Electrochemical Nano-biosensors as Novel Approach for the Detection of Lung Cancer-related MicroRNAs

In both men and women around the world, lung cancer accounts as the principal cause of cancer-related death after breast cancer. Therefore, early detection of the disease is a cardinal step in improving prognosis and survival of patients. Today, the newly-defined microRNAs regulate about 30 to 60 percent of the gene expression. Changes in microRNA Profiles are linked to numerous health conditions, making them sophisticated biomarkers for timely, if not early, detection of cancer. Though evaluation of microRNAs in real samples has proved to be rather challenging, which is largely attributable to the unique characteristics of these molecules. Short length, sequence similarity, and low concentration stand among the factors that define microRNAs. Recently, diagnostic technologies with a focus on wide-scale point of care have recently garnered attention as great candidates for early diagnosis of cancer. Electrochemical nano-biosensors have recently garnered much attention as a molecular method, showing great potential in terms of sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility, and last but not least, adaptability to point-of-care testing. Application of nanoscale materials in electrochemical devices as promising as it is, brings multiplexing potential for conducting simultaneous evaluations on multiple cancer biomarkers. Thanks to their enthralling properties, these materials can be used to improve the efficiency of cancer diagnostics, offer more accurate predictions of prognosis, and monitor response to therapy in a more efficacious way. This article presents a concise overview of recent advances in the expeditiously evolving area of electrochemical biosensors for microRNA detection in lung cancer.

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Secondary Analysis of an Electronic Surveillance System Combined with Multi-focal Interventions for Early Detection of Sepsis

Applied Clinical Informatics ◽

10.4338/aci-2016-07-ra-0112 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (01) ◽

pp. 47-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Bonnie Westra ◽

Sean Landman ◽

Pranjul Yadav ◽

Michael Steinbach

Keyword(s):

Early Detection ◽

Surveillance System ◽

Point Of Care ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Length Of Hospital Stay ◽

Separate Analysis ◽

Electronic Surveillance ◽

Predictive Values ◽

Sensitivity Specificity

SummarySummary: To conduct an independent secondary analysis of a multi-focal intervention for early detection of sepsis that included implementation of change management strategies, electronic surveil-lance for sepsis, and evidence based point of care alerting using the POC AdvisorTM application. Methods: Propensity score matching was used to select subsets of the cohorts with balanced covariates. Bootstrapping was performed to build distributions of the measured difference in rates/ means. The effect of the sepsis intervention was evaluated for all patients, and High and Low Risk subgroups for illness severity. A separate analysis was performed patients on the intervention and non-intervention units (without the electronic surveillance). Sensitivity, specificity, and the positive predictive values were calculated to evaluate the accuracy of the alerting system for detecting sepsis or severe sepsis/ septic shock.Results: There was positive effect on the intervention units with sepsis electronic surveillance with an adjusted mortality rate of –6.6%. Mortality rates for non-intervention units also improved, but at a lower rate of –2.9%. Additional outcomes improved for patients on both intervention and non-intervention units for home discharge (7.5% vs 1.1%), total length of hospital stay (-0.9% vs –0.3%), and 30 day readmissions (-6.6% vs –1.6%). Patients on the intervention units showed better outcomes compared with non-intervention unit patients, and even more so for High Risk patients. The sensitivity was 95.2%, specificity of 82.0% and PPV of 50.6% for the electronic surveillance alerts. Conclusion: There was improvement over time across the hospital for patients on the intervention and non-intervention units with more improvement for sicker patients. Patients on intervention units with electronic surveillance have better outcomes; however, due to differences in exclusion criteria and types of units, further study is needed to draw a direct relationship between the electronic surveillance system and outcomes.

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COMBINED DIAGNOSTICS OF LUNG CANCER USING EXHALED BREATH ANALSYSIS AND SPUTUM CYTOLOGY

Problems in oncology ◽

10.37469/0507-3758-2020-66-4-381-384 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 66 (4) ◽

pp. 381-384

Author(s):

A. Arseniev ◽

A. Nefedova ◽

A. Ganeeva ◽

A. Nefedov ◽

S. Novikov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Breath Test ◽

Early Stage ◽

Breath Analysis ◽

Diagnostic Techniques ◽

Cancer Diagnostics ◽

Exhaled Breath ◽

Sputum Cytology ◽

Exhaled Breath Analysis ◽

Sensitivity Specificity

In this article we summarize our own experience of lung cancer diagnostics using exhaled breath analysis with a non-selective method using metal oxide chemoresistor gas sensors with cross-sensitivity combined with the sputum cytology. Volatile organic compounds of exhaled breath change the conductivity of the sensor, the resulting pulse is displayed as a peak on the graph, the area of which is used as test results. The combination of two diagnostic techniques in 204 participants demonstrated the possibility of non-invasively detecting the disease at an early stage. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the breath analysis was 91.2%, 100% and 93.4%, respectively. The combination of the breath test and the sputum cytology compared to the breath test alone showed statistically significant (p = 0.03) increase in sensitivity to 96.8% (95% CI: 80.9% -99%) with acceptable decrease in specificity to 93.4% (95% CI: 88% -96%). The convenience of analysis and realtime measurements show some promise for the early detection.

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Exosomes of malignant tumors: prospects of omiсs diagnostics

Biomeditsinskaya Khimiya ◽

10.18097/pbmc20196506457 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 65 (6) ◽

pp. 457-467 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

N.A. Shushkova ◽

S.E. Novikova ◽

V.G. Zgoda

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Lung Cancer ◽

Early Detection ◽

Tumor Cells ◽

Malignant Tumors ◽

Molecular Study ◽

Response To Therapy ◽

Disease Prediction ◽

Current Experience

The main problems in the diagnostics and treatment of malignant tumors are early detection of the disease, prediction of the course of the disease and response to therapy. The solution may be associated with identification of biomarkers secreted by tumor cells within extracellular vesicles, known as exosomes. The study of exosome proteins attracts special attention, because their molecular composition can have information about tumor identity, and also represent a set of signaling molecules that regulate the processes of tumor progression and growth. In addition, the analysis of exosomes secreted into the extracellular space corresponds to the promising concept of a liquid biopsy. In this review, we have summarized the current experience in the molecular study of exosomes in various types of malignant tumors, including colorectal cancer, lung cancer, ovaries, prostate and breast cancer, with special emphasis on omics methods and outlined the prospects for their use in diagnosis.

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Early Detection and Chemoprevention of Lung Cancer

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.12433.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 61 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Melissa New ◽

Robert Keith

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Early Detection ◽

Lung Cancer Screening ◽

Cancer Chemoprevention ◽

Late Presentation ◽

Response To Therapy ◽

Screening Programs ◽

Treatment And Prevention ◽

Recent Developments

Despite advances in targeted treatments, lung cancer remains a common and deadly malignancy, in part owing to its typical late presentation. Recent developments in lung cancer screening and ongoing efforts aimed at early detection, treatment, and prevention are promising areas to impact the mortality from lung cancer. In the past several years, lung cancer screening with low-dose chest computed tomography (CT) was shown to have mortality benefit, and lung cancer screening programs have been implemented in some clinical settings. Biomarkers for screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of response to therapy are under development. Prevention efforts aimed at smoking cessation are as crucial as ever, and there have been encouraging findings in recent clinical trials of lung cancer chemoprevention. Here we review advancements in the field of lung cancer prevention and early malignancy and discuss future directions that we believe will result in a reduction in the mortality from lung cancer.

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Sputum MicroRNA Profiling: A Novel Approach for the Early Detection of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Clinical & Investigative Medicine ◽

10.25011/cim.v35i5.18700 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 35 (5) ◽

pp. 271 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Wilson H. Roa ◽

Julian O. Kim ◽

Rene Razzak ◽

Hongfei Du ◽

Linghong Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Cluster Analysis ◽

Early Detection ◽

Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽

Cell Lung Cancer ◽

Small Cell ◽

Small Cell Lung ◽

Mirna Profiling ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Negative Controls

Purpose: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) post-transcriptionally regulate hundreds of gene targets involved in tumorigenesis thereby controlling vital biological processes, including cellular proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. MiRNA profiling is an emerging tool for the potential early detection of a variety of malignancies. This study was conducyed to assess the feasibility and methodological robustness of quantifying sputum miRNAs, employing quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and cluster analysis on an optimized miRNA profile as a novel approach for the early detection of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: The relative expressions of 11 miRNAs in sputum (miR-21, miR-145, miR-155, miR-205, miR-210, miR-92, miR-17-5p, miR-143, miR-182, miR-372, and let-7a) in addition to U6 were retrospectively assessed in four NSCLC-positive and four negative controls. Subsequently, a set of five miRNAs (miR-21, miR-143, miR-155, miR-210, miR-372) was selected because of degree of relatedness observed in the cluster analysis and tested in the same sputum sample set. The five optimized miRNAs accurately clustered these eight retrospective patients into NSCLC positive cases and negative controls. The five miRNA panel was then prospectively quantified in the sputum of 30 study patients (24 NSCLC cases and six negative controls) in a double-blind fashion to validate a five miRNA panel using hierarchical cluster analysis. Results: The optimized five miRNA panel detected NSCLC (83.3% sensitivity and 100% specificity) in 30 prospectively accrued study patients. Conclusion: Sputum miRNA profiling using cluster analysis is a promising approach for the early detection of non-small cell lung cancer. Further investigation using this approach is warranted.

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Defining a FISH chromosomal aneusomy panel for predicting lung cancer in the setting of CT-detected lung nodules.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.10580 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. 10580-10580

Author(s):

Wilbur A. Franklin ◽

Margaret Skokan ◽

Marina T Lewis ◽

William Feser ◽

Holly J Wolf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Early Detection ◽

Copy Number ◽

Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Lung Nodules ◽

Linear Predictor ◽

Ct Screening ◽

Sensitivity Specificity ◽

Probe Set

10580 Background: Early detection of lung cancer by CT is supported by the National Lung Screening Trial; but while sensitivity of CT is high, specificity is low. Biomarkers to predict the malignant nature of CT detected lung nodules would have great clinical utility. We previously found in a nested case-control study that a 4-target chromosomal aneusomy (CA) FISH panel exhibited sensitivity/specificity of 76%/88% in sputum samples of heavy smokers obtained within 18 months of lung cancer diagnosis. We hypothesized that CA-FISH may be an effective biomarker to assist with clinical decisions in the setting of CT detected lung nodules of indeterminate etiology and attempted to identify a more effective reagent. Methods: Homebrew probes encompassing genomic sequences of EGFR, NXK2-1, PIK3CA, MYC, BRF2, SOX2, PPMID, FGFR1 and the commercial reagent LSI D5S721/D5S23 (Abbott Molecular) were combined in 2-4-target FISH assays to investigate tissue copy number in early stage lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC, N=19) and adenocarcinoma (AC, N=20). Logistic regression models were used to estimate predictive discrimination [sensitivity, specificity, area under the ROC curve (AUC)]. Results: Copy number gain was largely detected for all markers (mean range 3.39 - PPMID to 4.67 - MYC). Mean copy number of PI3CA, BRF2, SOX2 and FGFR1 were significantly higher in SCC than AC, while NKX2 and MYC were marginally higher in AC than SCC. Gene amplification was detected for all 9 markers, most frequently for SOX2 and FGFR1 (6 and 5 cases) with significant overlap between FGFR1/BRF2 and SOX2/PIK3CA. Based on the AUC results and the existence of targeted inhibitors, the probe set EGFR/FGFR1/MYC/PIK3CA was selected as a candidate for further development as an adjunct to CT screening for early detection. For this selected set,the optimal cutoff based in the linear predictor from logistic regression yields a sensitivity and specificity of 0.85. Conclusions: A highly sensitive/specific CA-FISH probe set was identified which may well complement CT screening in the early diagnosis of lung cancer. This probe set will be tested in the setting of CT detected lung nodules. (Supported by LUNGevity and NCI-Lung Cancer SPORE grants).

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