scholarly journals Effectiveness of Biologic Factors in Shoulder Disorders

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Giotis ◽  
Ashkan Aryaei ◽  
Theofanis Vasilakakos ◽  
Nikolaos K. Paschos
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Repair Process ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Shoulder Disorders ◽  
Biologic Factors

Background:Shoulder pathology can cause significant pain, discomfort, and loss of function that all interfere with activities of daily living and may lead to poor quality of life. Primary osteoarthritis and rotator cuff diseases with its sequalae are the main culprits. Management of shoulder disorders using biological factors gained an increasing interest over the last years. This interest reveals the need of effective treatments for shoulder degenerative disorders, and highlights the importance of a comprehensive and detailed understanding of the rapidly increasing knowledge in the field.Methods:This study will describe most of the available biology-based strategies that have been recently developed, focusing on their effectiveness in animal and clinical studies.Results:Data fromin vitrowork will also be briefly presented; in order to further elucidate newly acquired knowledge regarding mechanisms of tissue degeneration and repair that would probably drive translational work in the next decade. The role of platelet rich-plasma, growth factors, stem cells and other alternative treatments will be described in an evidence-based approach, in an attempt to provide guidelines for their clinical application. Finally, certain challenges that biologic treatments face today will be described as an initiative for future strategies.Conclusion:The application of different growth factors and mesenchymal stem cells appears as promising approaches for enhancing biologic repair. However, data from clinical studies are still limited, and future studies need to improve understanding of the repair process in cellular and molecular level and evaluate the effectiveness of biologic factors in the management of shoulder disorders.

scholarly journals Role of White Blood Cells in Blood- and Bone Marrow-Based Autologous Therapies

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
William King ◽  
Krista Toler ◽  
Jennifer Woodell-May
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Negative Results

There has been significant debate over the role of white blood cells (WBCs) in autologous therapies, with several groups suggesting that WBCs are purely inflammatory. Misconceptions in the practice of biologic orthopedics result in the simplified principle that platelets deliver growth factors, WBCs cause inflammation, and the singular value of bone marrow is the stem cells. The aim of this review is to address these common misconceptions which will enable better development of future orthopedic medical devices. WBC behavior is adaptive in nature and, depending on their environment, WBCs can hinder or induce healing. Successful tissue repair occurs when platelets arrive at a wound site, degranulate, and release growth factors and cytokines which, in turn, recruit WBCs to the damaged tissue. Therefore, a key role of even pure platelet-rich plasma is to recruit WBCs to a wound. Bone marrow contains a complex mixture of vascular cells, white blood cells present at much greater concentrations than in blood, and a small number of progenitor cells and stem cells. The negative results observed for WBC-containing autologous therapies in vitro have not translated to human clinical studies. With an enhanced understanding of the complex WBC biology, the next generation of biologics will be more specific, likely resulting in improved effectiveness.

scholarly journals Are Applied Growth Factors Able to Mimic the Positive Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on the Regeneration of Meniscus in the Avascular Zone?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Zellner ◽  
Christian Dirk Taeger ◽  
Markus Schaffer ◽  
J. Camilo Roldan ◽  
Markus Loibl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Defect Site ◽  
Avascular Zone

Meniscal lesions in the avascular zone are still a problem in traumatology. Tissue Engineering approaches with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) showed successful regeneration of meniscal defects in the avascular zone. However, in daily clinical practice, a single stage regenerative treatment would be preferable for meniscus injuries. In particular, clinically applicable bioactive substances or isolated growth factors like platelet-rich plasma (PRP) or bone morphogenic protein 7 (BMP7) are in the focus of interest. In this study, the effects of PRP and BMP7 on the regeneration of avascular meniscal defects were evaluated. In vitro analysis showed that PRP secretes multiple growth factors over a period of 8 days. BMP7 enhances the collagen II deposition in an aggregate culture model of MSCs. However applied to meniscal defects PRP or BMP7 in combination with a hyaluronan collagen composite matrix failed to significantly improve meniscus healing in the avascular zone in a rabbit model after 3 months. Further information of the repair mechanism at the defect site is needed to develop special release systems or carriers for the appropriate application of growth factors to support biological augmentation of meniscus regeneration.

Isolation, Characterization, and Differentiation of Stem Cells From Various Dental Sources: An In Vitro Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 232020682110107
Author(s):  
Sandeep S. Katti ◽  
Kishore Bhat ◽  
Chetana Bogar
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Central Research ◽  
Cell Lineages ◽  
Apical Papilla

Aim: The aim of the current study was to isolate stem cells from various dental sources such as dental pulp, periodontal ligament (PDL), and apical papilla, and to characterize stem cells by staining for the presence/absence of specific surface markers and also to differentiate stem cells into osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic cell lineages by exposing them to specific growth factors under the ideal conditions. Materials and Methods: A total of 117 samples were included in the study, consisting of 30 pulp, 50 gingival, 35 PDL, and 2 apical papilla samples. The pulp was extirpated and transported to the Central Research Laboratory. Gingival connective tissue was collected from the participants undergoing any crown lengthening procedure or any gingivectomy procedure from the Department of Periodontology. A similar procedure was also followed for apical papilla and PDL. Isolation was done followed by the identification of the cells by immunocytochemistry using different markers. Once the identity of cells was confirmed, these cells were treated with different culture media to attain 70% to 100% confluency. Then the medium was replaced with a conditioning medium containing specific growth factors for differentiation into osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic cell lineages. Result: In our study, the number of samples collected and processed was 117. The isolation rate of stem cells from the above-collected samples was 70%. Statistical analysis—no statistical analysis was done as there was no variability expected. Conclusion: Our study showed that stem cells could be isolated, differentiated, and characterized from different dental sources.

scholarly journals What is the clinical applicability of regenerative therapies in dentistry?

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Tarquinio DEMARCO ◽  
Laura Borges KIRSCHNICK ◽  
Luis Bayardo WATSON ◽  
Marcus Cristian MUNIZ CONDE ◽  
Flávio Fernando DEMARCO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Dental Pulp ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Blood Clot ◽  
Collagen Scaffold ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Organ Regeneration ◽  
Regenerative Therapies

ABSTRACT Regenerative therapies have been widely developed in dentistry and it is important to incorporate dentists’ knowledge of these new therapies into the dental clinic routine. This study reviewed the literature on regenerative therapies and clinical applications. Tissue engineering has contributed to changes in the paradigm of restorative health sciences. Its pillars underpin the techniques of tissue and organ regeneration. Despite the majority of studies in this field being in vitro, a range of preclinical studies and methodologies has been formed using these principles and they are already being used on humans. The use of platelet-rich plasma and platelet-rich fibrin in surgery as natural scaffolds for the reestablishment of bone and periodontal tissue are often reported in the literature and clinical trials using this approach have shown promising results. Stem cells from autologous dental pulp have been successfully applied in bone tissue regeneration using natural collagen scaffold in humans. In addition, revascularization of the root canal already appears in the literature as a promising alternative to apexification. The principle behind this therapy is the use of the blood clot as a scaffold and the migration of stem cells of the apical papilla to regenerate the dental pulp organ. Final considerations: Although still in the early stages, regenerative therapies can now be used in dental practice. Knowledge of the principles governing these therapies should be understood by the dentist for use in clinical practice.

Amniotic Stem Cell-Conditioned Media for the Treatment of Nerve and Muscle Pathology: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chukwuweike Gwam ◽  
Ahmed Emara ◽  
Nequesha Mohamed ◽  
Noor Chughtai ◽  
Johannes Plate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Conditioned Media ◽  
Nerve Tissue ◽  
Muscle Pathology ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Cell Based Therapy

Muscle and nerve tissue damage can elicit a significant loss of function and poses as a burden for patients and healthcare providers. Even for tissues, such as the peripheral nerve and skeletal muscle, that harbor significant regenerative capacity, innate regenerative processes often lead to less than optimal recovery and residual loss of function. The reasons for poor regeneration include significant cell damage secondary to oxidative stress, poor recruitment of resident stem cells, and an unfavorable microenvironment for tissue regeneration. Stem cell-based therapy was once thought as a potential therapy in tissue regeneration, due to its self-renewal and multipotent capabilities. Early advocates for cellular-based therapy pointed to the pluripotent nature of stem cells, thus eluding to its ability to differentiate into resident cells as the source of its regenerative capability. However, increasing evidence has revealed a lack of engraftment and differentiation of stem cells, thereby pointing to stem cell paracrine activity as being responsible for its regenerative potential. Stem cell-conditioned media houses biomolecular factors that portray significant regenerative potential. Amniotic-derived stem cell-conditioned media (AFS-CM) has been of particular interest because of its ease of allocation and in vitro culture. The purpose of this review is to report the results of studies that assess the role of AFS-CM for nerve and muscle conditions. In this review, we will cover the effects of AFS-CM on cellular pathways, genes, and protein expression for different nerve and muscle cell types.

TRENDS AND CHALLENGES OF CARTILAGE TISSUE ENGINEERING

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (03) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsu-Wei Fang
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Cartilage Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Cartilage Tissue

Cartilage injuries may be caused by trauma, biomechanical imbalance, or degenerative changes of joint. Unfortunately, cartilage has limited capability to spontaneous repair once damaged and may lead to progressive damage and degeneration. Cartilage tissue-engineering techniques have emerged as the potential clinical strategies. An ideal tissue-engineering approach to cartilage repair should offer good integration into both the host cartilage and the subchondral bone. Cells, scaffolds, and growth factors make up the tissue engineering triad. One of the major challenges for cartilage tissue engineering is cell source and cell numbers. Due to the limitations of proliferation for mature chondrocytes, current studies have alternated to use stem cells as a potential source. In the recent years, a lot of novel biomaterials has been continuously developed and investigated in various in vitro and in vivo studies for cartilage tissue engineering. Moreover, stimulatory factors such as bioactive molecules have been explored to induce or enhance cartilage formation. Growth factors and other additives could be added into culture media in vitro, transferred into cells, or incorporated into scaffolds for in vivo delivery to promote cellular differentiation and tissue regeneration.Based on the current development of cartilage tissue engineering, there exist challenges to overcome. How to manipulate the interactions between cells, scaffold, and signals to achieve the moderation of implanted composite differentiate into moderate stem cells to differentiate into hyaline cartilage to perform the optimum physiological and biomechanical functions without negative side effects remains the target to pursue.

Can Activated Platelet Rich Plasma Combined with Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Be Used to Treat Skin Wrinkles?

2013 ◽  
pp. 313-329
Author(s):  
Phuc Van Pham ◽  
Loan Thi-Tung Dang ◽  
Nhung Hai Truong ◽  
Ngoc Kim Phan
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽  
Fibroblast Proliferation ◽  
Skin Rejuvenation ◽  
Collagen Production ◽  
Dermal Layer ◽  
Skin Wrinkles

In recent years, Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) and Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (ADSCs) have been used separately for many clinical applications, especially skin rejuvenation. A combined injection of PRP and ADSCs could therefore be used to treat skin wrinkles. However, there are controversies and reports with conflicting results regarding the efficacy of this treatment. The authors aimed to determine the anti-wrinkle and skin rejuvenation mechanism of combined PRP and ADSCs treatment. The effects of PRP and ADSCs isolated from the same consenting donors were evaluated using in vitro and in vivo models. The in vitro effects of PRP and ADSCs on dermal fibroblast proliferation, collagen production, and inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) production were investigated using a co-culture model. Fibroblasts and ADSCs were cultured within the same dish, but in two separate cavities (using an insert plate), in the presence of the same PRP-supplemented medium. In vivo, the authors evaluated the effects of combined PRP and ADSCs on skin histochemistry, including changes in the dermal layer and collagen production in photo-aged skin (mice). They also determined the survival and differentiation of grafted ADSCs. The results show that combined PRP and ADSCs strongly stimulate in vitro fibroblast proliferation, collagen production, and inhibition of MMP-1 synthesis. Intra-dermal co-injection of PRP and ADSCs was observed to stimulate increased dermal layer thickness and collagen production compared with the untreated group. These results indicate that a combined PRP and ADSC injection can reduce wrinkles more effectively than either PRP or ADSC alone, and provide insight into the clinical use of PRP combined with ADSCs for dermal applications, particularly skin rejuvenation.

scholarly journals Modulation of Human Adipose Stem Cells’ Neurotrophic Capacity Using a Variety of Growth Factors for Neural Tissue Engineering Applications: Axonal Growth, Transcriptional, and Phosphoproteomic Analyses In Vitro

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1939
Author(s):  
Katharina M. Prautsch ◽  
Alexander Schmidt ◽  
Viola Paradiso ◽  
Dirk J. Schaefer ◽  
Raphael Guzman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Axonal Growth ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Adipose Stem Cells ◽  
Transcriptional Analysis ◽  
Axonal Outgrowth ◽  
Human Adipose Stem Cells

We report on a potential strategy involving the exogenous neurotrophic factors (NTF) for enhancing the neurotrophic capacity of human adipose stem cells (ASC) in vitro. For this, ASC were stimulated for three days using NTF, i.e., nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin 3 (NT3), NT4, glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF). The resulting conditioned medium (CM) as well as individual NTF exhibited distinct effects on axonal outgrowth from dorsal root ganglion (DRG) explants. In particular, CM derived from NT3-stimulated ASC (CM-NT3-ASC) promoted robust axonal outgrowth. Subsequent transcriptional analysis of DRG cultures in response to CM-NT3-ASC displayed significant upregulation of STAT-3 and GAP-43. In addition, phosphoproteomic analysis of NT3-stimulated ASC revealed significant changes in the phosphorylation state of different proteins that are involved in cytokine release, growth factors signaling, stem cell maintenance, and differentiation. Furthermore, DRG cultures treated with CM-NT3-ASC exhibited significant changes in the phosphorylation levels of proteins involved in tubulin and actin cytoskeletal pathways, which are crucial for axonal growth and elongation. Thus, the results obtained at the transcriptional, proteomic, and cellular level reveal significant changes in the neurotrophic capacity of ASC following NT3 stimulation and provide new options for improving the axonal growth-promoting potential of ASC in vitro.

scholarly journals Platelet-Rich Plasma Improves the Wound Healing Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells through Paracrine and Metabolism Alterations

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Hersant ◽  
Mounia Sid-Ahmed ◽  
Laura Braud ◽  
Maud Jourdan ◽  
Yasmine Baba-Amer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Safe Alternative

Chronic and acute nonhealing wounds represent a major public health problem, and replacement of cutaneous lesions by the newly regenerated skin is challenging. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) were separately tested in the attempt to regenerate the lost skin. However, these treatments often remained inefficient to achieve complete wound healing. Additional studies suggested that PRP could be used in combination with MSC to improve the cell therapy efficacy for tissue repair. However, systematic studies related to the effects of PRP on MSC properties and their ability to rebuild skin barrier are lacking. We evaluated in a mouse exhibiting 4 full-thickness wounds, the skin repair ability of a treatment combining human adipose-derived MSC and human PRP by comparison to treatment with saline solution, PRP alone, or MSC alone. Wound healing in these animals was measured at day 3, day 7, and day 10. In addition, we examined in vitro and in vivo whether PRP alters in MSC their proangiogenic properties, their survival, and their proliferation. We showed that PRP improved the efficacy of engrafted MSC to replace lost skin in mice by accelerating the wound healing processes and ameliorating the elasticity of the newly regenerated skin. In addition, we found that PRP treatment stimulated in vitro, in a dose-dependent manner, the proangiogenic potential of MSC through enhanced secretion of soluble factors like VEGF and SDF-1. Moreover, PRP treatment ameliorated the survival and activated the proliferation of in vitro cultured MSC and that these effects were accompanied by an alteration of the MSC energetic metabolism including oxygen consumption rate and mitochondrial ATP production. Similar observations were found in vivo following combined administration of PRP and MSC into mouse wounds. In conclusion, our study strengthens that the use of PRP in combination with MSC might be a safe alternative to aid wound healing.

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