Identification and Quantification of Antioxidant Compounds in Clarified Cashew Apple Juice ‘Cajuína’

Background: Cajuína is obtained through clarification of cashew apple juice (Anacardium occidentale L.), a non-diluted and non-fermented beverage, which is prepared from the edible part of the pseudo-fruit. Objective: This study sought to identify and quantify phenolic compounds, determine vitamin C content, total flavonoid content, and the antioxidant activity of two commercial brands of clarified cashew apple juice (cajuína) produced in Piauí, Brazil. Methods: Spectrophotometric and high performance liquid chromatography were used. Results: A high vitamin C content was found mainly in brand A. A high total phenolic content was observed in brand A, and there was no significant difference in flavonoid content between the two brands. Cajuína had high antioxidant activity, which was confirmed by two methods. The highest value was found for brand A by the DPPH method. Conclusion: We concluded that this clarified cashew apple juice has a high antioxidant compound content, and it is a functional food.

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NEW FLAVONOIDS FROM THE AERIAL PARTS OF POLYGONUM EQUISETIFORME SM (POLYGONACEAE)

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i2.15593 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 166 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sayed A. El-toumy ◽

Joslin Y. Salib ◽

Nabila H. Shafik ◽

Asmaa S. Abd Elkarim ◽

Gihan A. Mick

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Methyl Ester ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Gallic Acid ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Flavonoid Content ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Dpph Method ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid

Objective: The current study was to deal the isolation and identification of secondary metabolites from Polygonum equisetiforme and evaluation of antioxidant activity of its extract.Methods: The methanol-water extract (7:3) of the air-dried aerial parts of Polygonum equisetiforme was fractionated and separated to obtain the isolated compounds by different chromatographic techniques. Structures of these compounds were elucidated by UV and 1D⁄2D H⁄ C NMR spectroscopy and compared with the literature data. The crude extract was evaluated for in vitro antioxidant activity using the 2,2 diphenyl dipicryl hydrazine (DPPH) method.Results: Ten secondary metabolites were isolated from Polygonum equisetiforme in this study. Of which three new flavonoids named as 3,5,7,2’,5’ pentahydroxyflavone 3-O-b-D-glucopyranoside (1), 3,5,7,2’,5’ pentahydroxyflavone 3-O-b-D-glucopyranoside 8 C-sulphated (2) and quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucucorinde 6''-methyl ester 8-sulphated (3) as well as quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucucorinde methyl ester (4), quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), quercetin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), quercetin(7), myricetin (8), P-methoxy gallic acid methyl ester (9) and gallic acid (10). The antioxidant potential of P. equisetiforme extract was evaluated by investigating it's total phenolic and flavonoid content and DPPH radical scavenging activity whereby the extract showed significant antioxidant activity (IC50 = 37.45 μg/ml). The total phenolic and flavonoid content was found to be 130.79±5.502 and 45.8±1.63 μg/ml, respectively.Conclusion: Polygonum equisetiforme is a promising medicinal plant, and our study tends to support the therapeutic value of this plant as an antioxidant drug.

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UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK ETANOL BULBUS BAWANG DAYAK (Eleutherine americana Merr) DENGAN METODE DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-Picrylhydrazyl)

PHARMACON ◽

10.35799/pha.9.2020.30031 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 451

Author(s):

Rizkah V. Mokoginta ◽

Herny E. I. Simbala ◽

Karlah L.R Mansauda

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Onion Plant ◽

Dpph Method ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

Experimental Laboratory ◽

Ethanol Extracts ◽

Eleutherine Americana

ABSTRACTDayak onion plant (Eleutherine americana Merr.) or commonly called forest onion is a typical plant of Central Kalimantan that has been used by local peoples for cure a various types of diseases. This study aims to determine the activity of antioxidant compounds from Dayak bulb ethanol extracts from Kotamobagu City. This research method is an experimental laboratory. Initially the Dayak bulb sample was extracted maceration with 96% ethanol solvent then evaporated until a thick extract was obtained. As a parameter, the DPPH method (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) was used to test the antioxidant activity of the samples at concentrations of 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90 mg / L and as a comparison standard used Vitamin C with concentrations of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 mg / L. The results obtained showed antioxidant activity in Dayak bulb ethanol extracts with IC50 values of 41.46 mg / L and on vitamin C IC50 values of 1.04 mg / L. Based on these results it can be concluded that the onion bulb ethanol extract has very strong antioxidant activity. Keywords: Dayak Onion bulbs, Activity, Antioxidant, DPPH ABSTRAK Tanaman bawang Dayak (Eleutherine americana Merr.) atau biasa disebut bawang hutan merupakan tanaman khas Kalimantan Tengah yang sudah dipergunakan masyarakat lokal sebagai obat berbagai jenis penyakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas senyawa antioksidan dari ekstrak etanol bulbus bawang Dayak yang berasal dari Kota Kotamobagu. Metode penelitian ini adalah eksperimental laboratorium. Awalnya sampel bulbus bawang Dayak diekstraksi maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96% kemudian dievaporasi hingga didapatkan ekstrak kental. Sebagai parameter, digunakan metode DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) untuk pengujian aktivitas antioksidan sampel pada konsentrasi 50, 60, 70, 80 dan 90 mg/L dan sebagai standar pembanding digunakan Vitamin C dengan konsentrasi 2, 4, 6, 8 dan 10 mg/L. Hasil penelitian yang didapat menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan pada ekstrak etanol bulbus bawang Dayak dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 41,46 mg/L dan pada vitamin C nilai IC50 sebesar 1,04 mg/L. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol bulbus bawang Dayak memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang sangat kuat. Kata kunci: Bulbus Bawang Dayak, Aktivitas, Antioksidan, DPPH

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Changes of antioxidant activity in honey after heat treatment

Czech Journal of Food Sciences ◽

10.17221/509/2012-cjfs ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 31 (No. 6) ◽

pp. 601-606 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

G. Šarić ◽

K. Marković ◽

D. Vukičević ◽

E. Lež ◽

M. Hruškar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Total Phenolic Content ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Dpph Method ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Acacia Honey ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power

We determined how the antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of honey changed after being subjected to a high temperature. Antioxidant activity was determined using two methods – FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) and DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assays. Total phenolic content was determined by modified Folin-Ciocalteu method. The research was conducted on 31 samples of acacia honey and 8 samples of chestnut honey. All measurements were done at two temperatures – at 23°C (room temperature) and after 5 min of heating at 95°C. The obtained results show uneven changes of antioxidant activity and total phenolic content among individual samples, i.e. in some samples antioxidant activity decreased after heating, while in others it increased. The same applies to the total phenolic content. Statistical analysis of the results (t-test) showed no statistically significant differences between the results measured at two different temperatures (P > 0.05) in all three methods used, and in both types of honey. The only statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed when using DPPH method in acacia honey.

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Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenols, Flavonoids and LCMS Profile of Chamaecrista hildebrandtii (Vatke) Lock and Clerodendrum rotundifolium (Oliv.)

European Journal of Medicinal Plants ◽

10.9734/ejmp/2018/v26i330093 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Rechab S. Odhiambo ◽

Patrick G. Kareru ◽

Erastus K. Mwangi ◽

Daniel W. Onyango

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Tannic Acid ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Total Phenols ◽

Flavonoid Content ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Different Types

Aims: The purpose of the study was to determine the antioxidant activity, quantify total phenols and total flavonoids and characterize the secondary metabolites present in methanolic extracts of Chamaecrista hildebrandtii and Clerodendrum rotundifolium using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Methodology: The total phenol and flavonoid contents were determined spectrophotometrically while the antioxidant activity was evaluated using the 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method. The secondary metabolites present in the methanolic leaves extracts were evaluated using LC-MS. Results: The extracts of C. hildebrandtii showed a significantly higher antioxidant activity (IC50 = 8.7 mg/mL) compared to C. rotundifolium (IC50= 28.5 mg/mL). Both methanolic extracts of C. hildebrandtii and C. rotundifolium had common and different types of flavonoids such as quercetin, rutin, (+)-catechin 3-O-gallate and luteolin 6-C-glucoside among others that could be responsible for the observed antioxidant activity. The total phenolic content of C. hildebrandtii (1.33±0.07 mg/g tannic acid equivalents) was significantly higher than that of C. rotundifolium (0.25±0.00 mg/g tannic acid equivalents). However, there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) in total flavonoid content of C. hildebrandtii (2.69±0.33 mg/g catechin equivalents) and C. rotundifolium (2.36±0.16 mg/g catechin equivalents). Conclusion: The results of the present study suggested that the good antioxidant activity exhibited by C. hildebrandtii may probably have been brought about by various secondary metabolites functioning in synergy.

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Comparative study of the antioxidant properties of silymarin and milk thistle extracts

Trakia Journal of Sciences ◽

10.15547/tjs.2021.01.001 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

V. Ivanov ◽

M. Pavlova

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Water Extract ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Milk Thistle ◽

Flavonoid Content ◽

Silybum Marianum ◽

Dpph Method ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid

Purpose: Milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn) has been used for centuries as a natural remedy for liver and gall bladder / biliary tract diseases. Silymarin is the purified and standardized extract from milk thistle seeds. The purpose of the present study is to present a comparative analysis of the total phenolic substances content and the antioxidant effect of silymarin and three different types of Silybum marianum extracts (i.e. ethanol extract, water extract and lyophilized extract). Methods: Total phenolic and flavonoid content of extracts was analysed and the antioxidant activity was assessed by determining their free radical scavenging ability by DPPH method. Results: Total phenolic content is the highest in silymarin– 134.12±3.22 mg GAE/g, followed by lyophilized water extract – 51.74±2.10 mg GAE/g. Silymarin has also been found to have the highest antioxidant activity among all extract samples (338.03 VCEAC µmol /g), followed by S.marianum lyophilised extract (123.05 VCEAC µmol/g). Conclusions: A strong correlation between total phenolic and flavonoid content in the extracts and their antioxidant activity has been found.

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UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN EKSTRAK ETANOL KULIT BATANG MAHONI (Swietenia mahagoni Jacq.) MENGGUNAKAN METODE DPPH (1,1 diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl)

PHARMACON ◽

10.35799/pha.8.2019.29329 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 548

Author(s):

Amanda T. M. Turangan ◽

Defny S. Wewengkang ◽

Adithya Yudistira

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Free Radicals ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Medicinal Plant ◽

Positive Control ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Phytochemical Screening ◽

Oxidation Reactions ◽

Dpph Method ◽

Swietenia Mahagoni

Antioxidant are compounds that are able to inactivate the development of the oxidation reactions of the molecules or neutralize free radicals. Mahogany bark (Swietenia mahagoni Jacq.) has properties as a medicinal plant. Through the phytochemical screening, the mahogany bark (Swietenia mahagoni Jacq.) contains antioxidant compounds such as alkaloids, saponins and phenolics. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of antioxsidant activity in the extract of mahogany bark (Swietenia mahagoni Jacq.). using the DPPH method with a concentration of 250 mg / L, 200 mg / L, 150 mg / L and 100 mg / L and Vitamin C p.a as a positive control. Each sample made three repetitions of the test. The test uses a UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. The result of the study showed that mahogany bark (Swietenia mahagoni Jacq.) showed antioxidant activity with the percentage of 21,50% at the concentration at 250 mg / LKeywords : Swietenia mahagoni Jacq., Antioxidant, Ethanol, DPPHABSTRAKAntioksidan ialah senyawa yang mampu menginaktivasi berkembangnya reaksi oksidasi molekul lain atau menetralisir radikal bebas. Kulit Batang Mahoni (Swietenia mahagoni Jacq.) memiliki khasiat sebagai tanaman obat. Melalui skrining fitokimia, Swietenia mahagoni Jacq. Mengandung senyawa antioksidan seperti alkaloid, saponin dan fenolik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya aktivitas antioksidan didalam ekstrak tanaman Kulit Batang Switenia mahagoni Jacq. menggunakan metode DPPH dengan konsentrasi 250 mg/L, 200 mg/L, 150 mg/L dan 100 mg/L dan Vitamin C p.a sebagai kontrol positif. Masing-masing sampel dibuat tiga kali pengulangan uji. Pengujian menggunakan alat Spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak Kulit Batang Swietenia mahagoni Jacq. memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dengan presentase sebesar 21,50% pada konsentrasi 250 mg/L Kata Kunci : Swietenia mahagoni Jacq., Antioksidan, Etanol, DPPH

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Antioxidant Activity Analysis and Standardization of Parkia speciosa (Petai) Pods Ethanol Extract

Science & Technology Indonesia ◽

10.26554/sti.2019.4.1.5-10 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 5 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Najma Annuria Fithri ◽

Fitrya Fitrya ◽

Tia Shabrina ◽

Diva Yulanri

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Water Content ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Flavonoid Content ◽

Structural Stabilization ◽

Dpph Method ◽

Research Outcome ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid

Parkia speciosa (petai) pods are rarely used and considered as waste despite their phenolic and flavonoid content. Phenolic and flavonoid content in plants are known to exhibit antioxidant activity. Antioxidants are known to potentially act agains radical and mediate the damage by structural stabilization. This research was conducted to analyze the antioxidant potential of petai pods using DPPH method. Analysis showed the IC50 of petai pods ethanolic extract was 75.72 ppm, which indicate strong acting antioxidant. Standardization of extracts were determined to manage the quality of extract, including the analysis of density, water content, ash values, and quantification of total phenolic and flavonoid content. Research outcome indicate the extract retain its quality during storage and use which confrmed to standardization requirements of water content and ash values. Total phenolics and flavonoid obtained were 272.45 mg/gGAE and 243.2029 mg/gQE respectively. Based from this research, petai pods ethanolic extract present strong antioxidant activity which was contributed by high existing content of flavonoid and phenolic compounds.

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Characterisation of the total phenolic, vitamins C and E content and antioxidant properties of the beebread and honey from the same batch

Czech Journal of Food Sciences ◽

10.17221/312/2019-cjfs ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 158-163

Author(s):

Tomasz Sawicki ◽

Natalia Bączek ◽

Małgorzata Starowicz

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Vitamin E ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Flavonoid Content ◽

Bioactive Substances ◽

Reducing Activity ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid ◽

Reducing Potential

The aim of this study was to compare total phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant and reducing activity, as well as vitamin C and E content in beebread and honey. The antioxidant activity of samples was determined by photochemiluminescence (PCL) assay, while reducing potential was measured using FRAP and ORAC assays. Vitamin C was analysed by HPLC–MS-TripleTOF method and vitamin E by HPLC-DAD. Beebread was characterised by the higher level of the total phenolic (~90%), flavonoid (~97%), vitamin C (~99%) and E (~98%) as compared to the honey. The data showed that beebread had also higher values of antioxidant activity and reducing potential by ~99% and ~41–98%, respectively, than honey. Our findings indicate that beebread is valuable source of bioactive substances, with the high beneficial properties.

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Effect of high hydrostatic pressure on phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid and antioxidant activity in cashew apple juice

High Pressure Research ◽

10.1080/08957959.2010.530598 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 507-513 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

C. Queiroz ◽

C. F.F. Moreira ◽

F. C. Lavinas ◽

M. L.M. Lopes ◽

E. Fialho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Hydrostatic Pressure ◽

High Hydrostatic Pressure ◽

Apple Juice ◽

Cashew Apple Juice ◽

Cashew Apple

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Free radical scavenging activity, total phenolic and flavonoid contents of mulberry (Morus spp. L., Moraceae) extracts

Hemijska industrija ◽

10.2298/hemind111111002r ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 66 (4) ◽

pp. 547-552 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Marija Radojkovic ◽

Zoran Zekovic ◽

Senka Vidovic ◽

Drago Kocar ◽

Pavle Maskovic

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Phenolic Components ◽

Dpph Method ◽

Morus Spp ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid

Mulberry (Morus spp. L., Moraceae) fruits, leaves, bark and branch have been used in traditional medicine as diuretic, hypoglycemic and hypotensive. The mechanism of their effects is correlated with the content of active components. Objective of this work was to evaluate and compare antioxidant properties of different extracts of two Morus species growing in Serbia: Morus alba L. (white mulberry) and Morus nigra L. (black mulberry). Potential antioxidant activity, content of antioxidant compounds (phenolics and flavonoids) and radical scavenging capacity, tested by DPPH method, were evaluated. The phenolic and flavonoid composition of different Morus extracts was determined by the HPLC method. The extracts prepared from fruits, leaves and roots of M. alba and M. nigra exhibited different characteristics. The highest extraction yield was achieved by M. alba leaves extraction (23.40%). M. nigra roots extract shown the highest total phenolics (186.30 mg CAE/g), while highest total flavonoids content (67.37 mg RE/g) was determined for M. nigra leaves extracts. In addition, black mulberry leaves extracts with the highest antioxidant activity had the highest phenolic acids contents. The dominant phenolic components in the samples were rutin and chlorogenic acid. All investigated mulberry dry extracts shown high content of phenolic compounds and significant antioxidant activity. This work contributes to knowledge of the antioxidant properties of Morus species. The obtained results may be useful in the evaluation of new dietary supplements and food products.

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