A short review on important drugs under clinical trial against Covid-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Namita Misra
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Short Review ◽  
World Health ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Suspected Infection ◽  
Medicinal Treatment ◽  
Travel Restrictions ◽  
Personal Level ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Tract Infections

: Corona virus spreads from one to other person, either by touching the hands or by touching the surface contaminated with this virus, and then touching the nose or mouth. Covid-19 infected human symptoms are like any pneumonia symptoms, dry cough and high fever. Upper respiratory tract infections symptoms and sore throat are rare. First notified in china dated 12th December 2019 as a respiratory illness. In addition to travel restrictions and quarantine measures everyone should follow the World Health Organization advice guidelines on the management of humans infected with known or suspected infection with SARS-CoV-2 virus at the personal level. The development of vaccine or medicines for the same are under progress and this short review will summarize the most potential candidates such as Remdesivir, Lopinavir and Ritonavir, Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine with Azithromycin, Favipiravir, Umifenovir, and Ribavirin for its medicinal treatment.

scholarly journals Post-influenza neuromuscular complications

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
Kamila Tuzim ◽  
Tomasz Tuzim ◽  
Magdalena Urbańczuk ◽  
Marcin Urbańczuk ◽  
Katarzyna Schab
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
World Health ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Complications And Mortality ◽  
Neuromuscular Complications ◽  
Diagnostics And Therapy

According to the data of the World Health Organization, every year influenza develops in up to 1.575 billion people, and 1 million of them die. Although influenza viruses are the leading cause of the upper respiratory tract infections, severe neuromuscular complications occur as well, frequently leading to disability or even death. Children under five years of age and elderly people are at the highest risk of complications and mortality. The article discusses the selected neuromuscular complications of influenza, bringing particular attention to their etiology, symptomatology, diagnostics, and therapy.

scholarly journals Anosmia and Ageusia as Initial or Unique Symptoms after SARS-COV-2 Virus Infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calixto Machado ◽  
Joel Victor Gutierrez
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
World Health ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Prodromal Phase ◽  
The Common ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Post Infectious

SARS-CoV-2 (CoV-2) is a coronavirus which is causing the actual COVID-19 pandemic. The disease caused by 2019 new coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was named coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization in February 2020. Primary non-specific reported symptoms of 2019-nCoV infection at the prodromal phase are malaise, fever, and dry cough. The most commonly reported signs and symptoms are fever (98%), cough (76%), dyspnea (55%), and myalgia or fatigue (44%). Nonetheless, recent reports suggest an association between COVID-19 and altered olfactory and taste functions, although smell seems to be more affected than taste. These associations of smell and taste dysfunctions and CoV-2 are consistent with case reports describing a patient with SARS with long term anosmia after recovery from respiratory distress, with the observation that olfactory function is commonly altered after infection with endemic coronaviruses, and with data demonstrating that intentional experimental infection of humans with CoV-299 raises the thresholds at which odors can be detected. Post-viral anosmia and is one of the leading causes of loss of sense of smell in adults, accounting for up to 40% cases of anosmia. Viruses that give rise to the common cold are well known to cause post-infectious loss, and over 200 different viruses are known to cause upper respiratory tract infections. I reviewed the possible mechanisms of smell and taste loss in COVID-19. I concluded that since the existence of such a relationship is likely, it is highly recommended that those patients who experience complications such as smell and/or taste loss, even as unique symptoms, should be considered as potential SARS-CoV-2 virus carriers.

scholarly journals Etiotropic therapy and chemoprophylaxis of influenza with neuraminidase inhibitors

2020 ◽  
pp. 232-238
Author(s):  
T. G. Zubkova ◽  
I. I. Tokin ◽  
E. Yu. Karnaukhova ◽  
D. A. Lioznov
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Infection ◽  
World Health ◽  
Neuraminidase Inhibitors ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Secondary Complications ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Tract Infections

Influenza is a common respiratory infection caused by viruses of types A, B and C. Characteristic of influenza infection is the development of intoxication and damage to the epithelium of the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract, often the trachea. Complications of influenza occur in 10–15% of patients. Most often it is pneumonia, bacterial focal infections (sinusitis, otitis, urinary and biliary tract infections), activation of chronic infections (tuberculosis, rheumatism). In influenza infection, as in the treatment of any infectious disease, the greatest importance belongs to etiotropic therapy. The world health organization recommends the use of neuraminidase inhibitors for etiotropic treatment of influenza. Currently, 2 neuraminidase inhibitors are used in the Russian Federation - oseltamivir and zanamivir. Both of these drugs are included in the clinical guidelines approved by the Ministry of health of Russia. In the Russian pharmaceutical market, oseltamivir is represented including the domestic drug Nomides in several dosages of 75 mg, 45 mg, 30 mg, which allows it to be used in children from 3 years. Etiotropic drugs should be prescribed as early as possible from the moment of clinical manifestation of the disease, optimally - in the first 48 hours from the onset of the disease, without waiting for laboratory verification of the diagnosis. The advantages of etiotropic therapy are reducing the risk of complications, shortening the period of fever and other symptoms. It is equally important to reduce the incidence of secondary complications requiring antibiotics and hospitalizations due to influenza. Etiotropic drugs for influenza therapy, including nomides, are used to prevent influenza infection. It should be noted that chemoprophylaxis does not replace vaccination against influenza, but is an auxiliary method of preventing the disease.

scholarly journals PRAKTEK CUCI TANGAN PAKAI SABUN PADA SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR 05 NAGARI MUNGKA KABUPATEN LIMA PULUH KOTA

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 254-260
Author(s):  
Elidahanum Husni ◽  
Sucy Ramadany
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Student Knowledge ◽  
Running Water ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Student Absenteeism ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Tract Infections

Handwashing with soap is a healthy behavior scientifically proven to prevent the spread of infectious diseases such as diarrhea, upper respiratory tract infections (ISPA), and flu. Hand washing is one of the sanitation measures by cleaning the hands and fingers using running water and soap. School-age children are a period prone to various diseases. The habit of children consuming snacks freely, plus children not washing their hands with soap before eating, will cause various diseases. To avoid this, there is a need for counseling regarding washing hands with soap properly. The counseling was carried out on July 17, 2019, for class II 05 Mungka students with 25 students. The method used is counseling and demonstration of washing hands through 7 steps of washing hands with soap, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Based on the preliminary study conducted, 05 Mungka Elementary School does not yet have adequate CPTS facilities and infrastructure and does not yet know the proper and correct CTPS practice steps. After conducting counseling activities in the form of education and demonstration of CTPS, increasing student knowledge related to the material provided can be seen from the evaluation of test results both pretest and post-test. So it can be concluded that this activity can increase the knowledge of the importance of washing hands using soap and students' ability to practice the seven steps of washing hands with soap properly. This aims to reduce student absenteeism due to illness caused by diseases.

Practical approaches to probiotics use

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 980-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amel Taibi ◽  
Elena M. Comelli
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
World Health ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Health Products ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Intestinal Ecology ◽  
Health Canada

Probiotics are microorganisms exerting beneficial effects on the host. They can be ingested through foods or supplements and their inclusion in these products is regulated in Canada by the Health Canada Health Products and Food Branch. The aim of this article is to summarize current evidence from randomized controlled trials and guidelines from Health Canada, the World Health Organization, and internationally recognized expert committees in the hope that it will help practitioners and professionals recommending probiotics to healthy and diseased patients, with a focus on the Canadian setting. From a general perspective, probiotics can be recommended for prevention of diseases that are associated to altered intestinal ecology. Specifically, they can be recommended for prevention of upper respiratory tract infections and pouchitis, for prevention and management of necrotizing enterocolitis, bacterial vaginosis and antibiotic associated diarrhea, including Clostridium difficile infection, and for treatment of atopic eczema in cow’s milk allergy and of infectious diarrhea. Additional substantiated probiotic benefits include prevention of hypercholesterolemia, management of constipation, reduction of recurrent urinary tract infections, improvement of irritable bowel syndrome symptoms, and reduction of antibiotics side effects in Helicobacter pylori eradication. Because probiotics are generally recognized as safe and can be removed with antimicrobial agents, their use should be considered in patients of all ages.

Myths about COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 907-912
Author(s):  
Deepika Masurkar ◽  
Priyanka Jaiswal
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
Common People ◽  
The World ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Media ◽  
Personal Level ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
The Common ◽  
Health Organization

Recently at the end of 2019, a new disease was found in Wuhan, China. This disease was diagnosed to be caused by a new type of coronavirus and affected almost the whole world. Chinese researchers named this novel virus as 2019-nCov or Wuhan-coronavirus. However, to avoid misunderstanding the World Health Organization noises it as COVID-19 virus when interacting with the media COVID-19 is new globally as well as in India. This has disturbed peoples mind. There are various rumours about the coronavirus in Indian society which causes panic in peoples mind. It is the need of society to know myths and facts about coronavirus to reduce the panic and take the proper precautionary actions for our safety against the coronavirus. Thus this article aims to bust myths and present the facts to the common people. We need to verify myths spreading through social media and keep our self-ready with facts so that we can protect our self in a better way. People must prevent COVID 19 at a personal level. Appropriate action in individual communities and countries can benefit the entire world.

Medicinal Chemistry of Alternative Therapeutics: Novelty and Hopes with Genus Ammannia

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 784-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harish C. Upadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
World Health ◽  
Biologically Relevant ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Pharmacologically Active ◽  
Herbal Formulations

The plants have formed the basis of folklore remedy since the beginning of human civilization. The cumulative human endeavor and experience over a period of thousands of years developed into well to organize traditional medicine systems viz. Ayurvedic, Unani, Chinese amongst others. Across the world, traditional medicine is either the mainstay of health care or serves as a complement to modern drugs. In view of worldwide use of traditional medicines, World Health Organization launched ‘WHO-Traditional Medicine Strategy 2014-2023’ for the development of strong policies regarding knowledge-base, safety, quality-control and effectiveness of traditional/alternative therapeutics for national health systems. Besides their use in traditional medicine, plants have always been a good source of modern drug/pharmacologically active molecules. More than half of the modern pharmaceuticals are either plant isolates or their derivatives. The plant-based drugs are not only effective, but have better compatibility with human biological systems because of more biologically relevant chemistry, hence lesser side effects. Some of the species of genus Ammannia (Lythraceae) have been reported for their magical medicinal values. Many herbal formulations containing Ammannia spp. have been patented for treatment of serious diseases/disorders like cancer, spinal disease, human female infertility, chronic tonsillitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, treatment of bladder stones, urinary tract infections, dermatitis etc. The uses of Ammannia spp. in traditional medicine have been further verified by the biological activities of their extracts as well as isolation of bioactive phytomolecules. The current review provides details about Ammannia spp.; its use in folklore remedy, herbal formulations, biological activities of extracts, isolation of bioactive phytomolecules and SAR study of semi-synthetic derivatives to analyze the possibility of new drug molecules of plant origin.

Novel Coronavirus 2019 Outbreak: A Global Epidemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 1458-1464
Author(s):  
Sweta Kamboj ◽  
Rohit Kamboj ◽  
Shikha Kamboj ◽  
Kumar Guarve ◽  
Rohit Dutt
Keyword(s):  
World Health ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Global Epidemic ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Government ◽  
Tract Disease ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

Background: In the 1960s, the human coronavirus was designated, which is responsible for the upper respiratory tract disease in children. Back in 2003, mainly 5 new coronaviruses were recognized. This study directly pursues to govern knowledge, attitude and practice of viral and droplet infection isolation safeguard among the researchers during the outbreak of the COVID-19. Introduction: Coronavirus is a proteinaceous and infectious pathogen. It is an etiological agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). Coronavirus, appeared in China from the seafood and poultry market last year, which has spread in various countries, and has caused several deaths. Methods: The literature data has been taken from different search platforms like PubMed, Science Direct, Embase, Web of Science, who.int portal and complied. Results: Corona virology study will be more advanced and outstanding in recent years. COVID-19 epidemic is a threatening reminder not solely for one country but all over the universe. Conclusion: In this review article, we encapsulated the pathogenesis, geographical spread of coronavirus worldwide, also discussed the perspective of diagnosis, effective treatment, and primary recommendations by the World Health Organization, and guidelines of the government to slow down the impact of the virus are also optimistic, efficacious and obliging for the public health. However, it will take a prolonged time in the future to overcome this epidemic.

scholarly journals Management of acute ischemic stroke in patients with COVID-19 infection: Report of an international panel

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 540-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan I Qureshi ◽  
Foad Abd-Allah ◽  
Fahmi Al-Senani ◽  
Emrah Aytac ◽  
Afshin Borhani-Haghighi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Intravenous Thrombolysis ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
World Health ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
International Panel ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Tract Infections

Background and purpose On 11 March 2020, World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 infection a pandemic. The risk of ischemic stroke may be higher in patients with COVID-19 infection similar to those with other respiratory tract infections. We present a comprehensive set of practice implications in a single document for clinicians caring for adult patients with acute ischemic stroke with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 infection. Methods The practice implications were prepared after review of data to reach the consensus among stroke experts from 18 countries. The writers used systematic literature reviews, reference to previously published stroke guidelines, personal files, and expert opinion to summarize existing evidence, indicate gaps in current knowledge, and when appropriate, formulate practice implications. All members of the writing group had opportunities to comment in writing on the practice implications and approved the final version of this document. Results This document with consensus is divided into 18 sections. A total of 41 conclusions and practice implications have been developed. The document includes practice implications for evaluation of stroke patients with caution for stroke team members to avoid COVID-19 exposure, during clinical evaluation and performance of imaging and laboratory procedures with special considerations of intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy in stroke patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection. Conclusions These practice implications with consensus based on the currently available evidence aim to guide clinicians caring for adult patients with acute ischemic stroke who are suspected of, or confirmed, with COVID-19 infection. Under certain circumstances, however, only limited evidence is available to support these practice implications, suggesting an urgent need for establishing procedures for the management of stroke patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection.

scholarly journals An evidence-based systematic review on emerging therapeutic and preventive strategies to treat novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) during an outbreak scenario

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anupama M. Gudadappanavar ◽  
Jyoti Benni
Keyword(s):  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
World Health ◽  
Recombinant Vaccines ◽  
Subunit Vaccines ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Full Length Genome

AbstractA novel coronavirus infection coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged from Wuhan, Hubei Province of China, in December 2019 caused by SARS-CoV-2 is believed to be originated from bats in the local wet markets. Later, animal to human and human-to-human transmission of the virus began and resulting in widespread respiratory illness worldwide to around more than 180 countries. The World Health Organization declared this disease as a pandemic in March 2020. There is no clinically approved antiviral drug or vaccine available to be used against COVID-19. Nevertheless, few broad-spectrum antiviral drugs have been studied against COVID-19 in clinical trials with clinical recovery. In the current review, we summarize the morphology and pathogenesis of COVID-19 infection. A strong rational groundwork was made keeping the focus on current development of therapeutic agents and vaccines for SARS-CoV-2. Among the proposed therapeutic regimen, hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, remdisevir, azithromycin, toclizumab and cromostat mesylate have shown promising results, and limited benefit was seen with lopinavir–ritonavir treatment in hospitalized adult patients with severe COVID-19. Early development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine started based on the full-length genome analysis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Several subunit vaccines, peptides, nucleic acids, plant-derived, recombinant vaccines are under pipeline. This article concludes and highlights ongoing advances in drug repurposing, therapeutics and vaccines to counter COVID-19, which collectively could enable efforts to halt the pandemic virus infection.

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