Antimicrobial Activity of Agarwood Oil Against Multiple-Drug-Resistant (MDR) Microbes of Clinical, Food and Environmental Origin

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 348-356
Author(s):  
Bhoj R. Singh ◽  
Dharmendra K. Sinha ◽  
Vinodh K. OR ◽  
Prasanna Vadhana ◽  
Monika Bhardwaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Bacillus Species ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant ◽  
Agarwood Oil

Background and Objectives: Multiple-Drug-Resistance (MDR) among bacteria is an imminent problem and alternative therapies are seen as a future abode. Agarwood Oil (AO) is described to possess antimicrobial activity besides many other medicinal utilities. This paper discusses the antimicrobial activity of AO on MDR and non-MDR strains of microbes of 69 genera isolated from clinical and non-clinical samples. Methods and Results: In this study sensitivity of microbes was determined for conventional antimicrobials and AO using disc diffusion assay followed by determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using agar well dilution assay. A total of 18.5% (522) strains were found sensitive to AO. Carbapenem resistant bacterial strains were more often (p, ≤0.01) resistant to antibiotics with 4.2 times more odds (99% CI, 2.99-5.90) of being MDR than carbapenem sensitive strains but no difference in their AO sensitivity was observed. However, MDR strains were more often (p, <0.001) resistant to AO than non-MDR strains. Bacteria isolated from dogs were more often sensitive to AO than those from buffaloes, human, horse, and cattle. On the other hand, bacteria from pigs were more often (p, ≤0.05) resistant to AO than bacteria from human, cattle, buffaloes, dogs, wild carnivores and birds. Oxidase positive Gram positive bacteria had 4.29 (95% CI, 2.94-6.27) times more odds to be AO sensitive than oxidase negative Gram negative bacteria. Bacillus species strains were the most sensitive bacteria to AO followed by strains of Streptococcus and Staphylococcus. The MIC of AO for different bacteria ranged from 0.01 mg/mL to > 2.56 mg/mL. Conclusion: The study concluded that MDR and AO resistance had a similar trend and AO may not be seen as a good antimicrobial agent against MDR strains.

scholarly journals Exploring of Antimicrobial Activity of TriphalaMashi—AnAyurvedicFormulation

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogesh S. Biradar ◽  
Sheetal Jagatap ◽  
K. R. Khandelwal ◽  
Smita S. Singhania
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Phytochemical Profile ◽  
Dependent Growth ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Dose Dependent

TriphalaMashiis an ayurvedic formulation that was prepared in our lab. Aqueous and alcoholic extracts of both Triphala and TriphalaMashiwere used, to evaluate antimicrobial activity. Comparative phytochemical profile of Triphala and TriphalaMashiwas done by preliminary phytochemical screening, total phenolic content and thin layer chromatography (TLC). Antimicrobial activity includes isolation of pathogens from clinical samples, its characterization, testing its multiple drug resistance against standard antibiotics and antimicrobial activity of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of both Triphala and TriphalaMashiagainst these organisms by using agar gel diffusion method. TriphalaMashicontaining phenolic compounds, tannins exhibited comparable antimicrobial activity in relation to Triphala against all the microorganisms tested. It inhibits the dose-dependent growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In conclusion, it appears that TriphalaMashihas non-specific antimicrobial activity.

scholarly journals Fosfomycin, a therapeutic option for infections produced by multiple drug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Yeganeh Sefidan ◽  
Robab Azargun ◽  
Reza Ghotaslou
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant ◽  
Microbiological Procedures ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistance

Due to the increasing prevalence of infections caused by resistant bacteria and especially multiple drug resistance <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em>, availability of alternative effective antibiotics is restricted. The goal of this study was to investigate the susceptibility profile of multiple drug resistance and extensively drug resistance <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em> isolated from various clinical samples to fosfomycin. A total of 303 non-duplicate <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em> isolates were collected. Identification and susceptibility testing were done according to standard microbiological procedures and the Kirby-Bauer test, respectively. Of all isolates, 272 (89.8%) and 26 (8.6%) were detected as multiple drug resistance and extensively drug resistance strains, respectively. The most effective antibiotic (98%) was fosfomycin, when compared with other antibiotics against multiple drug resistance and extensively drug resistance <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em> isolates. In this study, we find high levels of resistance to commonly used antibiotics. However, fosfomycin can be a good option for treating multiple drug resistance <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em>.

Detection of Metalo-Beta-Lactamase Gene in Carbapenem Resistant Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolated From Lahore, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Humera Kausar ◽  
Shabbir Hussain ◽  
Afia Muhammad Akram
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Routine Laboratory Examination ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Biochemical Testing ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Lactamase Gene

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a widespread organism, caused severe nosocomial infection in human andassociated with multiple drug resistance (MDR) Objective: The present study was carried out to observecurrent antimicrobial resistant pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Lahore and to detect the Metallobeta-lactamase (MBL) gene in carbapenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Methods: By screening360 samples total 123 Pseudomonas aeruginosa was identified by standard microbiology techniques suchas microscopy and biochemical testing. The isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa was evaluated for drugresistance by disc diffusion method and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify thecarbapenem resistance causing gene (bla-VIM and bla-IMP) Results: Following antibiotic resistantpattern was observed, Gentamycin (59.00%), Ceftazidime (58.7%), Ceftriaxone (58.00%), Cefotazime(57.0%) and Ciprofloxacin (55.00%). Resistance rates to carbapenem group of antibiotics is Doripenem(30.5%) Meropenem (31.0%) and Imipenem (28.0%). Out of 123 samples of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 28isolates were found resistant to carbapenem group of antibiotic which was supposed to be highlysensitive for this bacterium. Molecular based identification of resistance genes showed that bla-IMP genewas present in 32.1% (09) and bla-VIM was found positive in 17.8% (04) samples. Metallo-beta-lactamasesproducing genes (bla-VIM and bla-IMP), among carbapenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa weredetected in 28.1% of samples. If other carbapenem resistant gene were also included this number mightbe higher Conclusions: PCR based test should be included in routine laboratory examination for quickdetection of the resistance causing genes.

Analisis of budget costs with different treatment efficiencies of newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients with multiple drug resistant pathogen

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
N.V. Kuznetsov ◽  
A.S. Lesonen ◽  
U.M. Markelov ◽  
E.D. Mikhailova
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Rapid Determination ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant ◽  
Treatment Gaps ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
The Republic

The article presents the results of predicting the dynamics of the spread of new cases of tuberculosis (TB) with multiple drug resistance (MDR) in the Republic of Karelia, as well as the costs of treating patients with tuberculosis, considering the different effectiveness of treatment. It has been demonstrated that while enhancing efficiency of treatment, due to the rapid determination of drug resistance by the method of polymerase chain reaction and a decrease in treatment gaps (using food kits), the effectiveness of treatment is significantly increased and the prevalence of MDR-TB decreases, which leads to significant budget savings.

scholarly journals Detection of VIM and NDM-1 metallo-beta-lactamase genes in carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strains in Bahrain

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 138-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronni Mol Joji ◽  
Nouf Al-Rashed ◽  
Nermin Kamal Saeed ◽  
Khalid Mubarak Bindayna
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa has emerged as a life-threatening infectious agent worldwide. Carbapenemase genes are reported to be some of the most common mechanisms for carbapenem resistance in P. aeruginosa. No reports are available from the Kingdom of Bahrain about carbapenem resistance and the underlying cause. In this study, we determined to study the presence of the metallo-beta-lactamase (M β L) genes of VIM family and NDM-1 in carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa strains. METHODOLOGY: Fifty carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates were obtained from three main hospitals of Bahrain. They were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing by disc diffusion test. Subsequently, MβL was detected by imipenem-ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) combined disc test and conventional polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Among 50 P. aeruginosa strains, 40 (80%) were imipenem resistant. Among the 40 imipenem-resistant strains, 35 (87.5%) strains were positive for the imipenem-EDTA combined disc test, and 21 (52%) were carrying MβL genes. Nineteen (47.5%) strains were positive for the VIM gene; one (2.5%) strain was carrying the NDM-1 gene, while one strain was carrying both the VIM and NDM-1 genes. None of the imipenem sensitive strains carried the VIM or NDM-1 gene. CONCLUSION: This is the first study to report the presence of the VIM family gene and NDM-1 genes in imipenem-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates in the Kingdom of Bahrain. The study also confirms the multiple drug resistance by the MβL strains, attention should therefore from now on, be focused on prevention of further spread of such isolates by firm infection control measures, and to reduce its threat to public health.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oil from Chaerophyllum Aureum L. (Apiaceae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0900400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branislava Lakušić ◽  
Violeta Slavkovska ◽  
Milica Pavlović ◽  
Marina Milenković ◽  
Jelena Antić Stanković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Aerial Parts

The essential oils of the aerial parts and fruits of Chaerophyllum aureum L., collected from two mountains in Serbia, were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Sabinene (18.5-31.6%), p-cymene (7.9-25.4%) and limonene (1.9-10.9%) were characterized as the main constituents. The oils were tested against six bacterial strains and one strain of yeast, Candida albicans. The highest antimicrobial activity was observed against the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis and Micrococcus luteus, while of the Gram-negative strains, Escherichia coli was the most sensitive.

scholarly journals Carbapenem-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bacteremia: Risk Factors for Mortality and Microbiologic Treatment Failure

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deanna J. Buehrle ◽  
Ryan K. Shields ◽  
Lloyd G. Clarke ◽  
Brian A. Potoski ◽  
Cornelius J. Clancy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Active Therapy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant

ABSTRACT We reviewed 37 patients treated for bacteremia due to carbapenem-resistant (CR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Although 65% of isolates were multiple-drug resistant, therapeutic options were available, as all were susceptible to ≥1 antibiotic. A total of 92% of patients received active antimicrobial therapy, but only 57% received early active therapy (within 48 h). Fourteen-day mortality was 19%. Microbiologic failure occurred in 29%. The Pitt bacteremia score (P = 0.046) and delayed active therapy (P = 0.027) were predictive of death and microbiologic failure, respectively.

scholarly journals Nanoparticles Functionalized with Ampicillin Destroy Multiple-Antibiotic-Resistant Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter aerogenes and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (8) ◽  
pp. 2768-2774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley N. Brown ◽  
Kathryn Smith ◽  
Tova A. Samuels ◽  
Jiangrui Lu ◽  
Sherine O. Obare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant

ABSTRACTWe show here that silver nanoparticles (AgNP) were intrinsically antibacterial, whereas gold nanoparticles (AuNP) were antimicrobial only when ampicillin was bound to their surfaces. Both AuNP and AgNP functionalized with ampicillin were effective broad-spectrum bactericides against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Most importantly, when AuNP and AgNP were functionalized with ampicillin they became potent bactericidal agents with unique properties that subverted antibiotic resistance mechanisms of multiple-drug-resistant bacteria.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activities of ME1036 (CP5609), a Novel Parenteral Carbapenem, against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococci

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 2831-2837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mizuyo Kurazono ◽  
Takashi Ida ◽  
Keiko Yamada ◽  
Yoko Hirai ◽  
Takahisa Maruyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant ◽  
Time Kill

ABSTRACT ME1036, formerly CP5609, is a novel parenteral carbapenem with a 7-acylated imidazo[5,1-b]thiazole-2-yl group directly attached to the carbapenem moiety of the C-2 position. The present study evaluated the in vitro activities of ME1036 against clinical isolates of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. ME1036 displayed broad activity against aerobic gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Unlike other marketed β-lactam antibiotics, ME1036 maintained excellent activity against multiple-drug-resistant gram-positive bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant staphylococci and penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae (PRSP). The MICs of this compound at which 90% of isolates were inhibited were 2 μg/ml for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), 2 μg/ml for methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci, and 0.031 μg/ml for PRSP. In time-kill studies with six strains of MRSA, ME1036 at four times the MIC caused a time-dependent decrease in the numbers of viable MRSA cells. The activity of ME1036 against MRSA is related to its high affinity for penicillin-binding protein 2a, for which the 50% inhibitory concentration of ME1036 was approximately 300-fold lower than that of imipenem. In conclusion, ME1036 demonstrated a broad antibacterial spectrum and high levels of activity in vitro against staphylococci, including β-lactam-resistant strains.

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