scholarly journals Effective Dose of CT-Guided Epidural and Periradicular Injections of the Lumbar Spine: A Retrospective Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 357-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juraj Artner ◽  
Friederike Lattig ◽  
Heiko Reichel ◽  
Balkan Cakir
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Dose Length Product ◽  
Ct Guided ◽  
Epidural Injections ◽  
Lumbar Segment ◽  
Axial Ct ◽  
Effective Radiation

Spinal injection procedures can be performed blindly or, more accurately, with fluoroscopic or computed tomography (CT) guidance. Radiographic guidance for selective nerve root blocks and epidural injections allows an accurate needle placement, reduces the procedure time and is more secure for the patient, especially in patients with marked degenerative changes and scoliosis, resulting in a narrowing of the interlaminar space. Limiting factors remain the availability of scanners and the radiation dose. Interventional CT scan protocols in axial CT-acquisition mode for epidural and periradicular injections help to limit the radiation dose without a significant decrease of image quality. The purpose of this retrospective study was to analyze the effective radiation dosage patients are exposed during CT-guided epidural lumbar and periradicular injections. A total amount of n=1870 datasets from 18 months were analyzed after multiplying the dose length product with conversion factor k for each lumbar segment. For lumbar epidural injections (n=1286), a mean effective dose of 1.34 mSv (CI 95%, 1.30-1.38), for periradicular injections (n=584) a mean effective dose of 1.38 mSv (CI 95%, 1.32-1.44) were calculated.

scholarly journals Implementation of ultra-low-dose lung protocols in CT-guided lung biopsies: feasibility and safety in the clinical setting

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 2101-2109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara K Frisch ◽  
Karin Slebocki ◽  
Kamal Mammadov ◽  
Michael Puesken ◽  
Ingrid Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Dose Length Product ◽  
Ct Guided ◽  
Total Radiation Dose ◽  
Lung Biopsies ◽  
Histological Results

Objective To evaluate the use of ultra-low-dose computed tomography (ULDCT) for CT-guided lung biopsy versus standard-dose CT (SDCT). Methods CT-guided lung biopsies from 115 patients (50 ULDCT, 65 SDCT) were analyzed retrospectively. SDCT settings were 120 kVp with automatic mAs modulation. ULDCT settings were 80 kVp with fixed exposure (20 mAs). Two radiologists evaluated image quality (i.e., needle artifacts, lesion contouring, vessel recognition, visibility of interlobar fissures). Complications and histological results were also evaluated. Results ULDCT was considered feasible for all lung interventions, showing the same diagnostic accuracy as SDCT. Its mean total radiation dose (dose–length product) was significantly reduced to 34 mGy-cm (SDCT 426 mGy-cm). Image quality and complication rates ( P = 0.469) were consistent. Conclusions ULDCT for CT-guided lung biopsies appears safe and accurate, with a significantly reduced radiation dose. We therefore recommend routine clinical use of ULDCT for the benefit of patients and interventionalists.

scholarly journals Effective ?-radiation Dose on Chitosan for Preservation of Mangoes (Mangifera indica)

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashna Islam ◽  
Mahfuza Sharifa Sultana ◽  
Fahmida Parvin ◽  
Mubarak A Khan
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Chitosan Solution ◽  
Effective Radiation Dose ◽  
Effective Radiation

The effective dose of ? radiation on chitosan for mango preservation was studies in this work. The 2% chitosan solution was irradiated with at various total doses (50-200 kGy). The mature green mangoes were soaked in un-irradiated and irradiated chitosan solutions and then they were stored at normal room temperature. The percentage of weight loss, color change and percentage of spoilage were observed for 15 days in control, un-irradiated and irradiated chitosan coated mangoes. The overall results showed the superiority of 50 kGy and 100 kGy irradiated chitosan in extending shelf life of mango as comared to control, un-irradiated and 120 kGy to 200 kGy irradiated chitosan. Jahangirnagar University Environmental Bulletin, Vol.2, 35-40, 2013 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jueb.v2i0.16328

scholarly journals Reducing Radiation Dose in Emergency CT Scans While Maintaining Equal Image Quality: Just a Promise or Reality for Severely Injured Patients?

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrich Grupp ◽  
Max-Ludwig Schäfer ◽  
Henning Meyer ◽  
Alexander Lembcke ◽  
Alexander Pöllinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Dose Reduction ◽  
Iterative Reconstruction ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Image Noise ◽  
Effective Radiation Dose ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Effective Radiation ◽  
The Impact

Objective. This study aims to assess the impact of adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction (ASIR) on CT imaging quality, diagnostic interpretability, and radiation dose reduction for a proven CT acquisition protocol for total body trauma.Methods. 18 patients with multiple trauma (ISS≥16) were examined either with a routine protocol (n=6), 30% (n=6), or 40% (n=6) of iterative reconstruction (IR) modification in the raw data domain of the routine protocol (140 kV, collimation: 40, noise index: 15). Study groups were matched by scan range and maximal abdominal diameter. Image noise was quantitatively measured. Image contrast, image noise, and overall interpretability were evaluated by two experienced and blinded readers. The amount of radiation dose reductions was evaluated.Results. No statistically significant differences between routine and IR protocols regarding image noise, contrast, and interpretability were present. Mean effective dose for the routine protocol was25.3±2.9 mSv,19.7±5.8 mSv for the IR 30, and17.5±4.2 mSv for the IR 40 protocol, that is, 22.1% effective dose reduction for IR 30 (P=0.093) and 30.8% effective dose reduction for IR 40 (P=0.0203).Conclusions. IR does not reduce study interpretability in total body trauma protocols while providing a significant reduction in effective radiation dose.

Radiation doses in diagnostic imaging for suspected physical abuse

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (9) ◽  
pp. 863-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raylene Rao ◽  
Diana Browne ◽  
Brian Lunt ◽  
David Perry ◽  
Peter Reed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Bone Imaging ◽  
Effective Radiation Dose ◽  
Ct Head ◽  
Contrast Ct ◽  
Effective Radiation

ObjectiveTo measure the actual radiation dose delivered by imaging techniques commonly used in the radiography of suspected physical abuse and to make this information available to health professionals and families.MethodsData were collected retrospectively on children under 3 years referred for skeletal surveys for suspected physical abuse, non-contrast CT head scan or radionuclide imaging of the bones in Starship Children’s Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand from January to December 2015. Patient size-specific conversion coefficients were derived from International Commission on Radiologic Protection tissue weighting factors and used to calculate effective dose.ResultsSeventy-one patients underwent an initial skeletal survey, receiving a mean effective dose of 0.20 mSv (95% CI 0.18 to 0.22). Sixteen patients had a follow-up survey with a mean effective dose of 0.10 mSv (95% CI 0.08 to 0.11). Eighty patients underwent CT head which delivered a mean effective dose of 2.49 mSv (95% CI 2.37 to 2.60). Thirty-nine patients underwent radionuclide bone imaging which delivered a mean effective dose of 2.27 mSv (95% CI 2.11 to 2.43).ConclusionsIn a paediatric centre, skeletal surveys deliver a relatively low effective radiation dose, equivalent to approximately 1 month of background radiation. Non-contrast CT head scan and radionuclide bone imaging deliver similar doses, equivalent to approximately 1 year of background radiation. This information should be considered when gaining informed consent and incorporated in patient education handouts.

scholarly journals Occupational Radiation Dose to Eye Lenses in CT-Guided Interventions Using MDCT-Fluoroscopy

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 646
Author(s):  
Yohei Inaba ◽  
Shin Hitachi ◽  
Munenori Watanuki ◽  
Koichi Chida
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Medical Staff ◽  
Ct Fluoroscopy ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Dose Length Product ◽  
Ct Guided ◽  
Reduction Methods ◽  
Ct System ◽  
Occupational Radiation

In computed tomography (CT)-guided interventions (CTIs), physicians are close to a source of scattered radiation. The physician and staff are at high risk of radiation-induced injury (cataracts). Thus, dose-reducing measures for physicians are important. However, few previous reports have examined radiation doses to physicians in CTIs. This study evaluated the radiation dose to the physician and medical staff using multi detector (MD)CT-fluoroscopy, and attempted to understand radiation-protection and -reduction methods. The procedures were performed using an interventional radiology (IVR)-CT system. We measured the occupational radiation dose (physician and nurse) using a personal dosimeter in real-time, gathered CT-related parameters (fluoroscopy time, mAs, CT dose index (CTDI), and dose length product (DLP)), and performed consecutive 232 procedures in CT-guided biopsy. Physician doses (eye lens, neck, and hand; μSv, average ± SD) in our CTIs were 39.1 ± 36.3, 23.1 ± 23.7, and 28.6 ± 31.0, respectively. Nurse doses (neck and chest) were lower (2.3 ± 5.0 and 2.4 ± 4.4, respectively) than the physician doses. There were significant correlations between the physician doses (eye and neck) and related factors, such as CT-fluoroscopy mAs (eye dose: r = 0.90 and neck dose: r = 0.83). We need to understand the importance of reducing/optimizing the dose to the physician and medical staff in CTIs. Our study suggests that physician and staff doses were not significant when the procedures were performed with the appropriate radiation protection and low-dose techniques.

ESTIMATION OF RADIATION DOSE IN CT VENOGRAPHY OF THE LOWER EXTREMITIES: PHANTOM EXPERIMENTS USING DIFFERENT AUTOMATIC EXPOSURE CONTROL SETTINGS AND SCAN RANGES

2019 ◽  
Vol 188 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-116
Author(s):  
Yusuke Inoue ◽  
Hiroyasu Itoh ◽  
Kazunori Nagahara ◽  
Yuka Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Lower Extremities ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Exposure Control ◽  
Automatic Exposure Control ◽  
Dose Length Product ◽  
Ct Venography ◽  
Tube Current ◽  
Phantom Experiments

Abstract We performed phantom experiments to assess radiation dose in computed tomography (CT) venography of the lower extremities. CT images of a whole-body phantom were acquired using different automatic exposure control settings and scan ranges, simulating CT venography. Tube current decreased in the lower extremities compared to the trunk. The scout direction and dose modulation strength affected tube current, dose length product (DLP) and effective dose. The middle and distal portions of the lower extremities contributed substantially to DLP but not to effective dose. When effective dose was estimated by multiplying DLP by a single conversion factor, overestimation was evident; this became more pronounced as the scan range narrowed. In CT venography of the lower extremities, the scout direction and modulation strength affect radiation dose. Use of DLP severely overestimates radiation dose and underestimates effects of scan range narrowing.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Tegangan Tabung terhadap Kualitas Citra pada Pemeriksaan Computed Tomography Kepala menggunakan Iterative Reconstruction

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
Muhammad Irsal ◽  
◽  
Nurbaiti Nurbaiti ◽  
Aulia Narendra Mukhtar ◽  
Shinta Gunawati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Iterative Reconstruction ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Hounsfield Unit ◽  
P Value ◽  
Dose Length Product ◽  
Reconstruction Image

Iterative reconstruction can optimize radiation dose and improve image quality on CT scan. This research method is quantitative analytic with the analysis of the results of the head CT examination parameters associated with image quality to changes in variations of 80 kV, 100 kV, 120 kV with the use of iterative reconstruction. Image quality measurements are the Hounsfield Unit (HU) value, standard deviation, and Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) using Radiant Viewers. Effective dose measurement using the Dose Length Product (DLP). Then perform the Kruskal Wallis test to find out whether there is an effect of tube voltage and Iterative Reconstruction on the SNR value using IBM SPSS version 24. The results image quality of the HU value increase due to changes in the kV value, but the value does not change significantly when the iDose changes, for the standard The deviation has decreased due to changes in kV, but the value of the value does not experience a significant change at the time of change in iDose, while SNR increases due to changes in kV value and changes in iDose. The percentage ratio of the effective dose in the use of standard kV with 80 kV decreased radiation dose by 62%, while at 100 kV there was a decrease of 25%, and the use of 120 kV experienced an increase of 25%. The results of the Kruskal Wallis test p-value <0.001, therefore it can be concluded that there is a difference in the SNR image quality at each change in iDose and kV parameters.

scholarly journals Biological effective dose, cumulative radiation dose, risk of malignancy and mortality rate estimation in adult patients who have a history of cancer and exposed to recurrent computed tomography

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1405-1409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amjaad Majeed Hameed ◽  
Dergham Majeed Hameed
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Cumulative Dose ◽  
Primary Tumour ◽  
Effective Radiation Dose ◽  
Risk Of Malignancy ◽  
Cumulative Radiation Dose ◽  
Effective Radiation

Computed tomography is commonly used for the initial diagnosis of a tumour to provide information about the stage of cancer & to assess whether the disease is responding to treatment. Leukemia & solid tumour may have developed as a result of exposure to a low dose of diagnostic ionizing radiation so another primary tumour may develop as a result of radiation exposure. We used information in the patient sheet to measure patient effective radiation dose(E) in millisievert (mSv) & calculate cumulative dose by summation of dose over three years, estimated life attributed risk & mortality rate. The results of the current study revealed that from 50 patients 37 (74%) of them were female & 13 (26%) of them were male, age range 23- 80yr, breast cancer was the commonest cause of malignancy follow by lung cancer. Cumulative dose in mSv/yr rang 12-80 mSv, about 43(86%) of our patients exposed to more than 20mSv /yr & 7(14%) of them expose to 20 & less than 20 per year. Collective dose in three years’ range was 35-250 mSv mean 97 ± 37 Estimated radiological effective dose was more than 100 mSv in 22 (44%) per three years & 28(56%) of them had less than 100mSv. Life attributed risk for incidence of cancers was 1:285 -1:40 & mortality rate 0.21%-1.5%. A high percentage of patient 86% with cancer receive high radiation dose annually from CT scan more than considerable safe radiation dose for a worker in this field and 44% of our patient expose to cumulative dose more than 100 mSv per three which is also excess allowed dose for the radiological worker.

Periradicular infiltration of the lumbar spine: testing the robustness of an interventional ultra-low-dose protocol at different body mass index levels

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 1364-1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Henry Jürgen Elsholtz ◽  
Lars-Arne Schaafs ◽  
Thorsten Köhlitz ◽  
Bernd Hamm ◽  
Stefan Markus Niehues
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Interventional Procedure ◽  
P Value ◽  
Dose Length Product ◽  
Ct Guided ◽  
Tube Current ◽  
Periradicular Infiltration

Background Computed tomography (CT)-guided periradicular infiltration remains a frequent interventional procedure for treatment of low back pain. Purpose To present an interventional ultra-low-dose protocol for CT-guided periradicular infiltration therapy and assess its application at different body mass index (BMI) levels. Material and Methods Over a period of 14 months, 79 patients underwent 183 CT-guided interventions for single-site lumbar periradicular therapy using an ultra-low-dose protocol with a basic setup of 100 kV and 5 mAs. Procedures were performed via intermittent fluoroscopy. A retrospective review was performed to analyze the parameters tube current and tube voltage, dose-length product, and BMI. Results The interventional ultra-low-dose protocol allowed safe treatment of 91.1% of the patients without a need for adapting the protocol. In seven patients with a higher BMI (range, 31–38 kg/m2; mean, 34 kg/m2), the tube current had to be increased to retain sufficient image quality. Only patients with a BMI of 30 and higher showed a significant correlation between BMI and dose-length product ( P value = 0.02), resulting in a slightly increased dose ( P value = 0.002). Conclusion The protocol presented for the interventional part of CT-guided periradicular infiltration allows to safely treat patients with a median calculated effective dose of 0.045 mSv (converted from a dose-length-product of 2.26 mGy*cm). Patients with a BMI of 30 and higher required a higher calculated effective dose with just one patient slightly exceeding 0.1 mSv.

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