scholarly journals Optimal Topologies for Steel Frames with Ordinary Chevron and X-Braces: The Effect on Total Structural Cost

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 677-684
Author(s):  
Mehdi Babaei ◽  
Jalal Dadash Amiri ◽  
Foad Omidi ◽  
Arman Memarian
Keyword(s):  
Steel Structures ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Span Length ◽  
System Construction ◽  
Structural System ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Effective Factor ◽  
Building Models ◽  
System Selection ◽  
The Impact

Today, steel structures with simple frames and concentric steel bracings (both crossed and chevron type) are extensively used in different countries, as well as in Iran. Apart from the seismic performance of each structural system, construction cost plays a significant role in system selection by designers. In an attempt to optimize structural costs, this study aims at examining the number of floors, span length, soil conditions, and brace type. In this study the impact of these factors on structural costs are evaluated. Since parking areas are the most important architectural requirement, therefore specified span widths accommodating two, three, and four vehicles are selected for the models. To this end, regular building models with different span (5.6, 7.5, and 11.2m) are selected according to such architectural considerations. Following structural analysis and design, total structural costs are estimated according to the latest national cost list issued by the Management and Planning Organization of Iran (published in 2014). The results are obtained and reported for different models through graphs and tables. The outcomes are evaluated and compared. Finally, the optimal topologies in terms of structure weight and total cost are determined, along with introducing the most effective factor among span length, story number, brace type, and soil type.

Effects of Snow Load on Light-Weight Steel Structures

2014 ◽  
Vol 501-504 ◽  
pp. 777-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Hui Li ◽  
Fan Meng
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Steel Structure ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Structural System ◽  
Snow Load ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Research Situation ◽  
Modern Building

With the rapid development of economic and construction industry, light-weight steel structural system is widely used in the modern building construction. While, the light-weight steel structures are more sensitive under the effect of snow load than the other structure systems according to the data from the large amount of accidents of steel structure failures, which indicated the necessary and urged us to focus on the impact of snow on the light-weight steel structures. This paper introduces the current research situation and analyzes the method of snow load determination on gable frames in the load code of different countries, and provides some suggestions on the snow load design of light-weight steel structures finally.

scholarly journals SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF DIAGRID STEEL STRUCTURES FOR MULTISTOREY BUILDINGS.

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Analysis ◽  
Tall Buildings ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Construction Technology ◽  
Structural Members ◽  
Lateral Loads ◽  
Structural System ◽  
Exterior Surface ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
High Rise

Advances in construction technology, materials, structural systems and analytical methods for analysis and design facilitated the growth of high rise buildings. Structural design of high rise buildings is governed by lateral loads due to wind or earthquake. Lateral load resistance of structure is provided by interior structural system or exterior structural system. It is very important that the selected structural system is such that the structural elements are utilized effectively while satisfying design requirements. Recently diagrid structural system is adopted in tall buildings due to its structural efficiency and flexibility in architectural planning. diagrid structure consists of inclined columns on the exterior surface of building. Due to inclined columns lateral loads are resisted by axial action of the diagonal. lateral shear can be carried by the diagonals on the periphery of building. Analysis and design of 30 story diagrid steel building is presented. A regular floor plan of 36 m × 36m size is considered. ETABS software is used for modeling and analysis of structural members. All structural members are designed as per IS 800:2007 considering all load combinations. Earthquake is considered for analysis of the structure. Load distribution in diagrid system is also studied for 36 storey building. Similarly, analysis for the different diagrid pattern is carried out. Comparison of analysis results in terms of time period, top storey displacement and storey drift is presented in this paper.

The methodological approach for the determination of the pressure of artificial raindrops as a question of the theory of splash soil erosion

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Mihail Zver'kov
Keyword(s):  
Block Diagram ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Effective Pressure ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Splash Erosion ◽  
Rain Drops ◽  
Artificial Rain ◽  
The Impact

To the article the results of the theoretical and experimental researches are given on questions of estimates of the dynamic rate effect of raindrop impact on soil. The aim of this work was to analyze the current methods to determine the rate of artificial rain pressure on the soil for the assessment of splash erosion. There are the developed author’s method for calculation the pressure of artificial rain on the soil and the assessment of splash erosion. The study aims to the justification of evaluation methods and the obtaining of quantitative characteristics, prevention and elimination of accelerated (anthropogenic) erosion, the creation and the realization of the required erosion control measures. The paper considers the question of determining the pressure of artificial rain on the soil. At the moment of raindrops impact, there is the tension in the soil, which is called vertical effective pressure. It is noted that the impact of rain drops in the soil there are stresses called vertical effective pressure. The equation for calculation of vertical effective pressure is proposed in this study using the known spectrum of raindrops. Effective pressure was 1.4 Pa for the artificial rain by sprinkler machine «Fregat» and 5.9 Pa for long distance sprinkler DD-30. The article deals with a block diagram of the sequence for determining the effective pressure of rain drops on the soil. This diagram was created by the author’s method of calculation of the effective pressure of rain drops on the soil. The need for an integrated approach to the description of the artificial rain impact on the soil is noted. Various parameters characterizing drop erosion are considered. There are data about the mass of splashed soil in the irrigation of various irrigation machinery and installations. For example, the rate (mass) of splashed soil was 0.28…0.78 t/ha under irrigation sprinkler apparatus RACO 4260–55/701C in the conditions of the Ryazan region. The method allows examining the environmental impact of sprinkler techniques for analyzes of the pressure, caused by raindrops, on the soil. It can also be useful in determining the irrigation rate before the runoff for different types of sprinkler equipment and soil conditions.

scholarly journals Performance Analysis and Design Considerations of the Shallow Underwater Optical Wireless Communication System with Solar Noises Utilizing a Photon Tracing-Based Simulation Platform

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 632
Author(s):  
Xiaozheng Wang ◽  
Minglun Zhang ◽  
Hongyu Zhou ◽  
Xiaomin Ren
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Ambient Noise ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Delay Spread ◽  
Simulation Platform ◽  
Optical Wireless Communication ◽  
Optical Wireless ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
The Impact

The performance of the underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) system is highly affected by seawater´s inherent optical properties and the solar radiation from sunlight, especially for a shallow environment. The multipath effect and degradations in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) due to absorption, scattering, and ambient noises can significantly limit the viable communication range, which poses key challenges to its large-scale commercial applications. To this end, this paper proposes a unified model for underwater channel characterization and system performance analysis in the presence of solar noises utilizing a photon tracing algorithm. Besides, we developed a generic simulation platform with configurable parameters and self-defined scenarios via MATLAB. Based on this platform, a comprehensive investigation of underwater channel impairments was conducted including temporal and spatial dispersion, illumination distribution pattern, and statistical attenuation with various oceanic types. The impact of ambient noise at different operation depths on the bit error rate (BER) performance of the shallow UOWC system was evaluated under typical specifications. Simulation results revealed that the multipath dispersion is tied closely to the multiple scattering phenomenon. The delay spread and ambient noise effect can be mitigated by considering a narrow field of view (FOV) and it also enables the system to exhibit optimal performance on combining with a wide aperture.

scholarly journals On the Effectiveness of Sampling for Evolutionary Optimization in Noisy Environments

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Qian ◽  
Yang Yu ◽  
Ke Tang ◽  
Yaochu Jin ◽  
Xin Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Fitness Function ◽  
Evolutionary Optimization ◽  
Function Evaluation ◽  
Noisy Optimization ◽  
Running Time ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
True Value ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

In real-world optimization tasks, the objective (i.e., fitness) function evaluation is often disturbed by noise due to a wide range of uncertainties. Evolutionary algorithms are often employed in noisy optimization, where reducing the negative effect of noise is a crucial issue. Sampling is a popular strategy for dealing with noise: to estimate the fitness of a solution, it evaluates the fitness multiple ([Formula: see text]) times independently and then uses the sample average to approximate the true fitness. Obviously, sampling can make the fitness estimation closer to the true value, but also increases the estimation cost. Previous studies mainly focused on empirical analysis and design of efficient sampling strategies, while the impact of sampling is unclear from a theoretical viewpoint. In this article, we show that sampling can speed up noisy evolutionary optimization exponentially via rigorous running time analysis. For the (1[Formula: see text]1)-EA solving the OneMax and the LeadingOnes problems under prior (e.g., one-bit) or posterior (e.g., additive Gaussian) noise, we prove that, under a high noise level, the running time can be reduced from exponential to polynomial by sampling. The analysis also shows that a gap of one on the value of [Formula: see text] for sampling can lead to an exponential difference on the expected running time, cautioning for a careful selection of [Formula: see text]. We further prove by using two illustrative examples that sampling can be more effective for noise handling than parent populations and threshold selection, two strategies that have shown to be robust to noise. Finally, we also show that sampling can be ineffective when noise does not bring a negative impact.

Perancangan Kampanye Sosial Dampak Game Online Bagi Remaja Di Kota Palembang

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sapar Junoko
Keyword(s):  
Computer Games ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Online Games ◽  
Media Planning ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Planning Methods ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Identification Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Technological progress is something that can not be avoided in today's life. One of the results of technological development is the internet, one of its benefits is as a means of entertainment, for example to play online games. Online games themselves are not only played from computer games but can also be played on smartphones, online games are much loved by teenagers because online games themselves are a means of entertainment for them but most teenagers are addicted to playing online games. Online games themselves have positive and negative impacts, but if playing excessive online games can have positive impacts which are definitely addicted to playing continuously. The main study of this research focuses on the identification, analysis and design of Video Motion Graphic works and other supporting media. This design uses premedia media planning methods, playing media and media follow-up. Data collected through, observation, interviews, literature and website. The data is then identified, classified, selected, then analyzed using the 5W + 1H method and interpreted according to the text and context. The design of the social media campaign of the impact of online games for teens in the city of Palembang as a visual communication media which is part of the design discussion. This design aims to encourage adolescents to reduce and reduce the number of addictions due to online games especially teenagers in the city of Palembang in order to be able to balance between playing online games and learning to get achievements in education. </span></p></div></div></div>

Aerodynamic Optimization Design of Airfoil Shape Using Entropy Generation as an Objective

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Jun Wang ◽  
Xiao-Pei Yang ◽  
Yan-Yan Ding
Keyword(s):  
Entropy Generation ◽  
Energy Cost ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
Generation Rate ◽  
Entropy Generation Rate ◽  
Aerodynamic Optimization ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Constraint Model ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Drag Ratio

Abstract An entropy analysis and design optimization methodology is combined with airfoil shape optimization to demonstrate the impact of entropy generation on aerodynamics designs. In the work herein, the entropy generation rate is presented as an extra design objective along with lift-drag ratio, while the lift coefficient is the constraint. Model equation, which calculates the local entropy generation rate in turbulent flows, is derived by extending the Reynolds-averaging of entropy balance equation. The class-shape function transform (CST) parametric method is used to model the airfoil configuration and combine the radial basis functions (RBFs) based mesh deformation technique with flow solver to compute the quantities such as lift-drag ratio and entropy generation at the design condition. From the multi-objective solutions which represent the best trade-offs between the design objectives, one can select a set of airfoil shapes with a low relative energy cost and with improved aerodynamic performance. It can be concluded that the methodology of entropy generation analysis is an effective tool in the aerodynamic optimization design of airfoil shape with the capability of determining the amount of energy cost.

Evaluating the impact of human resource planning programs in addressing the strategic goal of the firm

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 659-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debarun Chakraborty ◽  
Wendrila Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Resource Planning ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Succession Plan ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Strategic Goal

Purpose Today, the employees stand firm as an integral part of the organization and are a precious asset. They are willing to learn, accept challenges and strive hard to deliver their level best. The role of the employees has become pronounced and significant, and it is no more conventional. They are now taking up responsibilities in strategic planning and development of the organization. Thus, HR department plays a profuse role in planning for the human resource of the firm to optimize the utilization of their potentials that would help support and meet the business as well as strategic goal of the firm. These HR planning programs ensure managing people within a planned framework and make them develop their performance that becomes a source of sustained competitive advantage for the firm. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach A descriptive research has been conducted with cross-sectional survey through a formalized questionnaire. Multistage sampling has been used in the study. Primary data have been collected from different manufacturing industries of India. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis have been conducted on the hypothesized research model. Structural equation modeling has been done to specify the relation between the measured and latent variables. Findings The HR planning programs, namely, staffing plan and succession plan, yield a better result in addressing the strategic goal of the company. Succession plan, staffing plan and talent management strategies augment the efficacious performance of the firm. Effectual performance aids in gaining a competitive advantage for the firm in a substantial way. Job analysis and design have no impact in achieving the strategic intent of the organization. Originality/value The study gives a comprehensive scenario of the HR planning programs that can help the organization to meet and uphold their strategic goals. The study provides a model that can solidify and bind the organization toward securing organizational intent and leading a steadfast business process in this dynamic competitive marketplace.

The Impact of Privacy on the Forms of Elevations in Traditional Vernacular Houses in Erbil City

2013 ◽  
Vol 409-410 ◽  
pp. 381-387
Author(s):  
Binyad Maruf Abdulkadir Khaznadar
Keyword(s):  
Formal Language ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Effective Factor ◽  
Private Spaces ◽  
Space Organization ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
The Impact

Privacy is one of the socio-cultural factors that affect on the formation of vernacular houses forms as a space organization and forms of elevations. Dealing with privacy varies from one culture to another, and this explains the diversity of houses forms in detached geographic regions. Privacy affects on the vernacular forms through a set of sub-factors. The most effective sub-factor on the elevations of traditional houses forms in Erbil city is the privacy of view between public and private spaces. In the selected samples this relationship is a direct one. The sub-factor of view privacy affects on the elevation form through form of the element and the position of the element regarding the whole elevation. Privacy is an effective factor that affects on the formal language of elevations in the traditional vernacular houses within the culture of Erbil city.

Optimal Planning of Distribution System Considering Distributed Generators

2013 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 2022-2027
Author(s):  
Hui Shi Liang ◽  
Hai Tao Liu ◽  
Jian Su
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Optimal Planning ◽  
System Construction ◽  
Peak Shaving ◽  
Diagram Method ◽  
Distributed Generators ◽  
Load Demand ◽  
Substation Planning ◽  
The Impact

This paper presents a methodology for substation optimal planning considering DG for peak shaving. Utility can take effective demand-side management (DSM) to encourage customer-owned DG to participate in peak load shaving, and it can also construct utility DG to meet the peak load demand. In this paper, the impact of DG on peak load shaving is analyzed, and DG is taken as a complement to T&D system to meet load demand, which is considered in the substation planning. Substations sizing and location and new-built utility DG capacity is optimized using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), in which supply area of each substation is obtained by Voronoi diagram method. Case study shows that planning result considering DG for peak shaving can defer T&D system expansion so that considerable investment can be saved. Especially for those areas with high cost of T&D system construction, constructing DG to meet peak load demand would be a more economic way.

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