Impact of Viscosity and Refractive Index on Droplet Size and Zeta Potential of Model O/W and W/O Nanoemulsion

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faiyaz Shakeel ◽  
Nazrul Haq ◽  
Mohd Ali ◽  
Fars K. Alanazi ◽  
Ibrahim A. Alsarra
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Droplet Size

scholarly journals Vitamin E Loaded Naringenin Nanoemulsion via Intranasal Delivery for the Management of Oxidative Stress in a 6-OHDA Parkinson’s Disease Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bharti Gaba ◽  
Tahira Khan ◽  
Md Faheem Haider ◽  
Tausif Alam ◽  
Sanjula Baboota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Refractive Index ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
Intranasal Delivery ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
Swimming Test

Purpose. The present study is an attempt to develop a vitamin E loaded naringenin (NRG) Nanoemulsion (NE) for direct nose-to-brain delivery for better management of Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods. The optimized NE was evaluated for efficacy in PD using multiple behavioral studies (including narrow beam test, muscular coordination test, grip strength test, forced swimming test, and akinesia test) in a rat model. Optimized formulation was evaluated for droplet size, polydispersity index (PDI), refractive index, transmittance, zeta potential, and viscosity. Results. Optimized NE had a droplet size of 38.70 ± 3.11nm, PDI of 0.14 ± 0.0024, refractive index of 1.43 ± 0.01, transmittance of 98.12 ± 0.07 %, zeta potential of − 27.4 ± 0.14 mV, and viscosity of 19.67 ± 0.25 Pa s. Behavioral studies showed that 6-OHDA induced PD in rats were successfully reversed when administered with NRG NE intranasally along with the levodopa. While the levels of GSH and SOD were significantly higher, levels of MDA were significantly lower in the group treated with NRG NE via intranasal route along with levodopa. Conclusion. Encouraging results from current study provide evidence for possible efficacy of a novel noninvasive intranasal delivery system of NRG for management of PD related symptoms.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF MICROEMULSION FORMULATION FOR ORAL DELIVERY OF ROSUVASTATIN CALCIUM

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Himanshu Paliwal ◽  
Ram Singh Solanki ◽  
Chetan Singh Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
In Vitro Dissolution ◽  
Microemulsion Formulation ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol 400 ◽  
Rosuvastatin Calcium

The purpose of conducting this study was to prepare an oral microemulsion formulation of Rosuvastatin calcium (RC) to improve its water solubility. Oil in water microemulsion was formulated using Oleic acid, Tween 80 and Polyethylene Glycol-400(PEG-400) as oil, surfactant and co-surfactant, respectively. The ideal proportion of surfactant: co-surfactant (Smix) was chosen by constructing pseudoternary diagrams. The microemulsion formulations which proved to be stable after thermodynamic stability testing were further evaluated for physical characteristics. Selected formulations were evaluated for droplet size, zeta potential, polydispersity index, viscosity and % drug content. The results were suggestive that optimized microemulsion formulation (F2) was thermodynamically stable and clear having a droplet size of 74.29 nm and zeta potential of -18.44.  In vitro dissolution study for optimized microemulsion was performed using a dialysis bag method and cumulative % drug release was determined. The result from the release study was indicative of improved solubility of Rosuvastatin calcium which may serve to boost up the oral bioavailability of drug.

Electroacoustic Determination of Droplet Size and Zeta Potential in Concentrated Emulsions

1998 ◽  
pp. 311-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. O'Brien ◽  
T. A. Wade ◽  
M. L. Carasso ◽  
R. J. Hunter ◽  
W. N. Rowlands ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Concentrated Emulsions

Application of global rainbow technique in sprays with a dependence of the refractive index on droplet size

2013 ◽  
Vol 286 ◽  
pp. 295-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Saengkaew ◽  
V. Bodoc ◽  
G. Lavergne ◽  
G. Grehan
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Droplet Size

scholarly journals Development of edible films obtained from submicron emulsions based on whey protein concentrate, oil/beeswax and brea gum

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Cecchini ◽  
María J Spotti ◽  
Andrea M Piagentini ◽  
Viviana G Milt ◽  
Carlos R Carrara
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Edible Films ◽  
Whey Protein Concentrate ◽  
Vapor Permeability ◽  
Protein Concentrate

Edible films with whey protein concentrate (WPC) with a lipid component, sunflower oil (O) or beeswax (W), to enhance barrier to water vapor were obtained. Brea gum was used as emulsifier and also as matrix component. In order to achieve emulsion with small and homogeneous droplet size, an ultrasonicator equipment was used after obtaining a pre-emulsion using a blender. The films were made by casting. Effects of lipid fraction on droplet size, zeta potential, mechanical properties, water vapor permeability (WVP), solubility, and optical properties were determined. The droplet size of emulsions with BG decreased when decreasing the lipid content in the formulation. The zeta potential was negative for all the formulations, since the pH was close to 6 for all of them and pI of BG is close to 2.5, and pI of ß-lactoglobulin and α-lactalbumin (main proteins in WPC) are 5.2 and 4.1, respectively. Increasing W or SO content in blended films reduced the tensile strength and puncture resistance significantly. BG and WPC films without lipid presented better mechanical properties. The presence of lipids decreased the WVP, as expected, and those films having BG improved this property. BG films were slightly amber as a result of the natural color of the gum. BG has shown to be a good polysaccharide for emulsifying the lipid fraction and improving the homogeneity and mechanical properties of the films with WPC and beeswax or oil.

Impacts of various mixing approaches towards black seed oil-alginate emulsion attributes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1746-1751
Author(s):  
Shaiqah Mohd Rus ◽  
Farahidah Mohamed ◽  
Mohd. Rushdi Abu Bakar ◽  
Abd Almonem Doolaanea ◽  
Awis Sukarni Mohmad Sabere
Keyword(s):  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Dissolution Time ◽  
Black Seed ◽  
Magnetic Stirrer ◽  
Mixing Method ◽  
Black Seed Oil

Black seed oil (BSO) contains thymoquinone, an active ingredient that is well-known for its antioxidant property. The bitter taste of BSO makes it challenging for the consumers, mainly children and the elderly, to consume it every day. Thus, BSO is encapsulated in alginate beads in micrometre size to enhance its palatability. This encapsulation was previously established in the lab-scale and the standard mixing method to produce a stable BSO-alginate emulsion used a magnetic stirrer coupled with a sonicator. This mixing method is not suitable for the production of BSO beads at a large scale. Hence, this research aims to investigate the impacts of various mixing methods coupled with sonication towards the BSO-alginate emulsion attributes. Four BSOalginate coarse emulsions were prepared using a magnetic stirrer (MS) as the benchmark, overhead stirrer (OS), homogeniser (H), and overhead stirrer combined with homogeniser (OSH). All the coarse emulsions were then sonicated to produce a nanoemulsion using a flow cell sonicator. The coarse emulsions were characterised in terms of dissolution time while the nanoemulsions were characterised in terms of droplet size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, conductivity and absorbance. These characteristics were statistically compared to the benchmark emulsion characteristics. MS, OS, H, and OSH coarse emulsion formation required 45, 230, 102, and 46 minutes to be produced, respectively. There were significant differences (p <0.05) between the droplet size of OSH (266.53±4.36) nm and MS (285.50±1.15) nm emulsions, indicating that the OSH emulsion was more stable. The absorbance of OSH BSO-alginate nanoemulsion was significantly lower (p <0.05) than the benchmark. In comparison to MS as the benchmark, OSH technique produced a stable emulsion in terms of lower dissolution time, droplet size, zeta potential, and absorbance.

Development of Nanoemulsion Formulations of Ginger Extract

2013 ◽  
Vol 684 ◽  
pp. 12-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chutamas Uthumpa ◽  
Ratana Indranupakorn ◽  
Rathapon Asasutjarit
Keyword(s):  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Ostwald Ripening ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Ginger Extract ◽  
Spontaneous Emulsification ◽  
The Stability

The aim of the study was to enhance the stability of 6-gingerol, a major constituent in ginger extract, using nanoemulsion formulations. The effects of extraction techniques and solvents on the content of 6-gingerol in ginger powders were investigated. Assessments of three commonly used extraction techniques (maceration, sonication and soxhlet extraction) with two different extraction solvents (methanol and acetone) were used in this study. The highest of 6-gingerol content was obtained by using soxhlet extraction with acetone. Nanoemulsions were prepared from a mixture of oil phase (coconut oil and squalene), Cremophor® ELP, acetone and ginger extract by spontaneous emulsification method. Effect of coconut oil and squalene mass ratio on nanoemulsion formations were evaluated for the further optimization of the system, which characterized by droplet size, polydispersity index (PI), zeta potential and Oswald ripening. Stability studies at 4°C and ambient temperature for 3 months were performed. The formulation containing the mass of coconut oil to squalene ratio of 0.8:0.2 was stable and had the required droplet size (122.2+2.2 nm) in relation with PI of 0.18+0.07, zeta potential of -20.8+0.4 mV and Ostwald ripening of 0.11 nm.day-1. Negative-staining transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to image the emulsion droplets. Stability test under heating-cooling cycle also performed on optimized nanoemulsion. Then, the sample was analysed for 6-gingerol content. The percentage of the remaining 6-gingerol of optimized nanoemulsion was 90.89. Hence, it was concluded that the stability of 6-gingerol could be enhanced by using nanoemulsion formulation.

Stagnant Layer Conduction in Surfactant-Stabilized Hexadecane Emulsion Systems Measured by Electroacoustics

2003 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex M. Djerdjev ◽  
James K. Beattie ◽  
Robert J. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Shear Plane ◽  
Surface Conductance ◽  
Zeta Potentials ◽  
Emulsion Droplets ◽  
Dynamic Mobility

Previously reported zeta-potentials calculated from the electroacoustic behaviour of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) stabilized hexadecane emulsion droplets show certain anomalies. These can be resolved when electrical conduction in the stagnant layer behind the shear plane is included in the analysis. If stagnant layer conduction is ignored the addition of salt causes the apparent droplet size to increase and the magnitude of the zeta-potential to show a maximum. When stagnant layer conduction is included the dynamic mobility spectra can be fitted to a constant size distribution independent of the salt concentration with zeta-potentials that decrease as expected with increasing electrolyte concentration. Increasing SDS concentration, before the homogenization process, causes a decrease in droplet size and an increase in the total surface conductance to a constant value corresponding to the saturation of the surface with SDS. It is shown that the surface conductance and particle size distribution of hexadecane at any given volume fraction are functions of the concentration of SDS and the oil volume fraction. The zeta-potential changes log-linearly with added electrolyte and is independent of the SDS concentration or oil volume fraction used during the emulsification process.

scholarly journals De-Emulsification and Gravity Separation of Micro-Emulsion Produced with Enhanced Oil Recovery Chemicals Flooding

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2249
Author(s):  
Mohammad Kamal Asif Khan ◽  
Javed Akbar Khan ◽  
Habib Ullah ◽  
Hussain H. Al-Kayiem ◽  
Sonny Irawan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Tio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Stable Emulsion ◽  
Laser Scattering ◽  
Oil Droplet ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Oil Droplet Size

The present study investigates the effect of TiO2 nanoparticles on the stability of Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR)-produced stable emulsion. The chemical precipitation method is used to synthesize TiO2 nanoparticles, and their properties were determined using various analytical characterization techniques such as X-ray Diffraction (XRD), High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The effect of TiO2 nanoparticles is evaluated by measuring oil/water (o/w) separation, rag layer formation, oil droplet size, and zeta potential of the residual EOR produced emulsion. The laser scattering technique is used to determine the o/w separation. The results showed that spherical-shaped anatase phase TiO2 nanoparticles were produced with an average particle size of 122 nm. The TiO2 nanoparticles had a positive effect on o/w separation and the clarity of the separated water. The separated aqueous phases’ clarity is 75% and 45% with and without TiO2 nanoparticles, respectively. Laser scattering analysis revealed enhanced light transmission in the presence of TiO2 nanoparticles, suggesting higher o/w separation of the ASP-produced emulsion. The overall increase in the o/w separation was recorded to be 19% in the presence of TiO2 nanoparticles, indicating a decrease in the stability of ASP-produced emulsion. This decrease in the stability can be attributed to the improved coalescence’ action between the adjacent oil droplets and improved behavior of o/w interfacial film. An observable difference was found between the oil droplet size before and after the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles, where the oil droplet size increased from 3 µm to 35 µm. A similar trend of zeta potential is also noticed in the presence of TiO2 nanoparticles. Zeta potential was −13 mV to −7 mV, which is in the unstable emulsion range. Overall, the o/w separation is enhanced by introducing TiO2 nanoparticles into ASP-produced stable emulsion.

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