Physical and Mental Functions of Cardiovascular Disease Patients Decrease during the State of Emergency Initiated by the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kodai Ishihara ◽  
Kazuhiro P. Izawa ◽  
Shinichi Noto ◽  
Ikki Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
The State ◽  
Life Space ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Living Space ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Knee Extensor Muscle Strength

Background and Objective: We aimed to examine the differences in life-space mobility and quality of life (QoL) of patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) between the pre- and post-nationwide state of emergency initiated by the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Japan and to show the factors associated with the decrease in life-space mobility and QoL in these patients. Methods: We undertook a longitudinal study of 20 of 51 consecutive CVD patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) who met the study criteria. We used the Life-Space Assessment (LSA) tool to evaluate Life-space mobility and assessed QoL with the five-level EuroQoL five-dimensional questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L) in Japanese. Results: The LSA scores and EQ-5D-5L QoL score decreased significantly from the pre- to post-nationwide state of emergency in Japan (p < 0.01). ΔLSA was significantly positively associated with body mass index and significantly negatively associated with knee extensor muscle strength and pre-LSA score (p < 0.05). There were no significant relationships between ΔLSA and ΔEQ-5D-5L QoL scores and between ΔEQ-5D-5L QoL scores and patient characteristics. Conclusion: The policies promoted to address the state of emergency in Japan might affect life-space mobility and QoL of CAD patients. Moreover, CAD patients in Japan who were not obese and maintained their physical function and activity tended to refrain from activity during the period between the pre- and post-nationwide state of emergency. Clarification of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the relationship between living space motility and QoL in CAD patients will require further study.

scholarly journals Contemporary (2019) prevalence of cardiovascular disease in adults with type 2 diabetes in Brazil: the cross-sectional CAPTURE study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sérgio Vencio ◽  
André Gustavo Daher Vianna ◽  
Mariana Arruda C Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Dalton B Precoma
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Carotid Artery Disease ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Specialized Care ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Healthcare Visit

Abstract BackgroundType 2 diabetes (T2D) is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), and CVD is a major cause of mortality in patients with T2D. The CAPTURE study investigated the contemporary (2019) prevalence of established CVD in adults with T2D around the world. We report the findings from Brazil.MethodsThe multinational, non-interventional, cross-sectional CAPTURE study was conducted across 13 countries from five continents. The current manuscript explores data for the CAPTURE study sample in Brazil. Standardized demographic and clinical data were collected from adults with T2D aged ≥ 18 years attending a single routine healthcare visit in primary or specialized care between December 2018 and September 2019. Data were analyzed descriptively.ResultsData from 912 adults with T2D were collected in the CAPTURE study in Brazil, with 822 patients from primary care and 90 patients from specialized care. Median (interquartile range [IQR]) patient characteristics were as follows: age 64 years (57; 71), diabetes duration 11 years (6; 19), glycated hemoglobin 7.7% (6.7; 9.1), and body mass index 29.5 kg/m2 (26.4; 33.5); 59% were female. The CVD prevalence and atherosclerotic CVD prevalence in the Brazil sample were 43.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 40.9; 46.8) and 37.6% (95% CI 34.7; 40.5), respectively. The majority of patients with CVD had atherosclerotic CVD (85.8%). For the specific CVD subtypes, coronary heart disease prevalence was 27.9% (95% CI 25.2; 30.5), heart failure was 12.4% (95% CI 10.4; 14.4), cerebrovascular disease was 8.7% (95% CI 6.8; 10.5), and carotid artery disease was 3.4% (95% CI 2.3; 4.5). Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and/or sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors with proven cardiovascular benefit were prescribed to 15.5% of patients with CVD, compared with 18.4% of patients without CVD.ConclusionsCAPTURE was the first multinational, standardized study to provide contemporary data on CVD prevalence in adults with T2D in Brazil, and it demonstrated that almost one in two adults with T2D had established CVD. Except for carotid artery disease, the prevalence of all CVD subtypes in adults with T2D in Brazil appeared higher than the global CAPTURE prevalence.Trial registration: NCT03786406, NCT03811288.

scholarly journals Contemporary (2019) prevalence of cardiovascular disease in adults with type 2 diabetes in Brazil: the cross-sectional CAPTURE study

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sérgio Vencio ◽  
André Gustavo Daher Vianna ◽  
Mariana Arruda Camara Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Dalton Bertolim Precoma
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Carotid Artery Disease ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Specialized Care ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Artery Disease

Abstract Background Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), and CVD is a major cause of mortality in patients with T2D. The CAPTURE study investigated the contemporary (2019) prevalence of established CVD in adults with T2D around the world. We report the findings from Brazil. Methods The multinational, non-interventional, cross-sectional CAPTURE study was conducted across 13 countries from five continents. The current manuscript explores data for the CAPTURE study sample in Brazil. Standardized demographic and clinical data were collected from adults with T2D aged ≥ 18 years attending a single routine healthcare visit in primary or specialized care between December 2018 and September 2019. Data were analyzed descriptively. Results Data from 912 adults with T2D were collected in the CAPTURE study in Brazil, with 822 patients from primary care and 90 patients from specialized care. Median (interquartile range [IQR]) patient characteristics were as follows: age 64 years (57; 71), diabetes duration 11 years (6; 19), glycated hemoglobin 7.7% (6.7; 9.1), and body mass index 29.5 kg/m2 (26.4; 33.5); 59% were female. The CVD prevalence and atherosclerotic CVD prevalence in the Brazil sample were 43.9% (95% confidence interval [CI] 40.9; 46.8) and 37.6% (95% CI 34.7; 40.5), respectively. The majority of patients with CVD had atherosclerotic CVD (85.8%). For the specific CVD subtypes, coronary heart disease prevalence was 27.9% (95% CI 25.2; 30.5), heart failure was 12.4% (95% CI 10.4; 14.4), cerebrovascular disease was 8.7% (95% CI 6.8; 10.5), and carotid artery disease was 3.4% (95% CI 2.3; 4.5). Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and/or sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors with proven cardiovascular benefit were prescribed to 15.5% of patients with CVD, compared with 18.4% of patients without CVD. Conclusions CAPTURE was the first multinational, standardized study to provide contemporary data on CVD prevalence in adults with T2D in Brazil, and it demonstrated that almost one in two adults with T2D had established CVD. Except for carotid artery disease, the prevalence of all CVD subtypes in adults with T2D in Brazil appeared higher than the global CAPTURE prevalence. Trial registration NCT03786406, NCT03811288

“I'd make thee eat the mischief thou hast vented”: Discourse of Law in Ben Jonson's Catiline His Conspiracy

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-45
Author(s):  
Akihiko Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Political Discourse ◽  
Legal Discourse ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Gunpowder Plot ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Legal Procedures ◽  
The Way

This essay explores the discourse of law that constitutes the controversial apprehension of Cicero's issuing of the ultimate decree of the Senate (senatus consultum ultimum) in Catiline. The play juxtaposes the struggle of Cicero, whose moral character and legitimacy are at stake in regards to the extra-legal uses of espionage, with the supposedly mischievous Catilinarians who appear to observe legal procedures more carefully throughout their plot. To mitigate this ambivalence, the play defends Cicero's actions by depicting the way in which Cicero establishes the rhetoric of public counsel to convince the citizens of his legitimacy in his unprecedented dealing with Catiline. To understand the contemporaneousness of Catiline, I will explore the way the play integrates the early modern discourses of counsel and the legal maxim of ‘better to suffer an inconvenience than mischief,’ suggesting Jonson's subtle sensibility towards King James's legal reformation which aimed to establish and deploy monarchical authority in the state of emergency (such as the Gunpowder Plot of 1605). The play's climactic trial scene highlights the display of the collected evidence, such as hand-written letters and the testimonies obtained through Cicero's spies, the Allbroges, as proof of Catiline's mischievous character. I argue that the tactical negotiating skills of the virtuous and vicious characters rely heavily on the effective use of rhetoric exemplified by both the political discourse of classical Rome and the legal discourse of Tudor and Jacobean England.

Stentul JJ ureteral - care este optiunea mai buna? New Considerations Regarding Chronic Kidney Disease, Cardiovascular Disease and Dyslipidemia in Diabetic Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 2064-2066
Author(s):  
Mircea Munteanu ◽  
Adrian Apostol ◽  
Viviana Ivan
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Total Cholesterol Level ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Artery Disease

The aim of the present study is to investigate the prevalance of chronic kidney disease (CKD), of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and dyslipidemia in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). We conducted a prospective, controlled study involving 420 diabetic patients (120 T1DM, 300 T2DM) and investigate the following aspects: the presence of vascular complications (stroke, coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease), lipid profile (total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides), kidney function (glomerular filtration rate, albuminuria), blood pressure, HbA1C. The results that in diabetic patients with CKD there is an increased prevalence of CVD and of dislipidemia. Also we noticed a negative correlation between total cholesterol level and decease in eGFR in all patients, with or without CKD.

Circulating Stem/Progenitor Cells as Prognostic Biomarkers in Macro- and Microvascular Disease: A Narrative Review of Prospective Observational Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (35) ◽  
pp. 4507-4517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Rigato ◽  
Gian Paolo Fadini
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
English Language ◽  
Microvascular Disease ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cell Phenotypes

Background: Circulating progenitor cells (CPCs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are immature cells involved in vascular repair and related to many aspects of macro and microvascular disease. <p> Objective: We aimed to review studies reporting the prognostic role of CPCs/EPCs measurement on development of cardiovascular disease and microangiopathy. <p> Methods and Results: We reviewed the English language literature for prospective observational studies reporting the future development of cardiovascular disease or microangiopathy in patients having a baseline determination of CPCs/EPCs. We retrieved 34 studied reporting on cardiovascular outcomes and 2 studies reporting on microvascular outcomes. Overall, a reduced baseline level of CPCs/EPCs was associated with a significant increased risk of cardiovascular events, all-cause death, and onset/progression of microangiopathy. The most predictive phenotypes were CD34+ and CD34+CD133+. The main limitation was related to the high heterogeneity among studies in terms of patient characteristics and cell phenotypes. <p> Conclusion: The present review shows that a reduced level of circulating progenitor cells is a risk factor for the development of future cardiovascular events and death. In addition, low CPCs/EPCs levels predict the onset or worsening of microalbuminuria and retinopathy in diabetic patients.

Statins and Inflammation in Cardiovascular Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (46) ◽  
pp. 7027-7039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgia Vogiatzi ◽  
Evangelos Oikonomou ◽  
Gerasimos Siasos ◽  
Sotiris Tsalamandris ◽  
Alexandros Briasoulis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Hmg Coa Reductase ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Reductase Inhibitors ◽  
Immune System Activation ◽  
Hmg Coa Reductase Inhibitors ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Coa Reductase

Background: Chronic inflammation and immune system activation underlie a variety of seemingly unrelated cardiac conditions including not only atherosclerosis and the subsequent coronary artery disease but also peripheral artery disease, hypertension with target organ damage and heart failure. The beneficial effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors or statins are mainly attributed to their ability to inhibit hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis. Beyond their lipid lowering activity, ample evidence exists in support of their potent anti-inflammatory properties which initiate from the inhibition of GTPase isoprenylation, activating a cataract of secondary pathways and extend to the inhibition and blocking of immune cell activation and interaction. </P><P> Objective: To summarize the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of statins in clinical and experimental settings in cardiovascular disease. </P><P> Methods: A systematic search of PubMed and the Cochrane Database was conducted in order to identify the majority of trials, studies, current guidelines and novel articles related to the subject. </P><P> Results: In vitro, statins have immuno-modulatory and anti-inflammatory effects, and they can exert antiatherosclerotic effects independently of their hypolipidemic actions. In addition, positive results have emerged from mechanistic and experimental studies on the active role of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors in HF. By extrapolating those data in clinical setting, we further understand how HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors can beneficially affect not only systolic but also diastolic HF. </P><P> Conclusion: In this review article, we present the basic pathophysiologic data supporting the anti-inflammatory actions of statins in clinical and experimental settings and we link these mechanisms with confirmatory clinical data on the potent non lipid lowering effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors.

Japanese-language videos on YouTube as a source of public health information for COVID-19 (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeo Yasu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
The State ◽  
Video Content ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Public Health Information ◽  
Youtube Videos ◽  
Spread Of Infection

BACKGROUND Serious public health problems, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, can cause an infodemic. Sources of information that may cause an infodemic include social networking services; YouTube, which consists of content created and uploaded by individuals, is one such source. OBJECTIVE To survey the content and changes in YouTube videos that present public health information about COVID-19 in Japan. METHODS We surveyed YouTube content regarding public health information pertaining to COVID-19 in Japan. YouTube searches were performed on March 6, 2020 (before the state of emergency), April 14 (during the state of emergency), and May 27 (after the state of emergency was lifted), with 136, 113, and 140 sample videos evaluated, respectively. The main outcome measures were: (1) The total number of views for each video, (2) video content, and (3) the usefulness of the video. RESULTS In the 100 most viewed YouTube videos during the three periods, the number of videos on public health information in March was significantly higher than in May (p = .02). Of the 331 unique videos, 9.1% (n = 30) were released by healthcare professionals. Useful videos providing public health information about the prevention of the spread of infection comprised only 13.0% of the sample but were viewed significantly more often than not useful videos (p = .006). CONCLUSIONS Individuals need to take care when obtaining information from YouTube before or early in a pandemic, during which time scientific evidence is scarce.

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