scholarly journals Computerized Tomographic Morphometric Analysis of the Cervical Spine

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 250-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
DS Evangelopoulos ◽  
P Kontovazenitis ◽  
S Kouris ◽  
X Zlatidou ◽  
LM Benneker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Preoperative Planning ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Cervical Canal ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Transverse Foramen ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Canal Diameter ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Detailed knowledge of cervical canal and transverse foramens’ morphometry is critical for understanding the pathology of certain diseases and for proper preoperative planning. Lateral x-rays do not provide the necessary accuracy. A retrospective morphometric study of the cervical canal was performed at the authors’ institution to measure mean dimensions of sagittal canal diameter (SCD), right and left transverse foramens’ sagittal (SFD) and transverse (TFD) diameters and minimum distance between spinal canal and transverse foramens (dSC-TF) for each level of the cervical spine from C1-C7, using computerized tomographic scans, in 100 patients from the archives of the Emergency Room. Results: Significant differences for SCD were detected between C1 and the other levels of the cervical spine for both male and female patients. For the transverse foramen, significant differences in sagittal diameters were detected at C3, C4, C5 levels. For transverse diameters, significant differences at C3 and C4 levels. A significant difference of the distance between the transverse spinal foramen and the cervical canal was measured between left and right side at the level of C3. This difference was equally observed to male and female subjects. Conclusion: CT scan can replace older conventional radiography techniques by providing more accurate measurements on anatomical elements of the cervical spine that could facilitate diagnosis and preoperative planning, thus avoiding possible trauma to the vertebral arteries during tissue dissection and instrument application.

Quantification of the coupled motion that occurs with axial rotation and lateral bending of the head-neck complex: An experimental examination

2007 ◽  
Vol 221 (8) ◽  
pp. 913-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Senouci ◽  
D FitzPatrick ◽  
J F Quinlan ◽  
H Mullett ◽  
L Coffey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Axial Rotation ◽  
Spine Injury ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Lateral Bending ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Coupled Motion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Head Neck

The vertebrae of the cervical spine exhibit out-of-plane or coupled motion during axial rotation and lateral bending. Quantifying the range of motion (ROM) of this occurrence can aid the understanding of cervical spine injury mechanisms and disorders, as well as the development of new treatment methods. Previous studies have formulated ratios to describe coupled motion obtained from in-vitro examinations. The aim of the present study was to use in-vivo test data to develop mathematical relationships to quantify the coupled motion that occurs with axial rotation and lateral bending of the head-neck complex. Using a three-dimensional motion analyser it was possible to trace the coupling effect throughout the full range of unrestricted head-neck motion. Values for primary and coupled ROMs were obtained, showing no significant difference between male and female primary ROMs but a small disparity between male and female coupled ROMs. Regression equations were found to quantify coupled motion throughout the range of axial rotation and lateral bending. The present experimental study also examines the range of horizontally fixed axial rotation of the head to determine the minimum amount of coupled lateral bending that takes place, which has not been measured previously.

scholarly journals Morphometric study of cervical spine vertebrae in eastern region Nepalese population

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Singh ◽  
M Balakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Vertebral Body ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Lateral Projection ◽  
Body Diameter ◽  
Canal Diameter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tube Distance

Objective: To ascertain the normal values of mid-sagittal vertebral body Diameter, mid-sagittal canal diameter and canal-body ratio in adult Nepalese population. Methods: In this consent based descriptive, clinico -radiological study of 100 individuals who volunteered to being subjected to lateral projection radiographs of cervical spine. The sagittal canal diameter (CD), sagittal vertebral body diameter (VBD) and the canal-body ratio (CBR) was recorded on lateral projection radiographs (film to tube distance at 183 cms) and analyzed statistically. Results: The mean vertebral body diameter was 17.81±1.73mm (male:18.30±1.64mm;female:17.05±1.61mm), mean canal diameter was 17.18±1.67mm (males:17.31±1.74mm; females: 16.97±1.56mm),the mean canal body ratio was 0.97±0.13 (males:0.95±0.13; females:1.00±0.13). In mongoloids mean body diameter is 18.23±1.58 mm, mean canal diameter is 16.87±1.77 mm. and mean canal body ratio is 0.93±0.13. In non-mongoloids the mean body diameter was 17.48±1.79 mm, mean canal diameter was 17.42±1.59 mm, and mean canal body ratio was 1.00±0.13. Conclusion: The vertebral body diameter was significantly larger in men as compared to women, and this difference was statistically significant at all vertebral levels (p <0.05). The canal diameter was more in males than females but this difference was not statistically significant (p >0.05). The canal body ratio was greater in females than in males at all levels but this was also not statistically significant (p >0.05. The canal diameter was more in non-mongoloids as compared to mongoloids but this difference was not significant except at C2 level. Population in the eastern region of Nepal had values more nearer to Indian population but lesser than Europeans. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v11i3.9636 Health Renaissance 2013;11(3):224-228

scholarly journals A Morphometric Study of Lumbar Spine Pedicles in Nepalese Population

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Rudra Prasad Marasini ◽  
Pratiksha Gautam ◽  
Binod Sherchan ◽  
Ganesh Gurung ◽  
Bachchu Ram K.C.
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Lateral View ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Horizontal Diameter ◽  
The Individual

Background and Objective: In this observational study, morphometric data were obtained and analyzed by taking plain x-rays in various age groups to establish the morphometric values in Nepalese population.Methods: All the pedicle dimensions were measured by taking plain x-ray AP (Antero-posterior) and Lateral view of the lumbar spine in 246 Nepalese of different age groups. Pedicle diameters (Vertical and Horizontal) and interpedicular distance were measured in AP radiographs and sagittal angle was measured in the lateral radiographs. Differences between mean dimensions of pedicles of male and female of various age groups were tested by using ANOVA, independent t-test was used to test the individual mean dimensions.Results: Mean values of the pedicle dimensions were found as: Horizontal diameter (L1=7.17mm, L2=7.26mm, L3= 9.50mm, L4= 10.57mm and L5=11.3mm), Vertical diameter (L1= 15.00mm, L2=15.28mm, L3=15.21mm, L4=13.44mm and L5= 12.59mm), Interpedicular distance (L1= 25.54mm, L2 =27.03mm, L3 = 27.70mm, L4 =28.62mm and L5= 31.29mm) and the sagittal angle (L1=17.83degree, L2=15.7degree, L3= 15.91degree, L4=13.94degree, and L5=12.97degree) respectively.Conclusions: Values of pedicle dimensions found in Nepalese population by this study can be guidelines for the transpedicular procedure and for further research activities.JCMS Nepal 2014; 10(4):12-17

scholarly journals Association of Subpubic Angle Measurement with Age and Gender in a Group of Adult Sudanese Patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Awad ◽  
Rabab Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Angle Measurement ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Picture Archiving And Communication

Background: The measurement of the subpubic angle (SPA) has been used for determining gender with a high degree of accuracy in various ethnic groups. This measurement can also be helpful in forensic and physical anthropology. The aim of this study was to compare the SPA in different adult age groups (males and females) and to use the SPA to estimate the demarking point (DP) for the determination of gender. Methods: This study included 158 subjects – 59 male and 99 female. The SPA was measured electronically using antero-posterior pelvis X-rays. Measurements were taken retrospectively using the Picture Archiving and Communication System.  SPA measurements were compared between the male and female participants  in different adult age groups. To determine the gender, the DP was calculated from the means of SPA in male and female participants.   Results: A comparison of the means of SPA between males and females showed that females (134.94 ± 15.33º)  had wider SPA than males (105.88 ± 10.33) with a significant difference (P = 0.012). While a DP > 126.5 is most likely indicative of a female pelvis, a DP < 104.3 is indicative of a male pelvis. The accuracy levels based on the measured DP of participants in this study were 45.8% and 69.7% for males and females, respectively. Besides, with regards to age, the mean values for different age groups in males and females were statistically insignificant (P-values were 0.21 and 0.75, respectively).   Conclusions: According to the obtained results, the variations in the measurements of the SPA from pelvic X-rays can be used to determine gender. The calculated SPA range and DP were found to predict female gender with higher accuracy. Age was not associated with any notable differences in SPA measurements. Keywords: subpubic angle, pelvis, Sudanese, sex differences 

scholarly journals Gender-Related Impact of Sclerostin Antibody on Bone in the Osteogenesis Imperfecta Mouse

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mickaël Cardinal ◽  
Antoine Chretien ◽  
Thomas Roels ◽  
Sébastien Lafont ◽  
Michael S. Ominsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osteogenesis Imperfecta ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Bone Parameters ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sclerostin Antibody

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), which is most often due to a collagen type 1 gene mutation, is characterized by low bone density and bone fragility. In OI patients, gender-related differences were reported, but data in the literature are not convergent. We previously observed that sclerostin antibody (Scl-Ab), which stimulates osteoblast Wnt pathway via sclerostin inactivation, improved spine and long-bone parameters and biomechanical strength in female oim/oim mice, a validated model of human type 3 OI. Here, we wanted to highlight the effect of Scl-Ab on male oim/oim bones in order to identify a possible distinct therapeutic effect from that observed in females. According to the same protocol as our previous study with female mice, male wild-type (Wt) and oim/oim mice received vehicle or Scl-Ab from 5 to 14 weeks of age. Clinimetric and quantitative bone parameters were studied using X-rays, peripheral quantitative computed tomography, microradiography, and dynamic histomorphometry and compared to those of females. Contrary to Wt mice, male oim/oim had significantly lower weight, snout–sacrum length, and bone mineral content than females at 5 weeks. No significant difference in these clinimetric parameters was observed at 14 weeks, whereas male oim showed significantly more long-bone fractures than females. Scl-Ab improved bone mineral density and bone volume/total volume ratio (BV/TV) of vertebral body in Wt and oim/oim, without significant difference between male and female at 14 weeks. Male vehicle oim/oim had a significantly lower cortical thickness (Ct.Th) and BV/TV of tibial diaphysis than female and showed a higher number of fractures at 14 weeks. Scl-Ab increased midshaft periosteal apposition rate in such a way that tibial Ct.Th of male oim/oim was not significantly different from the female one at 14 weeks. The number of fractures was lower in male than female oim/oim after 14 weeks of Scl-Ab treatment, but this difference was not significant. Nevertheless, Scl-Ab–treated oim/oim male and female mice remained smaller than the Wt ones. In conclusion, our results highlighted differences between male and female oim/oim at 4 and 14 weeks of age, as well as some male-specific response of cortical bone to Scl-Ab. These gender-related particularities of oim/oim should be considered when testing experimental treatments.

scholarly journals Morphological study of cervical spinal body and vertebral body anatomy: CT scan based

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1540
Author(s):  
A. K. Chaurasiya ◽  
Anil Dawar ◽  
Rajneesh Gour ◽  
Kunal Vaidya
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Vertebral Body ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Spine Injury ◽  
Cervical Canal ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Vertebral Level ◽  
Canal Diameter

Background: The morphometery of the cervical spine vertebra is of clinical importance in traumatic, degenerative and inflammatory condition requiring surgery and instrumentation. The aim of this study was to determine the mid-sagittal, AP Transverse diameter, AP diameter of cervical vertebral body, surface area of canal and torg ratio at level C2 –C7.Methods: Study was performed in the department of general surgery, GMC and Hamidia Hospital Bhopal from January 2016 - June 2020 in 300 patients with clinically apparent cervical spondylosis and cervical spine injury belongs to central India of age group 20- 88 years including males and females by gathering their parameters (height and weight) and CT of cervical region from C1 to D1 spine.Results: In our study maximum sagittal canal diameter in males was found at C2 vertebral level (14.14 mm) and minimum at C4 vertebral level (14.00 mm) whereas the maximum sagittal canal diameter in females was found at C2 and C7 vertebral level (14.00 mm) and minimum at C4 vertebral level (13.82 mm) while mean sagittal canal diameter was greater in males than females. The maximum transverse canal diameter in both males and female was found at C7 level, it measures 21.09 mm in males and 21.38 mm in females.Conclusions: The CT scan can provide accurate cervical canal measurement that could serve as useful guide in preoperative surgical planning, instrumentation and size of prosthesis. 

scholarly journals Computerized Tomography-Based Morphometric Analysis of Cervical Spinal Canal in Central Indian Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 274-277
Author(s):  
Ambuj Kumar ◽  
Subhash Sahu ◽  
Shivank Sethi ◽  
Shailendra Ratre ◽  
Vijay Parihar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Spinal Canal ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cervical Spinal Canal ◽  
Canal Diameter ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Objective Normal cervical spine canal morphometry is critical for understanding the pathology of certain diseases and for proper preoperative planning. Computerized tomography (CT) scan can replace older conventional radiography techniques by providing more accurate morphometric measurements. This study was aimed to find out various dimensions of the cervical spinal canal of central Indian population. Materials and Methods A prospective study was conducted including 100 consecutive cervical spine CT scan of asymptomatic adult subjects. The anteroposterior sagittal canal diameter (SCD), transverse canal diameter (TCD), canal surface area (CSA), and Pavlov-Torg Ratio (PTR) from C2 to C7 were calculated. Statistical Analysis Data were entered in Microsoft Excel Sheet 2007 and statistical analysis was performed by IBM SPSS statistics 2.0 version. p-Value < 0.05 was considered as significant. Results Age ranged from 18 years to 77 years with mean age 39.5 years. There was no significant difference in all the dimensions (SCD, TCD, CSA) in male and female except at C2 level, where SCD, TCD, and CSA were significant larger in male. The mean SCD, TCD, and CSA is largest at C2 level (14.4 ± 1.63 mm, 21.57 ± 1.59 mm, and 156.20 ± 24.98 mm2, respectively) and smallest at C4 level (12.77 ± 1.48 mm, 20.37 ± 1.72 mm, and 130.42 ± 21.20 mm2). PTR showed very little variation. Conclusion Normal values of cervical spinal canal could serve as a future reference. CT scan provides more accurate measurement. More studies are needed as there could be variations in dimensions in different regions in India.

The Clinical, Roentgenological and Morphological Effects of an Acute Exposure of Phosgene on the Lungs of Dogs

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 236-237
Author(s):  
R. F. Bils ◽  
W. F. Diller ◽  
F. Huth
Keyword(s):  
Latent Period ◽  
Chemical Industry ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Lung Edema ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Beagle Dogs ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Electron Microscopes

Phosgene still plays an important role as a toxic substance in the chemical industry. Thiess (1968) recently reported observations on numerous cases of phosgene poisoning. A serious difficulty in the clinical handling of phosgene poisoning cases is a relatively long latent period, up to 12 hours, with no obvious signs of severity. At about 12 hours heavy lung edema appears suddenly, however changes can be seen in routine X-rays taken after only a few hours' exposure (Diller et al., 1969). This study was undertaken to correlate these early changes seen by the roengenologist with morphological alterations in the lungs seen in the'light and electron microscopes.Forty-two adult male and female Beagle dogs were selected for these exposure experiments. Treated animals were exposed to 94.5-107-5 ppm phosgene for 10 min. in a 15 m3 chamber. Roentgenograms were made of the thorax of each animal before and after exposure, up to 24 hrs.

SENSITIVITAS ETIS MAHASISWA ATAS PENGGELAPAN PAJAK

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-195
Author(s):  
Nurma Risa
Keyword(s):  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Female Students ◽  
T Test ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Political Sciences ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Management Students

This study aims to prove that there is a difference of perception about ethics on tax evasion in UNISMA Bekasi students, based on selected study program and gender. The sample of this research is the students who have fulfilled the subject of taxation, at the Faculty of Economics (FE) and Faculty of Social and Political Sciences (FISIP). Using independent t-test, the results showed that there was no significant difference of perception about tax evasion ethics between FE and FISIP students. But significant differences the perception of tax evasion ethics occur between accounting and management students at FE. Significant differences also did not occur between male and female students

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