Effect of Waste Glass on the Properties and Microstructure of Magnesium Potassium Phosphate Cement

Waste glass is a bulk solid waste, and its utilization is of great consequence for environmental protection; the application of waste glass to magnesium phosphate cement can also play a prominent role in its recycling. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of glass powder (GP) on the mechanical and working properties of magnesium potassium phosphate cement (MKPC). Moreover, a 40mm × 40mm × 40mm mold was used in this experiment, the workability, setting time, strength, hydration heat release, porosity, and microstructure of the specimens were evaluated. The results indicated that the addition of glass powder prolonged the setting time of MKPC, reduced the workability of the matrix, and effectively lowered the hydration heat of the MKPC. Compared to an M/P ratio (MgO/KH2PO4 mass ratio) of 1:1, the workability of the MKPC with M/P ratios of 2:1 and 3:1 was reduced by 1% and 2.1%, respectively, and the peak hydration temperatures were reduced by 0.5% and 14.6%, respectively. The compressive strength of MKPC increased with an increase in the glass powder content at the M/P ratio of 1:1, and the addition of glass powder reduced the porosity of the matrix, effectively increased the yield of struvite-K, and affected the morphology of the hydration products. With an increase in the M/P ratio, the struvite-K content decreased, many tiny pores were more prevalent on the surface of the matrix, and the bonding integrity between the MKPC was weakened, thereby reducing the compressive strength of the matrix. At less than 40 wt.% glass powder content, the performance of MKPC improved at an M/P ratio of 1:1. In general, the addition of glass powders improved the mechanical properties of MKPC and reduced the heat of hydration.

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Enhancing the mechanical properties and cytocompatibility of magnesium potassium phosphate cement by incorporating oxygen-carboxymethyl chitosan

Regenerative Biomaterials ◽

10.1093/rb/rbaa048 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Changtian Gong ◽

Shuo Fang ◽

Kezhou Xia ◽

Jingteng Chen ◽

Liangyu Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Physicochemical Properties ◽

Bone Cement ◽

Ph Value ◽

Setting Time ◽

Potassium Phosphate ◽

Carboxymethyl Chitosan ◽

Bioactive Substances ◽

Magnesium Potassium Phosphate Cement

Abstract Incorporating bioactive substances into synthetic bioceramic scaffolds is challenging. In this work, oxygen-carboxymethyl chitosan (O-CMC), a natural biopolymer that is nontoxic, biodegradable and biocompatible, was introduced into magnesium potassium phosphate cement (K-struvite) to enhance its mechanical properties and cytocompatibility. This study aimed to develop O-CMC/magnesium potassium phosphate composite bone cement (OMPC), thereby combining the optimum bioactivity of O-CMC with the extraordinary self-setting properties and mechanical intensity of the K-struvite. Our results indicated that O-CMC incorporation increased the compressive strength and setting time of K-struvite and decreased its porosity and pH value. Furthermore, OMPC scaffolds remarkably improved the proliferation, adhesion and osteogenesis related differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Therefore, O-CMC introduced suitable physicochemical properties to K-struvite and enhanced its cytocompatibility for use in bone regeneration.

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Influence of Waste Glass Powder Addition on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Autoclaved Building Materials

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma15020434 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 434

Author(s):

Wojciech Szudek ◽

Łukasz Gołek ◽

Grzegorz Malata ◽

Zdzisław Pytel

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Building Materials ◽

Glass Powder ◽

Sodium Content ◽

Waste Glass ◽

Hydrothermal Conditions ◽

High Sodium ◽

Waste Glass Powder ◽

Powder Content

Lime quartz samples in which ground quartz sand was gradually substituted with waste glass powder (GP) were obtained under hydrothermal conditions to determine the influence of GP addition on the microstructure (observed by SEM), phase composition (analyzed by XRD), and compressive strength of autoclaved building materials. An additional series containing analytical grade NaOH and no GP was formed to evaluate the effect of sodium ions on tobermorite formation and its impact on the mechanical properties of the samples. GP addition hindered the formation of tobermorite during autoclaving. Instead, a higher amount of an amorphous and semi-crystalline C–S–H phase formed, leading to the densification of the composite matrix. Nevertheless, tobermorite-like structures were found during both XRD and SEM analyses, proving that the presence of small amounts of Al3+ ions allowed, to an extent, for the stabilization of the phase despite the high sodium content. The compressive strength values indicate that the presence of alkali in the system and the resulting formation of additional portions of C–S–H have a beneficial influence on the mechanical properties of autoclaved composites. However, the effect fades with increasing glass powder content which, together with a slight expansion of the samples, suggests that at high sand substitution levels, an alkali–silica reaction takes place.

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Studies on Exciting the Activity of Waste Glass Powder by Hydrothermal Activation

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.871.171 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 871 ◽

pp. 171-178

Author(s):

Qing Qiu Kong ◽

Guo Jun Ke ◽

Dan Wang

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Hydrothermal Treatment ◽

Glass Powder ◽

Cement Mortar ◽

Waste Glass ◽

Early Age ◽

Cement Replacement ◽

Waste Glass Powder ◽

Temperature And Pressure ◽

Optimal Strength

The effect of hydrothermal activation indifferent temperature and pressure conditions on the pozzolanic activity of waste glass powder was discussed. The waste glass powder was treated at 108°C, 0.15MPa, 116°C, 0.18MPa and 121°C, 0.2MPa for 2h in an autoclave respectively after milling to 4215cm2/g. Mortar was made with untreated and hydrothermal activated waste glass power replacement of cement at 20% respectively, then tested for compressive strength at 3, 7, 14 , 28 and 90 days. Results showed that compressive strength of cement mortar had varying degrees of decline when replacing cement with untreated waste glass powder, comparing to the control one. Decline amplitude was large at early age and small at late age. Activity of waste glass powder was significantly improved after hydrothermal treatment. Compressive strength of mortar improved as temperature and pressure elevated, obtaining optimal strength at 121°C, 0.2MPa. Compressive strength of mortar with hydrothermal activated glass powder was higher than that with untreated glass powder at all age with 20% cement replacement. Compressive strength increased 5.3% ~ 13.6% at 3 d, 6.8%~9.7% at 28 d, 9.7% ~ 17.7% at 90 d. The essence of hydrothermal activation was the corrosion of water in the glass.

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Fresh, Mechanical Properties and Impact Resistance Behavior of Eco-Friend Self-Compacted Concrete

Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences ◽

10.29194/njes.22030208 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 208-212

Author(s):

Sheelan M. Hama ◽

Alhareth M. Abdulghafor ◽

Mohammed Tarrad Nawar

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Flexural Strength ◽

Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽

Glass Powder ◽

Impact Resistance ◽

Waste Glass ◽

Slump Flow ◽

Waste Glass Powder ◽

Self Compact Concrete

In this work, waste glass powder from broken windows and plastic fibers from waste polyethylene terephthalate bottles are utilized to produce an economical self-compact concrete. Fresh properties (slump flow diameter, slump Flow T50, V. Funnel, L–Box), mechanical properties (Compressive strength and Flexural strength) and impact resistance of self-compact concrete are investigated. 15% waste glass powder as a partial replacement of cement with five percentages of polyethylene terephthalate plastic waste were adopted: 0% (reference), 0.5%, 0.75%, 1%, 1.25% and 1.5% by volume. It seems that the flow ability of self-compact concrete decreases with the increasing of the amount of plastic fibers. The compressive strength was increased slightly with plastic fiber content up to (0.75%), about 4.6% For more than (0.75%) plastic fiber. The compressive strength began to decrease about 15.2%. The results showed an improvement in flexural strength and an impact on the resistance in all tested specimens’ content of the plastic fibers, especially at (1.5%) fibers.

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Properties of Concrete with Waste Glass Powder (Gp) as Fine Aggregate Replacement

International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering - 2 ◽

10.35940/ijrte.b1258.0982s1119 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2S11) ◽

pp. 2308-2314

Keyword(s):

Glass Powder ◽

Fresh Concrete ◽

Waste Glass ◽

Test Results ◽

Penetration Test ◽

River Sand ◽

Waste Glass Powder ◽

Powder Content ◽

Strength And Durability ◽

Optimum Glass

In the present research, the feasibility of using waste glass as replacement for natural river sand was investigated. Glass wastes dumped in landfill pose environmental pollution and research on its reuse in construction industries need to be carried out . An experimental work was performed to study the slump , unit weight, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, modulus of elasticity, ultrasonic pulse velocity, dry density and chloride ion penetration test at different curing ages at 7, 14 and 28 days of concrete. Investigation on concrete properties with various % of glass powder (0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% ) were done on fresh and hardened concrete. The complete stress-strain behaviour, mechanical strength and durability properties of concrete with partial replacement of natural river sand by glass powder were investigated through standard tests.The optimum glass powder content is found out by testing the specimens prepared using different grades of concrete (M20, M30, M40,M50 and M60). All the fresh concrete mixes were tested also for the workability properties by conducting slump cone tests. According to the test results, it is observed that the slump value of fresh concrete increase gradually with % of glass powder upto 40% replacements. The gradual increase in compressive strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength with the addition of waste glass powder upto 30% was observed. The addition of 40% and 50% replacements, the strength values of concrete are comparable with that of the control mix. The density and modulus of elasticity of concrete also gradually increases from 0% to 50% addition of glass powder in the concrete. The Rapid Chloride Penetration Test (RCPT) test results show that the chloride penetration rate is considerably reduced with addition of glass powder and permeability properties of concrete is enhanced upto 50% replacement levels. In order to prepare the concrete with compressive strengthThe optimum glass powder content is found to be 50% can be used as the replacement material for fine aggregates without much compromise on the strength and durability properties and to achieve economic and environmental benefits

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Effect of Eggshell Waste Powder on Impact Resistance and Bond Charcteristics of Reinforced Concrete

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.870.21 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 870 ◽

pp. 21-28

Author(s):

Dhifaf Natiq Hamdullah ◽

Sheelan Mahmoud Hama ◽

Mohammed Maher Yaseen

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Reinforced Concrete ◽

Bond Strength ◽

Setting Time ◽

Impact Resistance ◽

Unit Weight ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Hardened Properties ◽

Powder Content ◽

Eggshell Waste

This research studied the effect of eggshell powder as a partial replacement of cement on fresh and hardened properties of concrete. The cement was partially replaced with eggshell powder at these percentage 0%, 2.5 %, 5 %, 7.5% and 10%, (by weight of cement). The resulting concrete was compared for impact resistance, energy absorption, load-slip characteristics and ultimate bond strength. setting time (initial and final), slump, density and compressive strength also have been found. The obtaining results indicated the advantage of incorporation of eggshell powder in concrete. The concrete unit weight has not obviously affected by eggshell powder content. The 2.5% eggshell powder give the best results compared to reference mix.

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A Feasibility Study on HPMC-Improved Sulphoaluminate Cement for 3D Printing

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma11122415 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 2415 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Zhu Ding ◽

Xiaodong Wang ◽

Jay Sanjayan ◽

Patrick Zou ◽

Zhi-Kun Ding

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

3D Printing ◽

Feasibility Study ◽

Setting Time ◽

Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose ◽

Hydration Heat ◽

Heat Setting ◽

Sulphoaluminate Cement ◽

Final Setting Time ◽

Experimental Parameters

A novel 3D printing material based on hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)—improved sulphoaluminate cement (SAC) for rapid 3D construction printing application is reported. The hydration heat, setting time, fluidity of paste and mortar, shape retainability, and compressive strength of extruded SAC mortar were investigated. HPMC dosage, water-to-cement (W/C) ratio, and sand-to-cement (S/C) ratio were studied as the experimental parameters. Hydration heat results reveal HPMC could delay the hydration of SAC. The initial and final setting time measured using Vicat needle would be shortened in the case of W/C ratio of 0.3 and 0.35 with HPMC dosage from 0.5% to 1.5%, W/C ratio of 0.40 with HPMC dosage of 0.5%, 0.75%, and 1.5%, and W/C ratio of 0.45 with HPMC dosage of 0.45, or be extended in the case of W/C ratio of 0.4 with HPMC dosage of 1.0% and W/C ratio of 0.45 with HPMC dosage from 0.75% to 1.5%. Fluidity measurement shows HPMC significantly improves the shape retainability. Furthermore, the addition of HPMC remarkably increased the compressive strength of extruded mortar. The results showed that HPMC could be used to prepare 3D printing SAC having satisfactory shape retainability, setting time and compressive strength.

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Application of Concretes Made with Glass Powder Binder at High Replacement Rates

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14143796 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (14) ◽

pp. 3796

Author(s):

M. Isabel Más-López ◽

Eva M. García del Toro ◽

Sara García-Salgado ◽

Daniel Alcala-Gonzalez ◽

Santiago Pindado

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Chemical Analysis ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Compression Strength ◽

Glass Powder ◽

Waste Glass ◽

Air Content ◽

Cement And Concrete ◽

Pozzolanic Properties

Glass is a material that can be reused, except for a small part that, due to its residual characteristics, cannot be reused and becomes a nonbiodegradable waste to accumulate in landfills. The chemical composition and pozzolanic properties of waste glass are encouraging for the use of these wastes in the cement and concrete industries and for providing technically and environmentally viable solutions. In this study, we propose the production of deactivated concretes with a high content of glass powder in the binder. The substitution percentage of glass powder for cement used in this work was between 70% and 80%. Consistency, air content, bulk density, workability, compression strength, and permeability tests were performed. Regarding compressive strength, the results obtained at 90 days for percentages of cement substitution by glass powder of 70 and 80%, respectively, were 14.2 and 8.6. The chemical analysis of leachates showed concentrations of Fe, Cu, V, Ni, and Mo, in mg L−1, of 1.57, 1.38, 0.85, 0.95, and 0.44, respectively. The results obtained, compared with the relevant legislation, have proved that the inclusion of glass powder in a high percentage of substitution and with a granulometry of 20 µm in the manufacture of deactivated concretes is feasible for exterior pavements.

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Strength Characteristics of Mortar Containing Different Sizes Glass Powder

Journal of Civil Engineering Science and Technology ◽

10.33736/jcest.127.2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 11-16

Author(s):

N. Tamanna ◽

N. Mohamed Sutan ◽

I. Yakub ◽

D. T. C. Lee

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Glass Powder ◽

Environmental Problem ◽

Waste Glass ◽

Strength Characteristics ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Particle Sizes ◽

Replacement Level ◽

Water To Cement Ratio

A greater portion of nonrecyclable waste glass is accumulated on landfills creating a serious environmental problem. Recent studies have been carried out to utilize the waste glass in construction as partial replacement of cement. This paper investigates the fineness properties of four sizes glass particles and strength characteristics of mortar in which cement is partially replaced with glass powder in the replacement level with 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%. Mortar cubes containing with varying particle sizes in the ranges of 212 μm, 75 μm, 63-38 μm and lower than 38 μm and in a water to cement ratio 0f 0.50 and 0.45 have been prepared. Room temperature and relative humidity have been maintained 32º and 90% respectively during the curing process. Replacement of 10% cement with glass powder reveals the higher compressive strength at 28days than other levels of replacement. The reduction in compressive strength increases with the level of cement replacement.

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CHARACTERISTIC OF GLASS IONOMER CEMENT MATERIAL FOR CLINICAL DENTISTRY

Scientific Journal of Tra Vinh University ◽

10.35382/18594816.1.39.2020.571 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (39) ◽

pp. 83-90

Author(s):

Hoa Thi Hong Huynh ◽

Minh Ngoc Huynh ◽

Minh Quang Do

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Tartaric Acid ◽

Maleic Acid ◽

Glass Powder ◽

Setting Time ◽

Glass Ionomer Cement ◽

Filling Material ◽

Glass Ionomer ◽

Ion Release ◽

Ionomer Cement

Glass ionomer cement (GIC), a thermoplastic polymer, is toughed by ionic bonding is used in dentistry as a filling material. The glass-powder used has some disadvantages such as: poor strength and toughness, and instability in water. Therefore, the aim of this work is to enhance mechanical and fluoride release properties of the GICs by modifying ingredients. The results show that the compressive strength reached to from 60.5 to 86.2 MPa, the setting time met the ISO 9917-1:2007 quality standard. This also suggests that, in addition to 35% PAA in water with Mw of 100,000, 5% of Maleic acid and 5% Tartaric acid to produce GIC which can be used as suitable materials for improving its fluoride ion release over 28 days. The average diameter (dmean) of glass powder for GICs was 14.3 mm; S.P. Surface area was 10,358 cm2=cm3, improvement of liquid composition includes 35% PAA in water with Mw of 100,000, 5% of Maleic acid and 5% Tartaric acid. The compressive strength after curing 28-day reaches from 60.5 to 86.2 MPa and the setting time responds with ISO 9917-1:2007. In conclusion, it was found that the GIC can release fluoride ions (F-) for the during of the examination period.

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