Recycling of Solar Panel Waste Glass as a Partial Replacement of Meta-kaolinite in the Production of Geopolymers

This investigation elucidates the mechanical characteristics of geopolymer containing solar panel waste glass. With the SiO2/Na2O molar ratio (S/N = 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, 1.5, 1.75), the percentage of metakaolinite that is replaced by so-lar panel waste glass (0- 40%), and the curing time of 1, 7, and 28 days as the study variables, the porosity, density, setting time, compressive strength, and flexural strength of the geopolymer were evaluated. The morphology of geopolymer was examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and its microstructural properties were examined through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. The results demonstrate that the S/N molar ratio significantly influences the mechanical and morphological characteristics of geopolymers. The geopolymer containing solar panel waste glass with an S/N of 1.75 had the greatest compressive strength. The intensity of the peak that represented Si-O-Al bonding of the geopolymer containing solar panel waste glass increased with the S/N. Analysis of the sample morphology revealed that the microstructures of stronger samples were more homogeneous and appeared denser. Furthermore, solar panel waste glass has the potential to partially replace metakaolinite as a geopolymer material, and to exhibit favorable me-chanical characteristics.

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Effect of Waste Glass on the Properties and Microstructure of Magnesium Potassium Phosphate Cement

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14082073 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (8) ◽

pp. 2073

Author(s):

Qiubai Deng ◽

Zhenyu Lai ◽

Rui Xiao ◽

Jie Wu ◽

Mengliang Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Glass Powder ◽

Setting Time ◽

Potassium Phosphate ◽

Heat Of Hydration ◽

Waste Glass ◽

Hydration Heat ◽

Magnesium Potassium Phosphate Cement ◽

The Matrix ◽

Powder Content

Waste glass is a bulk solid waste, and its utilization is of great consequence for environmental protection; the application of waste glass to magnesium phosphate cement can also play a prominent role in its recycling. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of glass powder (GP) on the mechanical and working properties of magnesium potassium phosphate cement (MKPC). Moreover, a 40mm × 40mm × 40mm mold was used in this experiment, the workability, setting time, strength, hydration heat release, porosity, and microstructure of the specimens were evaluated. The results indicated that the addition of glass powder prolonged the setting time of MKPC, reduced the workability of the matrix, and effectively lowered the hydration heat of the MKPC. Compared to an M/P ratio (MgO/KH2PO4 mass ratio) of 1:1, the workability of the MKPC with M/P ratios of 2:1 and 3:1 was reduced by 1% and 2.1%, respectively, and the peak hydration temperatures were reduced by 0.5% and 14.6%, respectively. The compressive strength of MKPC increased with an increase in the glass powder content at the M/P ratio of 1:1, and the addition of glass powder reduced the porosity of the matrix, effectively increased the yield of struvite-K, and affected the morphology of the hydration products. With an increase in the M/P ratio, the struvite-K content decreased, many tiny pores were more prevalent on the surface of the matrix, and the bonding integrity between the MKPC was weakened, thereby reducing the compressive strength of the matrix. At less than 40 wt.% glass powder content, the performance of MKPC improved at an M/P ratio of 1:1. In general, the addition of glass powders improved the mechanical properties of MKPC and reduced the heat of hydration.

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Effect of Waste Clay Brick Powder on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Cement Paste

The Open Civil Engineering Journal ◽

10.2174/1874149502115010370 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 370-380

Author(s):

David Sinkhonde ◽

Richard Ocharo Onchiri ◽

Walter Odhiambo Oyawa ◽

John Nyiro Mwero

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Cement Paste ◽

Setting Time ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Clay Brick ◽

X Ray ◽

Cement Replacement ◽

Clay Bricks ◽

Brick Powder ◽

Scanning Electron

Background: Investigations on the use of waste clay brick powder in concrete have been extensively conducted, but the analysis of waste clay brick powder effects on cement paste is limited. Materials and Methods: This paper discusses the effects of waste clay brick powder on cement paste. Fragmented clay bricks were grounded in the laboratory using a ball mill and incorporated into cementitious mixes as partial replacement of Ordinary Portland Cement. Workability, consistency, setting time, density and compressive strength properties of paste mixes were investigated to better understand the impact of waste clay brick powder on the cementitious paste. Four cement replacement levels of 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% were evaluated in comparison with the control paste. The chemical and mineral compositions were evaluated using X-Ray Fluorescence and X-Ray Diffractometer, respectively. The morphology of cement and waste clay brick powder was examined using a scanning electron microscope. Results: The investigation of workability exhibited a reduction of slump attributed to the significant addition of waste clay brick powder into the cementitious mixes, and it was concluded that waste clay brick powder did not significantly influence the density of the mixes. In comparison with the control paste, increased values of consistency and setting time of cement paste containing waste clay brick powder confirmed the information available in the literature. Conclusion: Although waste clay brick powder decreased the compressive strength of cement paste, 5% partial cement replacement with waste clay brick powder was established as an optimum percentage for specimens containing waste clay brick powder following curing periods of 7 and 28 days. Findings of chemical composition, mineral composition and scanning electron microscopy of waste clay brick powder demonstrated that when finely ground, fragmented clay bricks can be used in concrete as a pozzolanic material.

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Effect of Rice Husk Ash (RHA) and Slag as Partial Replacement of Cement on Reinforced Concrete Slabs

Journal of Engineering Research and Reports ◽

10.9734/jerr/2021/v20i1117403 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 34-40

Author(s):

Mohamed Nabil ◽

Ashraf Essa ◽

Magdy Mahmoud ◽

Mohamed Rabah

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Rice Husk Ash ◽

Setting Time ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Reinforced Concrete Slabs ◽

Time Flow ◽

Increasing Demand ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Compressive Tests

The increasing demand and consumption of cement have necessitated the use of slag, fly ash, rice husk ash (RHA), and so forth as a supplement of cement in concrete construction. The aim of the study is to develop a replacement of the cement with rice husk ash and slag combined with chemical activator. NaOH, Ca(OH)2, and KOH were used in varying weights and molar concentrations. Partial replacement of cement was tested for its consistency, setting time, flow, compressive strength, and fire. The consistency and setting time of the Partial Z-Cement (Zero cement) paste increase with increasing RHA content. The replacement of cement mortar achieves a compressive strength of 22–25MPa at 28 days with 5% NaOH or at 2.5or non used activator molar concentrations. The tested slabs were made of concrete and reinforced with bars with 10 mm diameter having and compressive strength evaluated from the compressive tests. The analysis of the slab deflection behavior has been presented after fire of samples. The results show the different character of the load-deflection relationship of a replacement of the cement with rice husk ash and slag reinforced slabs compared to traditionally reinforced slabs.

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Performance of concrete with the incorporation of waste from the process of stoning and polishing of glass as partial replacement of cement

Revista IBRACON de Estruturas e Materiais ◽

10.1590/s1983-41952020000300011 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 613-627

Author(s):

G. C. GUIGNONE ◽

G. L. VIEIRA ◽

R. ZULCÃO ◽

M. K. DEGEN ◽

S. H. M. MITTRI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Flat Glass ◽

Soda Lime ◽

Waste Glass ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Chloride Permeability ◽

Alkali Silica Reactivity ◽

And Migration ◽

Strength And Durability ◽

Cementing Material

Abstract The incorporation of waste glass as a partial replacement for cement in concrete can provide an alternative destination for the waste, reduce the consumption of cement (minimizing CO2 emissions and consumption of natural resources), and improve the concrete performance. Thus, this research evaluated the performance of concrete incorporating waste glass sludge (GS), resulting from the process of stoning and polishing of soda-lime flat glass, as a supplementary cementing material. Mechanical strength and durability properties were assessed through compressive strength, alkali-silica reactivity, electrical resistivity and chloride permeability, diffusivity and migration tests. Mixtures containing metakaolin (ME) were also evaluated. The results indicated that the use of the waste ground to an adequate size can replace up to 20% of cement. At this content, it caused a reduction of chloride penetration of over 80%, reduced ASR and conserved compressive strength. The combination of waste with metakaolin replacing 20% of cement also improved all the concrete properties, increasing the compressive strength up to 12% at 28 days.

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An Experimental Investigation on Concrete by Partially Replacing Cement Using Bagasse Ash Powder

International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology ◽

10.48175/ijarsct-2066 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 414-426

Author(s):

Manish Ram E ◽

Sindhu Vaardhini U

Keyword(s):

Experimental Investigation ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Sugarcane Bagasse ◽

Setting Time ◽

Mineral Admixtures ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Waste Products ◽

Agricultural Industry ◽

Sugarcane Bagasse Ash ◽

The Impact

Utilization of the waste products in the agricultural industry has been the focus of Research for economic, environmental, and technical reasons. Sugarcane Bagasse Ash (SCBA) is one of the promising material, with its potential proved to be used as a partial replacement of cement as well as mineral admixtures for producing concrete; properties of such concrete depend on the chemical composition, fineness, specific surface area of SCBA. An experimental investigation will be carried out to examine the impact of replacing cement by bagasse ash to the mechanical and physical properties of pastes and mortars, fresh and harden concrete such as consistency, setting time and workability, compressive strength. Sugarcane Bagasse Ash powder used by replacing fly ash at 40%, 50%, and 60%. Compressive strength and water absorption test will be carried out for evaluating the performance of the material.

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Effects of a Natural Mordenite as Pozzolan Material in the Evolution of Mortar Settings

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14185343 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (18) ◽

pp. 5343

Author(s):

Jorge L. Costafreda ◽

Domingo A. Martín ◽

Leticia Presa ◽

José Luis Parra

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Portland Cement ◽

Mechanical Strength ◽

Setting Time ◽

Volcanic Glass ◽

Positive Influence ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

X Ray ◽

Initial Setting Time ◽

Pozzolanic Cement

This paper shows the results of a study focused on the evolution and properties of mortars made with a mixture of portland cement (PC) and natural mordenite (Mor). To begin, samples of mordenite, cement and sand were studied with X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and granulometric analysis (GA). Next, mortars with a ratio of 75% PC and 25% mordenite were prepared to determine their initial and final setting times, consistency and density. Continuing, the density, weight and compressive strength of the specimens were determined at 2, 7, 28, 90 and 365 days. Finally, the specimens were studied using SEM, XRD and XRF. The results of the study of the mordenite sample showed a complex constitution where the major mineral component is mordenite, and to a lesser degree smectite (montmorillonite), halloysite, illite, mica, quartz, plagioclase and feldspar, in addition to altered volcanic glass. Tests with fresh cement/mordenite mortar (CMM) showed an initial setting time of 320 min and a final setting time of 420 min, much longer than the 212–310 min of portland cement mortar (PCM). It was established that the consistency of the cement/mordenite mortar (CMM) was greater than that of the PCM. The results of the density study showed that the CMM has a lower density than the PCM. On the other hand, the density of cement/mordenite specimens (CMS) was lower than that of portland cement specimens (PCS). The CMS compressive strength studies showed a significant increase from 18.2 MPa, at 2 days, to 72 MPa, at 365 days, with better strength than PCS at 28 and 365 days, respectively. XRD, XRF and SEM studies conducted on CMS showed a good development of primary and secondary tobermorite, the latter formed at the expense of portlandite; also, ettringite developed normally. This work proves that the partial replacement of PC by mordenite does not have a negative effect on the increase in the mechanical strength of CMS. It indicates that the presence of mordenite inhibits the spontaneous hydration of C3A and controls the anomalous formation of ettringite (Ett). All this, together with the mechanical strength reported, indicates that mordenite has a deep and positive influence on the evolution of the mortar setting and is an efficient pozzolan, meaning it can be used in the manufacture of mortars and highly resistant pozzolanic cement, with low hydration heat, low density, stability in extremely aggressive places and a low impact on the environment.

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Effect of Eggshell Waste Powder on Impact Resistance and Bond Charcteristics of Reinforced Concrete

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.870.21 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 870 ◽

pp. 21-28

Author(s):

Dhifaf Natiq Hamdullah ◽

Sheelan Mahmoud Hama ◽

Mohammed Maher Yaseen

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Reinforced Concrete ◽

Bond Strength ◽

Setting Time ◽

Impact Resistance ◽

Unit Weight ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Hardened Properties ◽

Powder Content ◽

Eggshell Waste

This research studied the effect of eggshell powder as a partial replacement of cement on fresh and hardened properties of concrete. The cement was partially replaced with eggshell powder at these percentage 0%, 2.5 %, 5 %, 7.5% and 10%, (by weight of cement). The resulting concrete was compared for impact resistance, energy absorption, load-slip characteristics and ultimate bond strength. setting time (initial and final), slump, density and compressive strength also have been found. The obtaining results indicated the advantage of incorporation of eggshell powder in concrete. The concrete unit weight has not obviously affected by eggshell powder content. The 2.5% eggshell powder give the best results compared to reference mix.

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Effect of Copolymer Latexes on Physicomechanical Properties of Mortar Containing High Volume Fly Ash as a Replacement Material of Cement

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2014/670710 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

El-Sayed Negim ◽

Latipa Kozhamzharova ◽

Yeligbayeva Gulzhakhan ◽

Jamal Khatib ◽

Lyazzat Bekbayeva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Fly Ash ◽

Setting Time ◽

High Volume ◽

Physicomechanical Properties ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Setting Times ◽

High Volume Fly Ash ◽

Scanning Electron

This paper investigates the physicomechanical properties of mortar containing high volume of fly ash (FA) as partial replacement of cement in presence of copolymer latexes. Portland cement (PC) was partially replaced with 0, 10, 20, 30 50, and 60% FA. Copolymer latexes were used based on 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (2-HEA) and 2-hydroxymethylacrylate (2-HEMA). Testing included workability, setting time, absorption, chemically combined water content, compressive strength, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The addition of FA to mortar as replacement of PC affected the physicomechanical properties of mortar. As the content of FA in the concrete increased, the setting times (initial and final) were elongated. The results obtained at 28 days of curing indicate that the maximum properties of mortar occur at around 30% FA. Beyond 30% FA the properties of mortar reduce and at 60% FA the properties of mortar are lower than those of the reference mortar without FA. However, the addition of polymer latexes into mortar containing FA improved most of the physicomechanical properties of mortar at all curing times. Compressive strength, combined water, and workability of mortar containing FA premixed with latexes are higher than those of mortar containing FA without latexes.

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Elucidating the effects of solar panel waste glass substitution on the physical and mechanical characteristics of clay bricks

Environmental Technology ◽

10.1080/09593330.2012.679693 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 15-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Kae-Long Lin ◽

Long-Sheng Huang ◽

Je-Lueng Shie ◽

Ching-Jung Cheng ◽

Ching-Hwa Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Characteristics ◽

Solar Panel ◽

Waste Glass ◽

Clay Bricks ◽

Physical And Mechanical Characteristics

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Strength and Microstructural Investigation of Quaternary Blended High-Strength Concrete

Advances in Civil Engineering ◽

10.1155/2021/8404988 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Ayele Bereda ◽

Belachew Asteray

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Flexural Strength ◽

High Strength Concrete ◽

Setting Time ◽

Ceramic Powder ◽

High Strength ◽

Supplementary Cementitious Materials ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Microstructural Investigation ◽

Strength Concrete

This research focuses on studying the effect of different supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) such as waste ceramic powder (WCP), lime powder (LP), and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) in combination on strength characteristics and microstructure of quaternary blended high-strength concrete. To achieve the aims of the study, necessary physical and chemical composition tests were done for the raw materials. Then, mixes were designed into control mix with 100% Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) and experimental mixes containing 30%, 40%, 50%, and 60% of GGBS, WCP, and LP in combination. Tests were conducted during casting and at curing ages of 7 and 28 days. Accordingly, the control mix which is concrete grade 50 (C-50) as per American Concrete Institute (ACI) mix design is used as a reference for comparison of test results with those specimens produced by partial replacement of SCMs. The characterizations of high-strength concrete are done using consistency, setting time, workability, compressive strength, flexural strength, and morphological tests. The optimum percentage replacement is 50% OPC replacement by 30% GGBS + 10% WCP + 10% LP. Based on the experimental investigations, the workability increases as the replacement level of SCMs increases from 30% to 60% by weight. Compressive strength and flexural strength results increase up to 11.41% and 20% when the percentage replacement increases from 30% to 50% of SCMs replacement at 28 days of curing time, respectively. There are also improvement in the microstructure and significant cost saving due to replacing OPC partially with SCMs with proportions mentioned above. Therefore, the practice of utilizing increased percentage of SCMs in quaternary blend in concrete can be beneficial for the construction industry and sustainability without compromising the quality of the concrete product.

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