Role of Thyroid Hormone and Oxidant Stress in Cardiovascular Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mobidullah Khan ◽  
Suchismita Mukherjee ◽  
Sarbashri Bank ◽  
Smarajit Maiti
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
High Glucose ◽  
Oxidant Stress ◽  
High Cholesterol

Background: Cardiovascular-diseases (CVD) are caused by different metabolic-anomalies related to hypertension/sedentary life-style/drug-addiction/dyslipidemia and diabetes. Scanty report suggests that metabolic-rate regulating thyroid hormones are linked to CVD. Methods: A total 59 individuals (male, >45 yrs) were involved in this study. Blood-samples from diagnosed cardiacpatients troponin (N=13, trop-T+), individuals with high-risk (N=15) (high glucose/cholesterol/triglycerides) with agematched controls (N=31) were tested for the evaluation of lipid-profiles/thyroid-hormones; Triiodothyronine, Thyroxine and thyroid stimulating hormone (T3/T4/TSH), blood-glucose/oxidative-stress indicators like malondialdehyde(MDA)/non-protein-soluble-thiol(NPSH) and metabolic inflammatory-marker; human C-reactive protein hsCRP by biochemical-methods/ELISA. Result: Correlation-data suggest that in normal-condition there is no significant correlation between thyroid-hormones and other parameters. In contrary, blood-glucose/triglyceride/uric-acid/proteins are correlated in cardiac and high-risk patients suggesting hypermetabolic conversion of nutrients by biochemical connectors like TCA cycle and gluconeogenesis pathways. Further, the hypermetabolic-state is favored by the rise in the thyroid hormones level. In high-glucose group there is a significant correlation between metabolic-parameter and oxidative-stress indices like uric-acid/NPSH/MDA. T3 and T4 have also been linked to the serum-protein. But in the trop t+ group all thyroid hormones have been significantly associated with blood cholesterol/triglyceride and glucose suggesting the increasing involvement of thyroid-hormone in risk-factors and disease groups. The hsCRP level was ~100% and ~5-fold higher in high cholesterol and trop t+ groups, respectively. T3 was also ~70%, ~4.5-fold and ~3.5-fold higher in high-glucose/high-cholesterol/trop-t+ groups, respectively. This suggests that T3/TSH is linked to the pathogenesis and severity. Conclusion: Dyslipidemia, oxidant-stress in association with T3 augment cardiac-pathogenesis.

Galectin-3 mediates high-glucose-induced cardiomyocyte injury by the NADPH oxidase/reactive oxygen species pathway

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
pp. 826-833
Author(s):  
Jingang Sun ◽  
Lijuan Zhang ◽  
Jianhai Fang ◽  
Shuguo Yang ◽  
Lianghua Chen
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Nadph Oxidase ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
High Glucose ◽  
Cardiac Injury ◽  
High Blood Glucose ◽  
Galectin 3

Galectin-3 is a member of the β-galactoside-binding lectin family taking part in the regulation of inflammation, angiogenesis, and fibrosis. This study was designed to study the improved effect of galectin-3 inhibition on diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Sprague–Dawley rats were randomized into the control, DCM, and DCM + modified citrus pectin (MCP) (a galectin–3 pharmacological inhibitor) groups. After 8 weeks, streptozotocin-induced DCM led to high blood glucose level, oxidative stress, cardiac injury, and dysfunction accompanied by suppressed body mass. On the contrary, MCP (100 mg·kg−1·day−1) administration improved body mass and blood glucose level and attenuated cardiac injury and dysfunction in DCM rats. Additionally, MCP attenuated pathological changes in plasma and myocardial tissue markers of oxidative stress, such as hydrogen peroxide and malonyldialdehyde, although it did not change superoxide dismutase activities, which were decreased in the DCM group. The levels of oxidative stress associated proteins evaluated by Western blot, such as p67phox and NADPH oxidase 4, were obviously increased in the DCM group, while they were reversed by MCP treatment. Therefore, galectin-3-mediated high-glucose-induced cardiomyocyte injury and galectin-3 inhibition attenuated DCM by suppressing NADPH oxidase. These findings suggested that galectin-3 could be a potential target for treatment of patients with DCM.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidants’ Status in Metabolic Syndrome

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 382-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Shrestha ◽  
L Chandra ◽  
M Aryal ◽  
B K L Das ◽  
S Pandey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Staff Members

Background Metabolic syndrome is a constellation of physical conditions and metabolic abnormalities, commonly occurring together, that increases an individual’s risk for development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. Oxidative stress is associated with diabetes, hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases while the role of oxidative stress in pathogenesis of MS is not clearlydefined. Objectives The study aims to find out the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in faculty and staff members at BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal and to evaluate oxidative stress levels insubjects with metabolic syndrome. Methods 118 healthy participants working at B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal were selected at random for this cross-sectional study and blood samples were collected for the estimation of the following biochemical analytes; fasting glucose; triglycerides; total cholesterol; high density lipoprotein cholesterol; Albumin; uric acid; Bilirubin; Malondialdehyde; Catalase; Glutathione peroxidase; Superoxide Dismutase; Glutathione; vitamin C; and lastly vitamin E. Results In this cross-sectional study, 39% subjects were diagnosed with metabolic syndrome , particularly in sedentary subjects. There was no difference in oxidative stress except significant rises in serum uric acid levels and catalase activity in subjects diagnosed with metabolic syndrome . Conclusion The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is higher without oxidative stress in this study, which suggests that oxidative stress does not contribute to the pathogenesis of MS in otherwise healthy subjects.http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v8i4.6236 Kathmandu Univ Med J 2010;8(4):382-6   

scholarly journals Impact of irbesartan, an angiotensin receptor blocker, on uric acid level and oxidative stress in high-risk hypertension patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 765-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryuji Chida ◽  
Itaru Hisauchi ◽  
Shigeru Toyoda ◽  
Migaku Kikuchi ◽  
Takaaki Komatsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Uric Acid Level ◽  
Acid Level ◽  
Angiotensin Receptor Blocker ◽  
Receptor Blocker ◽  
Angiotensin Receptor ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

scholarly journals Thyroid Hormones, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Mancini ◽  
Chantal Di Segni ◽  
Sebastiano Raimondo ◽  
Giulio Olivieri ◽  
Andrea Silvestrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Adaptive Mechanism ◽  
Nonthyroidal Illness ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanisms ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) are closely related processes, as well exemplified in obesity and cardiovascular diseases. OS is also related to hormonal derangement in a reciprocal way. Among the various hormonal influences that operate on the antioxidant balance, thyroid hormones play particularly important roles, since both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism have been shown to be associated with OS in animals and humans. In this context, the nonthyroidal illness syndrome (NTIS) that typically manifests as reduced conversion of thyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3) in different acute and chronic systemic conditions is still a debated topic. The pathophysiological mechanisms of this syndrome are reviewed, together with the roles of deiodinases, the enzymes responsible for the conversion of T4to T3, in both physiological and pathological situations. The presence of OS indexes in NTIS supports the hypothesis that it represents a condition of hypothyroidism at the tissue level and not only an adaptive mechanism to diseases.

scholarly journals Production of Immunoreactive Thyroglobulin C-Terminal Fragments during Thyroid Hormone Synthesis

Endocrinology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 141 (7) ◽  
pp. 2518-2525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Duthoit ◽  
Valérie Estienne ◽  
Frédéric Delom ◽  
Josée-Martine Durand-Gorde ◽  
Bernard Mallet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Fenton Reaction ◽  
Hormone Synthesis ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Synthesis ◽  
Generating System ◽  
Mediated Oxidation

Here, we studied the fragmentation of the prothyroid hormone, thyroglobulin (Tg), which occurs during thyroid hormone synthesis, a process which involves iodide, thyroperoxidase, and the H2O2-generating system, consisting of glucose and glucose oxidase. Various peptides were found to be immunoreactive to autoantibodies to Tg from patients and monoclonal antibodies directed against the immunodominant region of Tg. The smallest peptide (40 kDa) bore thyroid hormones and was identified at the C-terminal end of the Tg molecule, which shows homologies with acetylcholinesterase. Similar peptides were obtained by performing metal-mediated oxidation of Tg via a Fenton reaction. It was concluded that the oxidative stress induced during hormone synthesis generates free radicals, which, in turn, cleave Tg into immunoreactive peptides.

Use of thyroid hormones in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases: literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
Daniil V. Borisov ◽  
Diliara N. Gubaeva ◽  
Evgeniy A. Praskurnichiy
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Heart Surgery ◽  
Open Heart Surgery ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Research Field

Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death all over the world. Thyroid hormones play a significant role in the regulation of cardiac function. According to a number of researches, patients with cardiovascular diseases usually have a decrease in the concentration of thyroid hormones in the blood serum, which may be associated with a poor prognosis. Today it still remains unclear whether the change in the bioavailability of thyroid hormones in the myocardium is a favorable physiological mechanism or a replication of an adaptation disorder. Experimental researches suggest that thyroid hormone therapy may be applied in clinical cardiology. This review describes the results of researches examining the use of thyroid hormones in patients with cardiovascular diseases, as well as experiment data on animal models. The available data on the use of thyroid hormones in patients with acute myocardial infarction and heart failure allow us to suggest that normalization of thyroid hormone levels is a safe and potentially effective treatment method in the group of patients with cardiovascular disease. At the same time, the data on the use of thyroid hormones in patients who have undergone an open-heart surgery or heart transplantation are limited. However, at present, it is difficult to draw unambiguous conclusions about the benefits, as well as about the possible risk of using thyroid hormones in the described conditions. Large-scale clinical researches are required to confirm the safety and evaluate the effectiveness of such therapy. Moreover, it is necessary to set parameters for evaluating the safety and effectiveness and understand which hormone (thyroxine or triiodothyronine), what dosage and at what stage of the disease should be applied. Until we do not have answers for these questions, thyroid hormone therapy in patients with cardiovascular diseases should remain within the research field.

scholarly journals Novel uses of thyroid hormones in cardiovascular conditions

Endocrine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salman Razvi
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Levels

Abstract Thyroid hormone levels are reduced in cardiovascular diseases and this phenomenon is associated with worse outcomes. It is unclear whether the changes in thyroid hormone bioavailability to the affected myocardium are beneficial or if this is a maladaptive response. Experimental studies from animal models of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) suggest that thyroid hormone treatment may be beneficial. There is limited data available on the use of thyroid hormones in patients with AMI and heart failure and this suggests that treatment to normalise thyroid hormone levels may be safe and potentially efficacious. Similarly, evidence of thyroid hormone therapy in patients undergoing cardiac surgery or during cardiac transplantation is limited. It is therefore difficult to draw any firm conclusions about benefits or risks of thyroid hormone treatment in these conditions. Large scale clinical trials of thyroid hormones in patients with cardiac conditions are required to confirm safety and evaluate efficacy. Furthermore, it needs to be elucidated which hormone to administer (thyroxine or triiodothyronine), when in the disease pathway to treat, dose of thyroid hormone to administer, and which parameters to utilise to assess safety and efficacy. Until these important questions are answered thyroid hormone therapy in cardiovascular diseases must remain within the research domain.

scholarly journals Oxidative Effects in Streptozotocin-induced Male and Female Mice: The Effect of Garlic Oil and Melatonin

2021 ◽  
pp. 336-343
Author(s):  
Abeer Al-Rashedi ◽  
Banan Al-Johari ◽  
Rahaf Al-Abbasi ◽  
Raghdh Sindi ◽  
Rawan Bin Hameed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Lipid Peroxide ◽  
Lipid Peroxides ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Garlic Oil ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes ◽  
Oxidative Effects

Background: Recent studies have revealed that a hyperglycemia-induced overproduction of superoxide can be the first event in the activation of all pathways involved in the pathogenesis of complications of diabetes. Supplementation of garlic was found to decrease diabetes-induced oxidative stress complications. Studies shown also that melatonin attenuates diabetes‐induced oxidative stress in diabetic induced rabbits and rats. Objective: In this present study, oxidative stress in diabetic model and the effect of garlic oil or melatonin treatment were examined in both genders' male and females' mice. Methods: 96 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups including control (C), diabetic (D), melatonin 10 mg/kg (D+M), garlic extract 100 mg/kg (D+G) and combined melatonin and garlic (D+M+G). All treatments were given orally daily for 16 weeks after induction of hyperglycemia by streptozocin (STZ). Fasting blood glucose and antioxidant levels were estimated. Results: Streptozotocin induced diabetic mice, showed a significant increase of plasma glucose, lipid peroxide and uric acid. Accordingly, significant decreases in the levels of antioxidants ceruloplasmin were found in the plasma of diabetic mice. Treatment of diabetic mice with garlic oil or melatonin for 16 weeks significantly increased plasma levels of ceruloplasmin activities. Lipid peroxides, uric acid, blood glucose was decreased significantly after treatment with garlic oil or melatonin. Conclusion: The results suggest that garlic oil or melatonin may effectively normalize the impaired antioxidants status in streptozotocin induced diabetes in both males and females mice.

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