Anti-Cancer Stem Cells Potentiality of an Anti-Malarial Agent Quinacrine: An Old Wine in a New Bottle

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biswajit Das ◽  
Chanakya N. Kundu
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Polymerase Activity ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Dna Intercalation ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Tricyclic Compound ◽  
Anti Cancer

: Quinacrine (QC) is a tricyclic compound and a derivative of 9-aminoacridine. It has been widely used to treat malaria and other parasitic diseases since the last century. Interestingly, studies have revealed that it also displayed anticancer activities. Here, we have discussed the anti-cancer mechanism of QC along with its potentiality to specifically target cancer stem cells. The anti-cancer action of this drug includes DNA intercalation, inhibition of DNA repair mechanism, prevention of cellular growth, cell cycle arrest, inhibition of DNA and RNA polymerase activity, induction of autophagy, promotion of apoptosis, deregulation of cell signaling in cancer cells and cancer stem cells, inhibition of metastasis and angiogenesis. In addition, we have also emphasized on the synergistic effect of this drug with other potent chemotherapeutic agents and mentioned its different applications in anti-cancer therapy.

Resveratrol as an Enhancer of Apoptosis in Cancer: A Mechanistic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milad Ashrafizadeh ◽  
Shahram Taeb ◽  
Hamed Haghi-Aminjan ◽  
Shima Afrashi ◽  
Kave Moloudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Fas Ligand ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Mitochondrial Pathway ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Chemotherapy Drugs ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Anti Cancer

: Resistance of cancer cells to therapy is a challenge for achieving an appropriate therapeutic outcome. Cancer (stem) cells possess several mechanisms for increasing their survival following exposure to toxic agents such as chemotherapy drugs, radiation as well as immunotherapy. Evidences show that apoptosis plays a key role in response of cancer (stem) cells and their multi drug resistance. Modulation of both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways of apoptosis can increase efficiency of tumor response and amplify the therapeutic effect of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy and also immunotherapy. To date, several agents as adjuvant have been proposed to overcome resistance of cancer cells to apoptosis. Natural products are interesting because of low toxicity on normal tissues. Resveratrol is a natural herbal agent that has shown interesting anti-cancer properties. It has been shown to kill cancer cells selectively, while protecting normal cells. Resveratrol can augment reduction/oxidation (redox) reactions, thus increases the production of ceramide and the expression of apoptosis receptors such as Fas ligand (FasL). Resveratrol also triggers some pathways which induce mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. On the other hand, resveratrol has an inhibitory effect on anti-apoptotic mediators such as nuclear factor κ B (NFκB), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), phosphatidylinositol 3–kinase (PI3K) and mTOR. In this review, we explain the modulatory effects of resveratrol on apoptosis, which can augment the therapeutic efficiency of anti-cancer drugs or radiotherapy.

Natural-Derived Molecules as a Potential Adjuvant in Chemotherapy: Normal Cell Protectors and Cancer Cell Sensitizers

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajib Hossain ◽  
Muhammad Torequl Islam ◽  
Mohammad S. Mubarak ◽  
Divya Jain ◽  
Rasel Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Anticancer Effect ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Normal Cells ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Global Threat

Background: Cancer is a global threat to humans and a leading cause of death worldwide. Cancer treatment includes, among other things, the use of chemotherapeutic agents, compounds that are vital for treating and preventing cancer. However, chemotherapeutic agents produce oxidative stress along with other side effects that would affect the human body. Objective: To reduce the oxidative stress of chemotherapeutic agents in cancer and normal cells by naturally derived compounds with anti-cancer properties, and protect normal cells from the oxidation process. Therefore, the need to develop more potent chemotherapeutics with fewer side effects has become increasingly important. Method: Recent literature dealing with the antioxidant and anticancer activities of the naturally naturally-derived compounds: morin, myricetin, malvidin, naringin, eriodictyol, isovitexin, daidzein, naringenin, chrysin, and fisetin has been surveyed and examined in this review. For this, data were gathered from different search engines, including Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Scopus, and Scifinder, among others. Additionally, several patient offices such as WIPO, CIPO, and USPTO were consulted to obtain published articles related to these compounds. Result: Numerous plants contain flavonoids and polyphenolic compounds such as morin, myricetin, malvidin, naringin, eriodictyol, isovitexin, daidzein, naringenin, chrysin, and fisetin, which exhibit ‎antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic actions via several mechanisms. These compounds show sensitizers of cancer cells and protectors of healthy cells. Moreover, these compounds can reduce oxidative stress, which is accelerated by chemotherapeutics and exhibit a potent anticancer effect on cancer cells. Conclusions: Based on these findings, more research is recommended to explore and evaluate such flavonoids and polyphenolic compounds.

Pharmacological targeting of mitochondria in cancer stem cells: An ancient organelle at the crossroad of novel anti-cancer therapies

2019 ◽  
Vol 139 ◽  
pp. 298-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Skoda ◽  
Karolina Borankova ◽  
Patric J. Jansson ◽  
Michael L.-H. Huang ◽  
Renata Veselska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Anti Cancer

scholarly journals Anti-Cancer Phytometabolites Targeting Cancer Stem Cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heron Torquato ◽  
Marcia Goettert ◽  
Giselle Justo ◽  
Edgar Paredes-Gamero
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Anti Cancer

scholarly journals Anticancer Activities of the Methanolic Extract from Lemon Leaves in Human Breast Cancer Stem Cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeong Yong Moon ◽  
Linh Thi Thao Nguyen ◽  
Ho Bong Hyun ◽  
Ahmed Osman ◽  
Minwhan Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Human Breast Cancer ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Breast Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Anticancer Activities

scholarly journals Metabolic Targeting of Cancer Stem Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Mukha ◽  
Anna Dubrovska
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Clonal Evolution ◽  
Cancer Therapies ◽  
Intrinsic Resistance ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Target Tumor Cell ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Metabolic Targeting

Most human tumors possess a high heterogeneity resulting from both clonal evolution and cell differentiation program. The process of cell differentiation is initiated from a population of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are enriched in tumor‐regenerating and tumor‐propagating activities and responsible for tumor maintenance and regrowth after treatment. Intrinsic resistance to conventional therapies, as well as a high degree of phenotypic plasticity, makes CSCs hard-to-target tumor cell population. Reprogramming of CSC metabolic pathways plays an essential role in tumor progression and metastatic spread. Many of these pathways confer cell adaptation to the microenvironmental stresses, including a shortage of nutrients and anti-cancer therapies. A better understanding of CSC metabolic dependences as well as metabolic communication between CSCs and the tumor microenvironment are of utmost importance for efficient cancer treatment. In this mini-review, we discuss the general characteristics of CSC metabolism and potential metabolic targeting of CSC populations as a potent strategy to enhance the efficacy of conventional treatment approaches.

A novel Anti-Cancer Stem Cells compound optimized from the natural symplostatin 4 scaffold inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 21-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuangwei Liu ◽  
Xian Gao ◽  
Lisong Zhang ◽  
Shuanglin Qin ◽  
Mingming Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Anti Cancer

scholarly journals The Effects of TGF-β Signaling on Cancer Cells and Cancer Stem Cells in the Bone Microenvironment

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 5117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuru Futakuchi ◽  
Kris Lami ◽  
Yuri Tachibana ◽  
Yukari Yamamoto ◽  
Masahiro Furukawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Skin Flap ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Bmp Signaling ◽  
Bone Microenvironment

Background: Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) plays a key role in bone metastasis formation; we hypothesized the possible involvement of TGF-β in the induction of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in the bone microenvironment (micro-E), which may be responsible for chemo-resistance. Methods: Mouse mammary tumor cells were implanted under the dorsal skin flap over the calvaria and into a subcutaneous (subQ) lesions in female mice, generating tumors in the bone and subQ micro-Es. After implantation of the tumor cells, mice were treated with a TGF-β R1 kinase inhibitor (R1-Ki). Results: Treatment with R1-Ki decreased tumor volume and cell proliferation in the bone micro-E, but not in the subQ micro-E. R1-Ki treatment did not affect the induction of necrosis or apoptosis in either bone or subQ micro-E. The number of cells positive for the CSC markers, SOX2, and CD166 in the bone micro-E, were significantly higher than those in the subQ micro-E. R1-Ki treatment significantly decreased the number of CSC marker positive cells in the bone micro-E but not in the subQ micro-E. TGF-β activation of the MAPK/ERK and AKT pathways was the underlying mechanism of cell proliferation in the bone micro-E. BMP signaling did not play a role in cell proliferation in either micro-E. Conclusion: Our results indicated that the bone micro-E is a key niche for CSC generation, and TGF-β signaling has important roles in generating CSCs and tumor cell proliferation in the bone micro-E. Therefore, it is critically important to evaluate responses to chemotherapeutic agents on both cancer stem cells and proliferating tumor cells in different tumor microenvironments in vivo.

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