Cytoprotective Agents to Avoid Chemotherapy Induced Sideeffects on Normal Cells: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 765-781
Author(s):  
Seema Rohilla ◽  
Harish Dureja ◽  
Vinay Chawla
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Delay In Treatment

Anticancer agents play a vital role in the cure of patients suffering from malignancy. Though, the chemotherapeutic agents are associated with various adverse effects which produce significant toxic symptoms in the patients. But this therapy affects both the malignant and normal cells and leads to constricted therapeutic index of antimalignant drugs which adversely impacts the quality of patients’ life. Due to these adversities, sufficient dose of drug is not delivered to patients leading to delay in treatment or improper treatment. Chemoprotective agents have been developed either to minimize or to mitigate the toxicity allied with chemotherapeutic agents. Without any concession in the therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs, they provide organ specific guard to normal tissues.

scholarly journals Carbohydrate-conjugated 4-(1,3,2-dithiarsolan-2-yl)aniline as a cytotoxic agent against colorectal cancer

RSC Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (71) ◽  
pp. 40760-40764
Author(s):  
Boqiao Fu ◽  
Xiaolin Wang ◽  
Yingjie Li ◽  
Jingying Hu ◽  
Dai Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Cytotoxic Agent ◽  
Normal Cells

We synthesized a carbohydrate-conjugated 4-(1,3,2-dithiarsolan-2-yl)aniline. It exhibited reduced cytotoxicity to normal cells, suggesting a feasible approach to improve the therapeutic index of arsenic-containing compounds as chemotherapeutic agents.

Synthesis and characterization of a new series of thiadiazole derivatives as potential anticancer agents

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulviye Acar Çevik ◽  
Derya Osmaniye ◽  
Serkan Levent ◽  
Begüm Nurpelin Sağlik ◽  
Betül Kaya Çavuşoğlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Cancer Cell Line ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Thiadiazole Derivatives ◽  
Low Efficiency

AbstractCancer is one of the most common causes of death in the world. Despite the importance of combating cancer in healthcare systems and research centers, toxicity in normal tissues and the low efficiency of anticancer drugs are major problems in chemotherapy. Nowadays the aim of many medical research projects is to discover new safer and more effective anticancer agents. 1,3,4-Thiadiazole compounds are important fragments in medicinal chemistry because of their wide range of biological activities, including anticancer activities. The aim of this study was to determine the capacity of newly synthesized 1,3,4-thiadiazole compounds as chemotherapeutic agents. The structures of the obtained compounds were elucidated using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and mass spectrometry. Although the thiadiazole derivatives did not prove to be significantly cytotoxic to the tumour tissue cultures, compound 4i showed activity against the C6 rat brain cancer cell line (IC50 0.097 mM) at the tested concentrations.

Cancer Targeted Nanoparticles Specifically Induce Apoptosis in Cancer Cells and Spare Normal Cells

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagat R. Kanwar ◽  
Rupinder K. Kanwar ◽  
Ganesh Mahidhara ◽  
Chun Hei Antonio Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Locked Nucleic Acid ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Normal Cells

Curing cancer is the greatest challenge for modern medicine and finding ways to minimize the adverse effects caused by chemotherapeutic agents is of importance in improving patient’s physical conditions. Traditionally, chemotherapy can induce various adverse effects, and these effects are mostly caused by the non-target specific properties of the chemotherapeutic compounds. Recently, the use of nanoparticles has been found to be capable of minimizing these drug-induced adverse effects in animals and in patients during cancer treatment. The use of nanoparticles allows various chemotherapeutic drugs to be targeted to cancer cells with lower dosages. In addition to this, the use of nanoparticles also allows various drugs to be administered to the subjects by an oral route. Here, locked nucleic acid (LNA)-modified epithelial cell adhesion molecules (EpCAM), aptamers (RNA nucleotide), and nucleolin (DNA nucleotide) aptamers have been developed and conjugated on anti-cancer drug-loaded nanocarriers for specific delivery to cancer cells and spare normal cells. Significant amounts of the drug loaded nanocarriers (92 ± 6 %) were found to distribute to the cancer cells at the tumour site and more interestingly, normal cells were unaffected in vitro and in vivo. In this review, the benefits of using nanoparticle-coated drugs in various cancer treatments are discussed. Various nanoparticles that have been tried in improving the target specificity and potency of chemotherapeutic compounds are also described.

scholarly journals Interactions of Analgesics with Cisplatin: Modulation of Anticancer Efficacy and Potential Organ Toxicity

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Azza El-Sheikh ◽  
Zenat Khired
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Painful Neuropathy ◽  
Narcotic Analgesics ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Anticancer Efficacy ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Anticancer Effects ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs

Cisplatin (CDDP), one of the most eminent cancer chemotherapeutic agents, has been successfully used to treat more than half of all known cancers worldwide. Despite its effectiveness, CDDP might cause severe toxic adverse effects on multiple body organs during cancer chemotherapy, including the kidneys, heart, liver, gastrointestinal tract, and auditory system, as well as peripheral nerves causing severely painful neuropathy. The latter, among other pains patients feel during chemotherapy, is an indication for the use of analgesics during treatment with CDDP. Different types of analgesics, such as acetaminophen, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), and narcotic analgesics, could be used according to the severity of pain. Administered analgesics might modulate CDDP’s efficacy as an anticancer drug. NSAIDS, on one hand, might have cytotoxic effects on their own and few of them can potentiate CDDP’s anticancer effects via inhibiting the CDDP-induced cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme, or through COX-independent mechanisms. On the other hand, some narcotic analgesics might ameliorate CDDP’s anti-neoplastic effects, causing chemotherapy to fail. Concerning safety, some analgesics share the same adverse effects on normal tissues as CDDP, augmenting its potentially hazardous effects on organ impairment. This article offers an overview of the reported literature on the interactions between analgesics and CDDP, paying special attention to possible mechanisms that modulate CDDP’s cytotoxic efficacy and potential adverse reactions.

scholarly journals Pyrimidine: a review on anticancer activity with key emphasis on SAR

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aastha Mahapatra ◽  
Tanya Prasad ◽  
Tripti Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Pyrimidine Derivatives ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Cancer Pathogenesis ◽  
Privileged Scaffold ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Global Health Challenge

Abstract Background Cancer is a global health challenge, it impacts the quality of life and its treatment is associated with several side effects. Resistance of the cancer cells to the existing drugs has led to search for novel anticancer agents. Pyrimidine, a privileged scaffold, is part of living organisms and plays vital role in various biological procedures as well as in cancer pathogenesis. Due to resemblance in structure with the nucleotide base pair of DNA and RNA, it is recognized as valuable compound in the treatment of cancer. Main text Many novel pyrimidine derivatives have been designed and developed for their anticancer activity in the last few years. The present review aims to focus on the structure activity relationship (SAR) of pyrimidine derivatives as anticancer agent from the last decade. Conclusion This review intends to assist in the development of more potent and efficacious anticancer drugs with pyrimidine scaffold. Graphical abstract

Cardiotoxicity of Cancer Therapy

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (30) ◽  
pp. 7685-7696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin D. Floyd ◽  
Duc T. Nguyen ◽  
Raymond L. Lobins ◽  
Qaiser Bashir ◽  
Donald C. Doll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Antineoplastic Agents ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Neoplastic Processes ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Number Of Patients

Because cancer is a leading cause of mortality in the United States, the number of therapeutic modalities available for the treatment of neoplastic processes has increased. This has resulted in a large number of patients being exposed to a wide variety of cancer therapy. Historically, it has been well recognized that antineoplastic agents may have adverse effects on multiple organs and normal tissues. The most commonly associated toxicities occur in tissues composed of rapidly dividing cells and may spontaneously reverse with minimal long-term toxicity. However, the myocardium consists of cells that have limited regenerative capability, which may render the heart susceptible to permanent or transient adverse effects from chemotherapeutic agents. Such toxicity encompasses a heterogeneous group of disorders, ranging from relatively benign arrhythmias to potentially lethal conditions such as myocardial ischemia/infarction and cardiomyopathy. In some instances, the pathogenesis of these toxic effects has been elucidated, whereas in others the precise etiology remains unknown. We review herein the various syndromes of cardiac toxicity that are reported to be associated with antineoplastic agents and discuss their putative mechanisms and treatment.

Recent Progress of Adenosine Receptor Modulators in the Development of Anticancer Chemotherapeutic Agents

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (26) ◽  
pp. 2842-2858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarapynbiang Marwein ◽  
Bijayashree Mishra ◽  
Utpal C. De ◽  
Pratap C. Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Adenosine Receptor ◽  
Adenosine Receptors ◽  
Metastatic Tumor ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Antitumor Property ◽  
Important Target ◽  
Receptor Modulators

Increased risks of peripheral toxicity and undesired adverse effects associated with chemotherapeutic agents are the major medical hurdles in cancer treatment that worsen the quality of life of cancer patients. Although several novel and target-specific anticancer agents have been discovered in the recent past, none of them have proved to be effective in the management of metastatic tumor. Therefore, there is a continuous effort for the discovery of safer and effective cancer chemotherapeutic agent. Adenosine receptors have been identified as an important target to combat cancer because of their inherent role in the antitumor process. The antitumor property of the adenosine receptor is primarily attributed to their inherited immune response against the tumors. These findings have opened a new chapter in the anticancer drug discovery through adenosine receptor-mediated immunomodulation. This review broadly outlines the biological mechanism of adenosine receptors in mediating the selective cytotoxicity as well as the discovery of various classes of adenosine receptor modulators in the effective management of solid tumors.

scholarly journals Delivery of Various Cargos into Cancer Cells and Tissues via Cell-Penetrating Peptides: A Review of the Last Decade

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1391
Author(s):  
Alireza Shoari ◽  
Raheleh Tooyserkani ◽  
Mehdi Tahmasebi ◽  
Dennis W. P. M. Löwik
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Cell Penetrating Peptides ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Efficient Delivery ◽  
Cell Penetrating ◽  
Low Cytotoxicity ◽  
Clinical Experiments

Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), also known as protein transduction domains, are a class of diverse amino acid sequences with the ability to cross cellular membranes. CPPs can deliver several bioactive cargos, including proteins, peptides, nucleic acids and chemotherapeutics, into cells. Ever since their discovery, synthetic and natural CPPs have been utilized in therapeutics delivery, gene editing and cell imaging in fundamental research and clinical experiments. Over the years, CPPs have gained significant attention due to their low cytotoxicity and high transduction efficacy. In the last decade, multiple investigations demonstrated the potential of CPPs as carriers for the delivery of therapeutics to treat various types of cancer. Besides their remarkable efficacy owing to fast and efficient delivery, a crucial benefit of CPP-based cancer treatments is delivering anticancer agents selectively, rather than mediating toxicities toward normal tissues. To obtain a higher therapeutic index and to improve cell and tissue selectivity, CPP-cargo constructions can also be complexed with other agents such as nanocarriers and liposomes to obtain encouraging outcomes. This review summarizes various types of CPPs conjugated to anticancer cargos. Furthermore, we present a brief history of CPP utilization as delivery systems for anticancer agents in the last decade and evaluate several reports on the applications of CPPs in basic research and preclinical studies.

scholarly journals Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy and its association with quality of life among cancer patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Madiha Hassan Nabih Mohamed ◽  
Hanan Abo Bakr Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Sensory Neuropathy ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Common Complication ◽  
Global Quality ◽  
Global Quality Of Life ◽  
Cancer Intervention

Background and objective: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common incapacitating complication of various chemotherapeutic agents that severely impact the patient’s quality of life. Most of patients treated with anticancer agents develop CIPN early after treatment and may necessitate dose modification or termination, which can increase cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Aim: investigate the Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy and its Association with Quality of Life among Cancer patients.Methods: A descriptive study design was applied in this study, on a purposeful sample of 250 adult patients diagnosed with chemotherapy induce peripheral nephropathy. The study instruments were the demographic and medical history questionnaire, PNQ, EORTC CIPN20 and EORTC30.Results: Symptoms severities mean score is 5.58 ± 2.97. Sensory neuropathy registered the highest mean at 21.23 points, followed by motor (17.33) and autonomic (5.11). About one quarter of participants reported poor global quality of life. Poor physical function was reported by 22.3% of all participants. Fatigue, pain and insomnia were the most common symptoms suffered by patients. There is a relation between CIPN and duration of cancer diagnosis, type of cancer, intervention, gender, and other condition.Conclusions: CIPN is the furthermost common complication of chemotherapy that affects patient’s QoL. Assessment of chemotherapy-related peripheral neuropathy helps clinicians to develop and evaluate much needed targeted therapies and to help improving QoL.

Novel Chemotherapeutic Agents - The Contribution of Scorpionates

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (41) ◽  
pp. 7452-7475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta A. Andrade ◽  
Luísa M.D.R.S. Martins
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Metal Complexes ◽  
Transition Metal Complexes ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Medicinal Chemistry ◽  
Bioinorganic Chemistry ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Great Role ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Scorpionate Ligands

: The development of safe and effective chemotherapeutic agents is one of the uppermost priorities and challenges of medicinal chemistry and new transition metal complexes are being continuously designed and tested as anticancer agents. Scorpionate ligands have played a great role in coordination chemistry, since their discovery by Trofimenko in the late 1960s, with significant contributions in the fields of catalysis and bioinorganic chemistry. Scorpionate metal complexes have also shown interesting anticancer properties, and herein, the most recent (last decade) and relevant scorpionate complexes reported for application in medicinal chemistry as chemotherapeutic agents are reviewed. The current progress on the anticancer properties of transition metal complexes bearing homo- or hetero- scorpionate ligands, derived from bis- or tris-(pyrazol-1-yl)-borate or -methane moieties is highlighted.

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