Current Nanotechnology Based Solutions for Sustainable Wastewater Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabnam Murshid ◽  
Kannappan Panchamoorthy Gopinath ◽  
Dhakshinamoorthy Gnana Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Nano Materials ◽  
Wastewater Remediation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Time Utilization ◽  
Sustainable Wastewater Treatment

Background: Industrialization plays an important role in the growth of a nation. But it is also one of the causes for the deteriorating condition of our ecosystem. The pollution, be it aquatic, terrestrial or air -borne, has affected our environment drastically and industrial and domestic wastewater plays a major role in it. As the Earth transforms into an urban sprawl, industries flourish, pollution increases and the natural resources deplete. Recently nano-engineering based technologies have been explored for the purpose of wastewater treatment which help in the detection and remediation of the pollutants present in wastewater. Various nano-material based technologies deployed in wastewater treatment are discussed in this article. Methods: A thorough survey of literature was effectuated, and study was focused mainly upon the different types of nano-materials applied for the purpose of wastewater management and the diverse treatment methods related to them. Literature were also studied to confirm the functionalization of nano-materials as pollution sensors. Results: There are four main kinds of nano-materials employed for the purpose of wastewater remediation i.e. metallic nano-materials, carbon based nano-materials, nanocomposites and dendrimers. The treatment technologies utilizing these materials are nanofiltration, nano-adsorption, nano-photocatalysis and disinfection. Conclusion: Nano-materials are quite efficient in removing the pollutants from different kinds of wastewater. But drawbacks such as expenditure and effect of the materials in the environment make it difficult for real-time utilization. Since the nano-scaled elements behave differently than their standard sized counterparts, the consequence of these materials in human life cycle is unknown. This knowledge gap should be filled so that these materials can be adopted worldwide.

Clustering of towns and villages for centralized wastewater treatment

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 85-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassaan A. Abd El Gawad ◽  
J. H. C. Butter
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
Master Plan ◽  
Operation Costs ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Centralized Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Number Of Treatment

In 1993 the Governorate of Fayoum completed its master plan for wastewater management. The master plan presents a staged implementation schedule for the development of wastewater facilities for the Governorate, covering needs up to the year 2020. The targets are ambitious: in order to meet sanitary health standards, nearly two million people (or 60% of the total population) living in 70 towns and villages would need to be served with sewerage systems. Providing all these areas with separate wastewater treatment plants would be impractical. The centralization of treatment at a limited number of treatment plants for clusters of towns and villages has advantages in terms of manageability, cost and environmental protection. In the master plan the configuration of these clusters is presented. For that purpose a stepped approach has been developed: an approach in which aspects such as construction and operation costs of the facilities, existing infrastructure, the geography of the governorate, environmental impact, alternative treatment technologies and phasing of implementation have been considered. An important element of the stepped approach is an analytical model with which - from financial point of view - the optimum size of a cluster can be estimated. Variables of the model are sizes of towns and villages, distances and treatment technologies. The output of the model is a set of general design criteria which has been applied to the specific situation in the governorate. The model has contributed to the establishment of the Master Plan for Wastewater: a plan now used by the Fayoum Sanitation Department as a framework to initiate new projects and to direct the activities of other agencies working in the sanitation sector in the governorate.

Preparation and Application of Polymer-Metal Oxide Nanocomposites in Wastewater Treatment

2020 ◽  
pp. 83-102
Author(s):  
Victor Odhiambo Shikuku ◽  
Wilfrida N. Nyairo
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Polymer Metal ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Sustainable Wastewater Treatment

The search for efficient and sustainable wastewater treatment technologies is a subject of continuing research. This is due to the emergence of new classes of water contaminants that are recalcitrant to the conventional wastewater treatment technologies and the stringent allowable limits for contaminant levels set by environmental management authorities. The chapter discusses the developments in synthesis methods and application of polymer-metal oxides as emerging facile materials for wastewater treatment. The varying uses of polymer-metal oxides for different processes in water treatment under varying operational conditions and their performance for different pollutants are critically analyzed. Their strengths and inherent limitations are also highlighted. The chapter demonstrates that polymer-metal oxides are facile low-cost and efficient materials and can be integrated in wastewater and drinking water treatment systems.

Sustainable Wastewater Treatment Technologies Based on Resource Recovery and Energy Utilization

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 2060-2064
Author(s):  
Zhao Han Zhang ◽  
Li Jun Xiang ◽  
Qiu Yan Zou ◽  
Yu Jie Feng ◽  
Pei Rong Zhan
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Resource Recovery ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Treatment Models ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Development Orientation ◽  
Sustainable Wastewater Treatment

In the context of global sustainable development, traditional wastewater treatment models reveal its shortcomings due to lack of recovering resource and energy in wastewater. Sustainable wastewater treatment technologies, taken wastewater as carriers of resource and energy, have been paid close attention. Starting from the existing problems of present wastewater treatment technology and focusing on the concept of resource recovery and energy utilization, this paper discussed the production technologies for hydrogen, electricity, diesel and methane from wastewater based on carbon resource recovery, and nitrogen resource treatment technologies with low energy consumption (such as shortcut nitrification-denitrification, ANAMMOX and SND). The latest research processes were also summarized. The research and development orientation of sustainable treatment technology for urban wastewater was put forward.

scholarly journals Application of TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles immobilized on clay in wastewater treatment: a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mustapha ◽  
M. M. Ndamitso ◽  
A. S. Abdulkareem ◽  
J. O. Tijani ◽  
D. T. Shuaib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Wastewater Remediation ◽  
Active Surface Sites ◽  
Filtration Technique

AbstractIncrease in industrial and anthropogenic activities leads to a decline in water quality. This necessitates the need for the removal of contaminants from industrial and domestic wastewater. Clay minerals are naturally abundant and non-toxic materials that found to be useful for remediation of emerging contaminants from wastewater. This review paper presents an insight into clay, the simplest material (in solgel techniques) for the synthesis of TiO2 and ZnO, mechanisms of their reactions, analytical techniques used for characterizations, and their nanocomposites for wastewater treatment. Nanomaterials, such as nanoclay, titanium, and zinc oxide, have offered the opportunities of sequestering variety of pollutants in wastewater. TiO2 and ZnO anchored on clay have been found to be good promising sequesters and have been explored for wastewater remediation via nanotechnology. This water treatment method includes adsorption/absorption, photocatalysis, and microbial disinfection. These nanocomposites provide more active surface sites and reduce the agglomeration of the nanoparticles, but leaching has been their shortcomings. To overcome this, the filtration technique may become significant for the removal and avoidance of fouling of wastewater. This can be achieved through the fabrication of nano-based filters using the nanocomposites.

Очистка бытовых сточных вод обратным осмосом

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pervov ◽  
K. Tikhonov
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Working Pressure ◽  
Reject Water ◽  
Membrane Apparatus ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Optimal Values ◽  
Raw Wastewater

Исследована возможность обработки бытовых сточных вод методом обратного осмоса с целью получения высококачественной воды, пригодной для сброса в водоем рыбохозяйственного назначения или для технических нужд. Представлено обоснование возможности утилизации концентрата установки обратного осмоса путем радикального сокращения его расхода до величины, не превышающей 0,51 расхода поступающей на очистку воды, и выведения концентрата с установки вместе с обезвоженным осадком в виде его влажности. Проведены эксперименты, позволяющие определить изменение концентрации растворенных загрязнений в фильтрате мембранных аппаратов и снижение производительности мембран в процессе обработки сточных вод и сокращения расхода концентрата. Получены основные зависимости, позволяющие определить: требуемый расход концентрата установки в зависимости от концентрации взвешенных веществ и ХПК требуемые значения выхода фильтрата в зависимости от концентраций аммония в исходной воде. Описана методика определения площади поверхности мембран и количества мембранных аппаратов на каждой ступени обработки сточной воды. Определены оптимальные значения рабочего давления, экономические показатели установки в сравнении с другими технологиями очистки сточных вод.Possible treatment of domestic wastewater by the reverse osmosis with the purpose of producing high-quality effluent suitable for the discharge into fishery water bodies or for the use as process water has been investigated. Possible recycling of reject water from a reverse osmosis unit by drastically reducing the flow rate to the value less than 0.51 of the incoming flow and removing the reject water as a moisture component of the dewatered sludge is presented. Experiments have been carried out to determine the change in the concentration of dissolved solids in the filtrate of the membrane apparatus and a decrease in the membrane capacity in the process of wastewater treatment and reject water flow reduction. The obtained dependencies allow to determine the following: the required flow rate of the reject water depending on the concentration of suspended solids and COD the required filtrate yield depending on the concentration of ammonium in raw wastewater. The methodology for determining the surface area of membranes and the number of membrane apparatus at each stage of wastewater treatment is described. The optimal values of working pressure, economic indicators of the unit in comparison with other wastewater treatment technologies were determined.

scholarly journals Challenges and Resolutions for Sustainable Domestic Wastewater Management in Kabul City, Afghanistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1394-1401
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Management Framework ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Improved Sanitation ◽  
Treatment Facilities

There is an extreme lack of statistics about Kabul city wastewater management. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate and address the current circumstances and key challenges of domestic wastewater management in residential areas. In addition, to recommend sustainable solutions. The methodology adopted includes the use of questionnaires, field observation and review relevant documents from related stakeholders. The result indicated that more than 50% of households do not have improved toilets. There are no proper wastewater treatment plants except Macroyans’ wastewater treatment facilities that are not worked properly. Furthermore, there is no proper drainage system. Approximately 100 % of domestic wastewater is discharged to the environment without appropriate treatment that creates severe health and environmental problems such as groundwater pollution, bad odors, and effects on biodiversity. The major diseases are diarrhea, malaria, cholera, and typhoid. The key challenges of domestic wastewater management include; absence of improved sanitation facilities, lack of proper wastewater treatment plants and drainages system, poor government responsibilities, deficiency of public participation and unsolid of sustainable wastewater management framework. According to the current circumstances and challenges of domestic wastewater management: decentralized wastewater treatment technologies, enforcement of legislation, decentralization of planning and budgeting to local institutions, involving public, planners and policy-makers at all level and forming of a sustainable wastewater management framework are the main elements which can contribute with wastewater management sustainability in Kabul city

scholarly journals Industrial Wastewater Treatment Technologies For Reuse, Recycle, And Recovery: Advantages, Disadvantages, And Gaps.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Mejía ◽  
Aymer Maturana ◽  
Diego Gómez ◽  
Christian Quintero ◽  
Luis Arismendy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Waste Processing ◽  
Hybrid Processes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Wastewater Quality ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Sustainable Wastewater Treatment

Abstract To reduce demand and discharge, instead of industrial wastewater being poorly treated and disposed of, it can be recycled, reused, or recovered if it is properly managed, thus having a substantial decrease in the water requirement and environmental impacts. The challenge is to select the appropriate process or combination of processes to achieve this based on the wastewater quality. Consequently, the objective of this investigation is to review every technology from conventional through advanced, for reliable and sustainable wastewater treatment and derived sludges, focusing on advantages, disadvantages, and technical gaps for development. Even though there is a wide range of possible technologies, it was evinced that there is huge potential to exploit and make them economically and sustainably viable for waste processing and circular economy, even in the mature massively implemented wastewater treatment technologies in the industry. Overall, we identify that independently from the technology to be studied, the future investigations on every unit, especially on those not vastly implemented, should be focused on: (1) The capacity in removing selected pollutants and decreasing impurities, (2) energy efficiency, (3) environmental safety, (4) economic viability, (5) hybrid processes, and (6) sustainability by waste processing.

Preparation and Application of Polymer-Metal Oxide Nanocomposites in Wastewater Treatment

2021 ◽  
pp. 393-407
Author(s):  
Victor Odhiambo Shikuku ◽  
Wilfrida N. Nyairo
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Polymer Metal ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Sustainable Wastewater Treatment

The search for efficient and sustainable wastewater treatment technologies is a subject of continuing research. This is due to the emergence of new classes of water contaminants that are recalcitrant to the conventional wastewater treatment technologies and the stringent allowable limits for contaminant levels set by environmental management authorities. The chapter discusses the developments in synthesis methods and application of polymer-metal oxides as emerging facile materials for wastewater treatment. The varying uses of polymer-metal oxides for different processes in water treatment under varying operational conditions and their performance for different pollutants are critically analyzed. Their strengths and inherent limitations are also highlighted. The chapter demonstrates that polymer-metal oxides are facile low-cost and efficient materials and can be integrated in wastewater and drinking water treatment systems.

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