Cardiotoxicity of Cancer Therapy

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (30) ◽  
pp. 7685-7696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin D. Floyd ◽  
Duc T. Nguyen ◽  
Raymond L. Lobins ◽  
Qaiser Bashir ◽  
Donald C. Doll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Antineoplastic Agents ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Neoplastic Processes ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Number Of Patients

Because cancer is a leading cause of mortality in the United States, the number of therapeutic modalities available for the treatment of neoplastic processes has increased. This has resulted in a large number of patients being exposed to a wide variety of cancer therapy. Historically, it has been well recognized that antineoplastic agents may have adverse effects on multiple organs and normal tissues. The most commonly associated toxicities occur in tissues composed of rapidly dividing cells and may spontaneously reverse with minimal long-term toxicity. However, the myocardium consists of cells that have limited regenerative capability, which may render the heart susceptible to permanent or transient adverse effects from chemotherapeutic agents. Such toxicity encompasses a heterogeneous group of disorders, ranging from relatively benign arrhythmias to potentially lethal conditions such as myocardial ischemia/infarction and cardiomyopathy. In some instances, the pathogenesis of these toxic effects has been elucidated, whereas in others the precise etiology remains unknown. We review herein the various syndromes of cardiac toxicity that are reported to be associated with antineoplastic agents and discuss their putative mechanisms and treatment.

Cytoprotective Agents to Avoid Chemotherapy Induced Sideeffects on Normal Cells: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 765-781
Author(s):  
Seema Rohilla ◽  
Harish Dureja ◽  
Vinay Chawla
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Delay In Treatment

Anticancer agents play a vital role in the cure of patients suffering from malignancy. Though, the chemotherapeutic agents are associated with various adverse effects which produce significant toxic symptoms in the patients. But this therapy affects both the malignant and normal cells and leads to constricted therapeutic index of antimalignant drugs which adversely impacts the quality of patients’ life. Due to these adversities, sufficient dose of drug is not delivered to patients leading to delay in treatment or improper treatment. Chemoprotective agents have been developed either to minimize or to mitigate the toxicity allied with chemotherapeutic agents. Without any concession in the therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs, they provide organ specific guard to normal tissues.

Plant Polyphenolic Compounds Potentiates Therapeutic Efficiency of Anticancer Chemotherapeutic Drugs: A Review.

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lokanatha Oruganti ◽  
Balaji Meriga
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Drugs ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Potential Synergy

Background: Scientific research continues to develop more efficacious drugs to treat and cure cancer, the dreadful disease threatening the human race. Chemotherapy is an essential means in cancer therapy, however, plant drugs having pharmacological safety, can be used alone or as additions to current chemotherapeutic agents to enhance therapeutic efficacy and minimize chemotherapy-induced adverse effects. Objective: A combination therapy where the synergistic effect on multiple targets is possible has gained significance, because since a one-drug one-target approach fails to yield the desired therapeutic effect. Therefore, a detailed description of important plant polyphenolic compounds with anticancer activity and their role in potentiating chemotherapeutic efficiency of existing anticancer drugs is provided in this review. Systematically screening combinations of active pharmaceutical ingredients for potential synergy with plant compounds may be especially valuable in cancer therapy. Methodology: We extensively have gone through reviews and research articles available in the literature. We made use of databases such as Google Scholar, Research Gate, PubMed, Science Direct, etc. The following keywords were used in our literature search: “Chemotherapy, drug development, cancer drugs, plant-derived polyphenolics, synergistic studies, combination therapy, diagnosis and genetics.” Conclusion: Systematic research studies on screening combinations of plant phytochemicals with potential chemotherapeutic pharmaceuticals throws light on their synergistic effects, mechanisms of actions paving the way to develop more efficient anticancer therapeutics to treat and cure the cancer menace, to nullify chemotherapy-induced adverse effects and our review substantially contributes in this direction.

Pimozide Treatment of Tic and Tourette Disorders

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 1032-1039
Author(s):  
Arthur K. Shapiro ◽  
Elaine Shapiro ◽  
George Fulop
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
The United States ◽  
Tic Disorders ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Neuroleptic Drug ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Erroneous Belief ◽  
Detection And Diagnosis ◽  
Tourette Disorder ◽  
Early Detection And Diagnosis

Tourette disorder is a chronic multiple tic condition that begins in childhood and may require lifelong treatment. Neuroleptics are the most effective and frequently used drugs for the treatment of both Tourette and tic disorders. Haloperidol was the first neuroleptic drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of adult patients with Tourette disorder in 1969 and for children in 1978. Its effectiveness in the treatment of tics is well documented.1,2 However, adverse effects limit its usefulness and new drugs that have fewer adverse effects and greater efficacy are needed.2-5 The need for new medications is critical because of the epidemic increase in the number of patients with the diagnosis. We now know that Tourette disorder was underdiagnosed because of the erroneous belief that the etiology was psychologic and that the diagnosis required the presence of coprolalia, echolalia, and intellectual and psychologic deterioration. Following the development of accurate diagnostic criteria, early detection and diagnosis was facilitated. This in turn led to a dramatic increase in the number of physicians diagnosing and treating tic disorders and the establishment of Tourette disorder clinics throughout the country. The lifetime prevalence in the United States is now estimated as 0.5% for Tourette disorder and 1.6% for both Tourette and chronic motor tic disorders.6,7 However, a new neuroleptic drug, pimozide, was recently approved by the FDA for use in patients with Tourette disorder in 1984. Our studies on the effectiveness of pimozide, begun in 1977, were largely responsible for appoval of pimozide.

scholarly journals Cancer Therapy-Related Cardiovascular Complications in Clinical Practice: Current Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1647
Author(s):  
Michał Bohdan ◽  
Anna Kowalczys ◽  
Agnieszka Mickiewicz ◽  
Marcin Gruchała ◽  
Ewa Lewicka
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Close Cooperation ◽  
Common Risk Factors ◽  
Common Understanding

Cardiovascular (CV) diseases and cancer are the leading causes of death in Europe and the United States. Both diseases have extensive overlap and share common risk factors, symptoms, and outcomes. As the number of patients with both cancer and CV diseases continues to rise, the field of cardio-oncology is gaining increased attention. A frequent problem during anti-cancer treatment is cardiotoxicity caused by the side-effects of chemo-, immuno-, targeted, and radiation therapies. This problem may manifest as acute coronary syndrome, myocarditis, arrhythmias, or heart failure. Modern cardio-oncology spans many different research areas. While some researchers focus on treating patients that have already developed cardiotoxicity, others aim to identify new methods for preventing cardiotoxicity before, during, and after anti-cancer therapy. Both groups share the common understanding that regular monitoring of cancer patients is the basis for optimal medical treatment. Optimal treatment can only be achieved through close cooperation between cardiologists and oncologists. This review summarizes the current views on cardio-oncology and discusses the cardiotoxicities associated with commonly used chemotherapeutics.

scholarly journals Interactions of Analgesics with Cisplatin: Modulation of Anticancer Efficacy and Potential Organ Toxicity

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Azza El-Sheikh ◽  
Zenat Khired
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Painful Neuropathy ◽  
Narcotic Analgesics ◽  
Cytotoxic Effects ◽  
Anticancer Efficacy ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Anticancer Effects ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs

Cisplatin (CDDP), one of the most eminent cancer chemotherapeutic agents, has been successfully used to treat more than half of all known cancers worldwide. Despite its effectiveness, CDDP might cause severe toxic adverse effects on multiple body organs during cancer chemotherapy, including the kidneys, heart, liver, gastrointestinal tract, and auditory system, as well as peripheral nerves causing severely painful neuropathy. The latter, among other pains patients feel during chemotherapy, is an indication for the use of analgesics during treatment with CDDP. Different types of analgesics, such as acetaminophen, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), and narcotic analgesics, could be used according to the severity of pain. Administered analgesics might modulate CDDP’s efficacy as an anticancer drug. NSAIDS, on one hand, might have cytotoxic effects on their own and few of them can potentiate CDDP’s anticancer effects via inhibiting the CDDP-induced cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme, or through COX-independent mechanisms. On the other hand, some narcotic analgesics might ameliorate CDDP’s anti-neoplastic effects, causing chemotherapy to fail. Concerning safety, some analgesics share the same adverse effects on normal tissues as CDDP, augmenting its potentially hazardous effects on organ impairment. This article offers an overview of the reported literature on the interactions between analgesics and CDDP, paying special attention to possible mechanisms that modulate CDDP’s cytotoxic efficacy and potential adverse reactions.

scholarly journals Long non-coding RNAs as the critical regulators of doxorubicin resistance in tumor cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghazaleh Khalili-Tanha ◽  
Meysam Moghbeli
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Topoisomerase Ii ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

AbstractResistance against conventional chemotherapeutic agents is one of the main reasons for tumor relapse and poor clinical outcomes in cancer patients. Various mechanisms are associated with drug resistance, including drug efflux, cell cycle, DNA repair and apoptosis. Doxorubicin (DOX) is a widely used first-line anti-cancer drug that functions as a DNA topoisomerase II inhibitor. However, DOX resistance has emerged as a large hurdle in efficient tumor therapy. Furthermore, despite its wide clinical application, DOX is a double-edged sword: it can damage normal tissues and affect the quality of patients’ lives during and after treatment. It is essential to clarify the molecular basis of DOX resistance to support the development of novel therapeutic modalities with fewer and/or lower-impact side effects in cancer patients. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have critical roles in the drug resistance of various tumors. In this review, we summarize the state of knowledge on all the lncRNAs associated with DOX resistance. The majority are involved in promoting DOX resistance. This review paves the way to introducing an lncRNA panel marker for the prediction of the DOX response and clinical outcomes for cancer patients.

scholarly journals Chemical modifiers of cancer treatment.

1988 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
C N Coleman ◽  
E A Bump ◽  
R A Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Radiation Sensitivity ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
Chemical Modifiers ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Radiation Resistant ◽  
Radiation Induced

Chemical modification is a concept in cancer therapy in which the state of tumor cells or normal tissues is modified such that a therapeutic gain can be achieved using conventional therapeutic modalities. Hypoxic zones targeted as cells within them may be radiation resistant, poorly perfused by chemotherapeutic agents, and possibly drug resistant due to hypoxia-related gene amplification. Nitroimidazoles have gained particular attention as chemical modifiers because they can increase the radiation sensitivity of hypoxic cells, are cytotoxic to hypoxic cells, can increase sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents, and are useful for imaging hypoxic cells. While both radiosensitization and chemosensitization require hypoxia, the mechanism of the enhancement of each of the modalities is different. The 2-nitroimidazole hypoxic sensitizers SR 2508 and Ro-03-8799, which are less toxic than the prototype misonidazole (Miso), are in clinical trials, and dual function molecules that include a hypoxic sensitizer and alkylating function are being developed. The presence of both acutely and chronically hypoxic cells in animal tumors has been demonstrated by new imaging techniques. Oxygen delivery to tumors is being altered by the use of perfluorocarbons, and agents that alter hemoglobin affinity for oxygen. Compounds that are selectively toxic to hypoxic cells are being developed. Nonhypoxic modifiers are also being investigated. Thiol modification, particularly the alteration of glutathione concentration, has complex effects on the cell's biochemistry, in addition to affecting the competition between oxygen and thiol groups for the restoration and fixation of radiation-induced radicals. WR-2721 is being studied as a means of reducing the normal tissue toxicity of radiation and chemotherapy. Increased thiol concentration may be a mechanism of cross-resistance between certain chemotherapeutic agents and radiation.

scholarly journals Chemotherapy Based on Supramolecular Chemistry: A Promising Strategy in Cancer Therapy

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahmy ◽  
Brüßler ◽  
Alawak ◽  
El-Sayed ◽  
Bakowsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Supramolecular Systems ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Selective Targeting ◽  
Cancerous Cells

Chemotherapeutic agents are considered one of the strategies in treating cancer. However, their use is faced by many challenges, such as poor water solubility leading to poor bioavailability and non-selective targeting of cancerous cells leading to diminished therapeutic actions and systemic adverse effects. Many approaches were adopted to overcome these drawbacks and to achieve the targeted delivery of the chemotherapeutic agents to the cancerous cells while minimizing adverse effects. Recently, supramolecular systems such as macrocycles have gained attention in the field of cancer therapy for being able to encapsulate different anticancer drugs via either host-guest complexation or self-assembly leading to a myriad of advantages. This review highlights the most recent studies concerned with the design of such novel systems for cancer therapy.

scholarly journals Accidental Ixazomib Overdose in a Patient With Multiple Myeloma

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 232470962110132
Author(s):  
Parth J. Sampat ◽  
Maneesh Bisen ◽  
Nimisha Srivastava ◽  
Suman Rao ◽  
Teresa Gentile
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Proteasome Inhibitor ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Hematological Malignancy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
To Come

Multiple myeloma is the second most common hematological malignancy. Ixazomib is the first oral proteasome inhibitor approved in the United States for the management of multiple myeloma who have received at least one prior treatment. The availability of oral chemotherapeutic agents for the management of multiple myeloma has made it easier for patients who do not have to come to the hospital for chemotherapy infusions. However, many barriers are associated with oral chemotherapy, and one of them is a misinterpretation of instruction which can have deleterious effects. In this case report, we present a case of a 69-year-old male with multiple myeloma who accidentally took ixazomib daily for 3 days instead of the weekly regimen and thus coming into the hospital with an overdose. In this report, we focus on the adverse effects associated with ixazomib toxicity and how to manage the adverse reactions. Although there is no antidote available for ixazomib, supportive care is very essential in these patients.

KIDNEY INJURY IN CANCER THERAPY

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. Burnasheva ◽  
Y. V. Shatokhin ◽  
I. V. Snezhko ◽  
A. A. Matsuga
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cytotoxic Effect ◽  
Tumor Lysis Syndrome ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Oxygen Intermediates ◽  
Circulating Blood Volume

Кidney injury is a frequent and significant complication of cancer and cancer therapy. The kidneys are susceptible to injury from malignant infiltration, damage by metabolites of malignant cells, glomerular  injury, nephrotoxic drugs including chemotherapeutic agents. Also  bone marrow transplantation complications, infections with immune  suppression (including septicemia), tumor lysis syndrome should be  taken into account. Chemotherapeutic agents are a common cause  of acute kidney injury but can potentially lead to chronic kidney  disease development in cancer patients. This article summarizes risk  factors of acute kidney injury in cancer patients. Risk factors are  divided into two groups. The systemic are decrease of total  circulating blood volume, infiltration of kidney tissue by tumor cells,  dysproteinemia, electrolyte disturbances. The local (renal) risk  factors are microcirculation disturbances, drugs biotransformation  with formation of reactive oxygen intermediates, high concentration of nephrotoxic agents in proximal tubules and its  sensitivity to ischemia. Drug-related risk factors include: drugs  combination with cytotoxic effect high doses long term use necessity, direct cytotoxic effect of not only chemotherapeutic agents but also its metabolites, mean solubility forming intratubular  precipitates. Early diagnosis, timely prevention and treatment of  these complications provide significantly improve nononcologic results of treatment.

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