New Imidazole Reagents Via Three Components Reaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 115-122
Author(s):  
Mohammed Nawfal Abdul Maged Alkhafaji ◽  
Hutham Abd Ali Abd Al Hussain ◽  
Dr. Nagham Mahmood Aljamali
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Condensation Process ◽  
Chromatographic Study ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Imidazoles are part of the theophylline Reagent, found in tea leaves and coffee beans, which stimulates the central nervous system. It is found in the anti-cancer drug mercaptopurine, which fights leukemia by interfering with DNA systems. A number of prepared imidazoles, including clotrimazole, are selective inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase, which makes them interesting drug targets in inflammation, respiratory diseases and tumors of the nervous system. Other biological activities of the drug carrier imidazole relate to deregulation of the intracellular fluxes of (Ca and K) ions. Novel imidazole –heterocyclic reagents were created via cyclization process then condensation process., followed by investigation of all created new reagents via a number of spectral performances (FT.IR, H.NMR)–spectrophotometric, other physical and chemical properties, and chromatographic study with microbial studying for all new created imidazole reagents.

Alternative Microturbine Fuels Feasibility Study Through Thermal Stability, Material Compatibility, and Engine Testing

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Arias Quintero ◽  
Joshua Schmitt ◽  
Richard Blair ◽  
Jayanta Kapat
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Operation Costs ◽  
Turbine Performance ◽  
Engine Testing ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Historically, gas turbine fuels have been procured based on availability and low cost criteria. However,in the past few decades, with the growing concern over the negative environmental impacts produced by emissions, alternative fuels have been developed and tested under the objective of reducing such negative effects. The physical properties and broad chemical composition of fuels, including trace elements, may result in engine performance issues found only after extensive operation. This, in turn, results in higher maintenance and operation costs. This paper studies the feasibility of several renewable fuels for microturbine application, identifying key relationships between the physical and chemical properties, thermal stability, materials compatibility, and turbine performance.

scholarly journals The Effects of Nicosulfuron and Glyphosate on Microbial Activity of Different Soils

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lj. ŠANTRIC ◽  
Lj. RADIVOJEVIC ◽  
J. GAJIC-UMILJENDIC ◽  
M. SARIC-KRSMANOVIC ◽  
R. ÐUROVIC-PEJCEV
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Treatment Rate ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
Laboratory Changes ◽  
Physical And Chemical

ABSTRACT: The effects of the nicosulfuron and glyphosate herbicides on microbial activity in two soils with different physical and chemical properties (loam and sand) were investigated. Nicosulfuron was applied at the rates of 0.3, 0.6, 3.0 and 30.0 mg kg-1 soil and glyphosate at 32.6, 65.2, 326.0 and 3260.0 mg kg-1 soil in the laboratory. Changes in dehydrogenase and urease activity, as well as in microbial biomass carbon, were examined. Samples for the analysis were collected at 3, 7, 14, 30 and 45 days after herbicide application. The results showed that the effects of nicosulfuron and glyphosate depended on treatment rate, duration of activity, test parameters and soil types. In general, application of the herbicides significantly increased the activity of dehydrogenase and urease. Nicosulfuron had a stimulating activity on microbial biomass carbon in loam, while both herbicides demonstrated negative effects on the parameter in the sandy soil.

scholarly journals Impact of Nanoparticles on Brain Health: An Up to Date Overview

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Teleanu ◽  
Cristina Chircov ◽  
Alexandru Grumezescu ◽  
Adrian Volceanov ◽  
Raluca Teleanu
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Brain Health ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Neurotoxic Effects ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Nanoparticles are zero-dimensional nanomaterials and, based on their nature, they can be categorized into organic, inorganic, and composites nanoparticles. Due to their unique physical and chemical properties, nanoparticles are extensively used in a variety of fields, including medicine, pharmaceutics, and food industry. Although they have the potential to improve the diagnosis and treatment of brain diseases, it is fundamentally important to develop standardized toxicological studies, which can prevent the induction of neurotoxic effects. The focus of this review is to emphasize both the beneficial and negative effects of nanoparticles on brain health.

scholarly journals The Poisoning Effect of Na Doping over Mn-Ce/TiO2Catalyst for Low-Temperature Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO by NH3

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Liu Yang ◽  
Yue Tan ◽  
Zhongyi Sheng ◽  
Aiyi Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Selective Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Poisoning Effect ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), sodium nitrate (NaNO3), and sodium chloride (NaCl) were chosen as the precursors to prepare the Na salts deposited Mn-Ce/TiO2catalysts through an impregnation method. The influence of Na on the performance of the Mn-Ce/TiO2catalyst for low-temperature selective catalytic reduction ofNOxby NH3was investigated. Experimental results showed that Na salts had negative effects on the activity of Mn-Ce/TiO2and the precursors of Na salts also affected the catalytic activity. The precursor Na2CO3had a greater impact on the catalytic activity, while NaNO3had minimal effect. The characterization results indicated that the significant changes in physical and chemical properties of Mn-Ce/TiO2were observed after Na was doped on the catalysts. The significant decreases in surface areas and NH3adsorption amounts were observed after Na was doped on the catalysts, which could be considered as the main reasons for the deactivation of Na deposited Mn-Ce/TiO2.

scholarly journals Posidonia-based Compost as a Peat Substitute for Lettuce Transplant Production

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 1438-1444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Mininni ◽  
Pietro Santamaria ◽  
Hamada M. Abdelrahman ◽  
Claudio Cocozza ◽  
Teodoro Miano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Posidonia Oceanica ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Posidonia [Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile] is a marine phanerogam endemic of the Mediterranean Sea that grows all along the coast forming extensive underwater meadows. Senescent posidonia leaves, together with fibers (residues of rhizomes and decomposed leaves), periodically accumulate along Mediterranean beaches, covering vast areas of coast. Removal and disposal of these large volumes of plant biomasses represent a high cost for local administrations. Therefore, in this experiment, beached residues of posidonia were composted with olive pruning and green wastes with the objective to assess the efficacy of posidonia-based compost (63% on a volume basis) as a peat replacement. The compost was then mixed with a peat-based commercial substrate at rates of 0% (C0, pure peat-based commercial substrate tested as control), 25% (C25), 50% (C50), 75% (C75), and 100% (C100, pure posidonia-based compost) v/v. Mixtures were used as growing media to produce lettuce seedlings for transplant. Two lettuce cultivars (8511RZ and Satine) were tested. Main physical and chemical properties of the five growing media, shoot and root fresh and dry weight, leaf area, root morphology, and elemental leaf tissue composition were studied. Growing media containing posidonia-based compost, C25 and C50 in particular, showed good physical properties. Increasing compost proportions in the mixtures resulted in enhanced: 1) availability of macro- and micronutrients in the growing media; and 2) overall growth parameters of lettuce seedlings, in particular for the cultivar Satine. In conclusion, posidonia-based compost shows a considerable potential as a peat substitute in horticultural substrates; posidonia residues are a low-cost renewable material. In growing media for lettuce seedlings production, posidonia-based compost could be used as a complement to peat at a rate of 25% or 50% to obtain optimal physical properties and to limit the negative effects of high B content, which are typical of posidonia residues.

scholarly journals Aftereffect of herbicides and the dynamics of their decomposition in various agricultural landscapes

2019 ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Yuriy Yakovlevich Spiridonov ◽  
Nikolay Ivanovich Budynkov ◽  
Nikolay Ivanovich Strizhkov ◽  
Natalya Borisovna Suminova ◽  
Larisa Borisovna Sayfullina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Hydrothermal Regime ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

They are given results of experiments to determine the dynamics of decomposition and residual amounts of herbicides in the soil and in the products in various agricultural landscapes. It has been established that the duration of herbicides conservation in soil, primarily sulfonylureas, and the associated level of their negative effects on sensitive crops rotate depend on the relief, soil type, their physical and chemical properties, the hydrothermal regime of the environment and the nature of anthropogenic impact on the agroecosystem.  

Alternative Microturbine Fuels Feasibility Study Through Thermal Stability, Material Compatibility and Engine Testing

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Arias Quintero ◽  
J. Schmitt ◽  
R. Blair ◽  
J. Kapat
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Operation Costs ◽  
Turbine Performance ◽  
Engine Testing ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Historically, gas turbine fuels have been procured based on availability and low cost criteria. But in the last few decades, with the growing concern over the negative environmental impacts produced by emissions, alternative fuels have been developed and tested with the objective to reduce such negative effects. Physical properties and the broad chemical composition, including trace elements, may result in engine performance issues found only after extensive operation. This, in turn, results in higher maintenance and operation costs. This paper studies the feasibility for microturbine application of several renewable fuels, identifying key relationships between physical and chemical properties, thermal stability, materials compatibility, and turbine performance.

scholarly journals Breaking Barriers: Bioinspired Strategies for Targeted Neuronal Delivery to the Central Nervous System

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana P. Spencer ◽  
Marília Torrado ◽  
Beatriz Custódio ◽  
Sara C. Silva-Reis ◽  
Sofia D. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Neurologic Diseases ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Specific Accumulation ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Interest ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Neuronal Delivery

Central nervous system (CNS) disorders encompass a vast spectrum of pathological conditions and represent a growing concern worldwide. Despite the high social and clinical interest in trying to solve these pathologies, there are many challenges to bridge in order to achieve an effective therapy. One of the main obstacles to advancements in this field that has hampered many of the therapeutic strategies proposed to date is the presence of the CNS barriers that restrict the access to the brain. However, adequate brain biodistribution and neuronal cells specific accumulation in the targeted site also represent major hurdles to the attainment of a successful CNS treatment. Over the last few years, nanotechnology has taken a step forward towards the development of therapeutics in neurologic diseases and different approaches have been developed to surpass these obstacles. The versatility of the designed nanocarriers in terms of physical and chemical properties, and the possibility to functionalize them with specific moieties, have resulted in improved neurotargeted delivery profiles. With the concomitant progress in biology research, many of these strategies have been inspired by nature and have taken advantage of physiological processes to achieve brain delivery. Here, the different nanosystems and targeting moieties used to achieve a neuronal delivery reported in the open literature are comprehensively reviewed and critically discussed, with emphasis on the most recent bioinspired advances in the field. Finally, we express our view on the paramount challenges in targeted neuronal delivery that need to be overcome for these promising therapeutics to move from the bench to the bedside.

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