Combined Influence of Chitosan and Calcium Chloride on Fusarium Dry Rot Disease Under Field Conditions

Background: Fusarium dry rot disease caused by Fusarium sambucinum Fuckel (F. sambucinum) can infect the potato tubers in the field and during storage. Yield losses by F. sambucinum reach 60%. Traditional methods to control Fusarium dry rot are fungicides application, which led to developing many isolates resistant to these fungicides. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of calcium chloride (CaCl2) and chitosan, alone or in combination, on plant development, tuber yield, and Fusarium dry rot disease incidence under field conditions. Methods: Soil inoculated with F. sambucinum before planting. We treated the seed tubers with CaCl2 (0.5 or 1%), chitosan 0.5%, or both. The foliage was sprayed twice with CaCl2 (0.5 or 1%), 0.1% chitosan, or both. During the vegetation period, growth parameters, such as germination (%), plant height (cm), and branches number per plant, were measured. At harvest, we calculated the total and the marketable number of tubers and tuber yield. In addition, during storage, we assessed the incidence of Fusarium dry rot disease on tubers. Results: Results revealed that combined pre-planting application with 1% CaCl2 and 0.5% chitosan with 2 hours intervals, then spraying foliar with 1% CaCl2 and 0.1% chitosan twice with ten days intervals starting at 40 days after planting resulted in: a) increasing the germination, enhancing the growth parameters such as plant height and branches number per plant; b) enhancing the marketable tuber yield by 75.2 and 97.6% in Sante and Kolobok varieties, respectively; c) reducing Fusarium dry rot disease incidence by 61.9-72.7%. Conclusion: The work highlighted that the combined pre-planting and foliar application of CaCl2 and chitosan might be recommended for potato producers to reduce the incidence of Fusarium dry rot disease and augment yields.

Download Full-text

The Effect of Biochars and Endophytic Bacteria on Growth and Root Rot Disease Incidence of Fusarium Infested Narrow-Leafed Lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.)

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms8040496 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 496

Author(s):

Dilfuza Egamberdieva ◽

Vyacheslav Shurigin ◽

Burak Alaylar ◽

Hua Ma ◽

Marina E. H. Müller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Root Rot ◽

Endophytic Bacteria ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Microbial Interactions ◽

Root Rot Disease ◽

Root Dry Weight ◽

Rot Disease

The effects of biochar on plant growth vary depending on the applied biochar type, study site environmental conditions, microbial species, and plant–microbial interactions. The objectives of the present study were therefore to assess 1) the response of growth parameters of lupin and root disease incidence to the application of three biochar types in a loamy sandy soil, and 2) the role of endophytic bacteria in biological control of root rot disease incidence in lupin after the amendment of soil with different biochar types. As biochar types we tested (i) hydrochar (HTC) from maize silage, (ii) pyrolysis char from maize (MBC), and (iii) pyrolysis char from wood (WBC) at three different concentrations (1%, 2%, and 3% of char as soil amendments). There were no significant effects in lupin shoot and root growth in soils amended with WBC at any of the concentrations. MBC did not affect plant growth except for root dry weight at 2% MBC. HTC char at 2% concentration, significantly increased the root dry weight of lupin by 54–75%, and shoot dry weight by 21–25%. Lupin plants grown in soil amended with 2% and 3% WBC and MBC chars showed 40–50% and 10–20% disease symptoms, respectively. Plants grown in soil without biochar and with HTC char were healthy, and no disease incidence occurred. Pseudomonas putida L2 and Stenotrophomonas pavanii L8 isolates demonstrated a disease reduction compared to un-inoculated plants under MBC and WBC amended soil that was infested with Fusarium solani.

Download Full-text

Effect of fungal endophytes of soybean (Cv. JS-335) on growth parameters and charcoal rot disease incidence of soybean

International Journal of Chemical Studies ◽

10.22271/chemi.2021.v9.i1w.11461 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 1624-1628

Author(s):

Shruti S Kadam ◽

Sunita J Magar ◽

SN Banne

Keyword(s):

Growth Parameters ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Fungal Endophytes ◽

Charcoal Rot ◽

Rot Disease

Download Full-text

Exploring the Role of Foliar Application of Aspirin on Growth and Productivity of Wheat under Control and Rainfed Conditions

Journal of Plant and Environment ◽

10.33687/jpe.003.01.3711 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 01-11

Author(s):

Muhammad Jazib Khan ◽

Muhammad Fraz Ali ◽

Shahzad Ahmad Shahwani ◽

Abdul Waheed ◽

Irfan Aziz

Keyword(s):

Salicylic Acid ◽

Acetylsalicylic Acid ◽

Plant Height ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Spike Length ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Plant Responses

Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic acid) is an important signal molecule modulating plant responses to stress. Drought significantly decreased the growth rate and impaired the yield of wheat. Acetylsalicylic acid can improve the performance of wheat under both well-watered and drought conditions. Applying salicylic acid at a relatively low concentration positively impacted the physiological, yield, and growth parameters. In order to determine the effect of foliar application of Aspirin levels on growth, yield, and its components of wheat, two experiments, i.e., control and rainfed, were conducted to evaluate the effect of salicylic acid were carried out at glasshouse of Research Area, Department of Agronomy and university research farm Koont of PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi during cropping season 2019-20. Four treatments of Aspirin (Control, 120 mg/L, 180 mg/L, and 240 mg/L) for glasshouse (Control, 20 g/L, 30 g/L, 40 g/L) for rainfed were applied, which are to be known as As0, As1, As2, and As3 for both experiments. Foliar application of Aspirin solution sprayed at growth stage 37 on the Zadoks scale. Results of experiments revealed that for the 180mg/L of Aspirin (As2), improved growth parameters such as plant height, spike length, number of spikelets, and increased the wheat crop yield. In contrast, for the rainfed experiment, the plant height, spike length, number of spikelets, and increased yield were observed by applying 30 g/L (As2) of Aspirin, and the lowest results of these parameters were recorded in control treatment for both control and rainfed experiments. The overall results of this study showed that among the levels of Aspirin, the application of treatment As2 both for control and rainfed experiment, i.e., 180 mg/L for control and 30 g/L for rainfed Aspirin, have positively impacted the growth and yield parameters of wheat and bought improvement in wheat production under plant stress environment.

Download Full-text

Effect of PLRV infected seed tuber on disease incidence, plant growth and yield parameters of potato

Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.3329/bjar.v35i3.6441 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 359-366 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

MS Rahman ◽

AM Akanda

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Height ◽

Tuber Yield ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Tuber Number ◽

Insect Vector ◽

Stem Number ◽

Infected Seed ◽

Seed Tubers

An investigation was conducted to find out the effect of PLRV infected seed tubers on disease incidence, plant growth, and tuber yield of potato. The levels of PLRV infected seed tubers were 0, 10, 20, 33, and 100%. Presence of PLRV infected tubers at 20% and higher rate caused significant increase in disease incidence and reduction in plant height, stem number, tuber number, and tuber yield as compared to that in control. Incidence of PLRV in the experimental fields, reduction in plant height, stem number, tuber number, and tuber weight per hill was positively and linearly correlated with levels of their inoculum. Spraying of Nimbicidine against insect vector did not show significant influence on plant growth and tuber yield.Keywords: Inoculum levels; disease incidence; PLRV; insecticide; growth and yield performance; potato.DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v35i3.6441Bangladesh J. Agril. Res.35(3) : 359-366

Download Full-text

Elicitation of Phytoalexin rishitin in Potato Tuber Slices Infected by Fusarium spp., Does it Consider a Factor of Pathogenicity?

International Journal of Phytopathology ◽

10.33687/phytopath.007.02.2383 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 53-61

Author(s):

Mostafa H. Mostafa

Keyword(s):

Potato Tuber ◽

Disease Severity ◽

Storage Period ◽

Storage Conditions ◽

Potato Tubers ◽

Fusarium Spp ◽

Dry Rot ◽

Fusarium Dry Rot ◽

Rot Disease ◽

Short Time

Potato tubers, under storage conditions, suffer from Fusarium dry rot disease caused by Fusarium spp. leading to devastating losses of stored tubers. Newly harvested tubers are resistance toward Fusarium infection, but disease becomes more vigorous by increasing storage period. Inoculation of potato tuber slices of Desiree cv. (highly susceptible) or Spunta cv. (highly resistant) either by a weak pathogen (F. moniliforme) or severe pathogen (F. solani) and tracking accumulation of phytoalexin rishitin in inoculated tissues at different intervals from inoculation revealed that Desiree cv. accumulated high amounts of rishitin in a very short time in comparison to another three tested situations. Dipping of potato tuber slices of both cvs. in different concentrations of the known antibiotic chloramphenicol prior to inoculation with a weak pathogen (F. moniliforme) led to increased disease severity associated with accumulation huge amounts of rishitin in inoculated tissues. The correlation coefficient between disease severity and rishitin production was +0.83. Moreover, the reaction of spunta cv. toward inoculation by a weak pathogen was changed from the state of resistance to very severe susceptibility. Since chloramphenicol affects protein synthesis on 70S ribosome’s, it was postulated that it prevents synthesis of factor(s) take a part in cell death during infection. Mitochondria extracted from potato tuber tissues secret compound(s) decreased rishitin synthesis in potato tuber slices treated with mycelia extract of F. solani. Treatment of isolated mitochondria with this antibiotic led to the elimination of this factor(s) from their secretions. Results obtained revealed that the elicitation of phytoalexins may consider one of pathogenicity factor of such system.

Download Full-text

Biological control of rice sheath blight disease with formulation of indigenous Trichoderma strains under paddy field conditions

Acta Biologica Szegediensis ◽

10.14232/abs.2019.1.37-43 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

pp. 37-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shahram Naeimi ◽

Vahid Khosravi ◽

Mohammad-Zaman Nouri ◽

Hassan Hoda ◽

Csaba Vágvölgyi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Paddy Field ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Sheath Blight ◽

Field Conditions ◽

Sheath Blight Disease ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Broom Sorghum ◽

Blight Disease ◽

Better Than

The effectiveness of indigenous Trichoderma strains in preventing sheath blight disease was evaluated during two growing seasons under paddy field conditions. Broom sorghum seeds were used for mass production of Trichoderma strains. Colonized seeds were ground to powder and mixed with talc and carboxymethyl cellulose. Suspensions were made from the bioformulations and sprayed onto rice plants. Effects of Trichoderma strains on disease incidence and severity as well as yield and other growth parameters were determined and compared with a chemical fungicide and a commercial biofungicide. A combined analysis of variance across two years was performed and a statistically significant effect of year, treatment and their interaction was reported. Results indicate that environmental factors and different biological fungicides had a strong effect on disease development under natural conditions. According to the results, propiconazole and T. harzianum AS12-2 resulted in the least disease severity and incidence. Overall, the efficacy of T. harzianum AS12-2 in reducing sheath blight development was significantly better than other Trichoderma treatments and was comparable to the conventional fungicide.

Download Full-text

Integration between Compost, Trichoderma harzianum and Essential Oils for Controlling Peanut Crown Rot under Field Conditions

Journal of Mycology ◽

10.1155/2013/262130 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mokhtar M. Abdel-Kader ◽

Faried Abdel-Kareem ◽

Nehal S. El-Mougy ◽

R. S. El-Mohamady

Keyword(s):

Essential Oils ◽

Trichoderma Harzianum ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Combined Treatment ◽

Field Conditions ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Combined Treatments ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

Rot Disease

The effect of T. harzianum and some essential oils alone or in combination with compost on the peanut crown rot disease under field conditions was evaluated. Under laboratory conditions, results indicated that all concentrations of essential oils significantly reduced the growth of A. niger. Complete reduction was obtained with thyme and lemongrass oils at 0.5%. All T. harzianum isolates significantly reduced the growth of A. niger. The highest reduction was obtained with isolate no. 1 which reduced the growth by 81.1%. Under field conditions, results indicated that all treatments significantly reduced the peanut crown rot disease. The highest reduction was obtained with combined treatments (compost + T. harzianum + thyme and compost + T. harzianum + lemongrass) which reduced the disease incidence at both pre- and post-emergence growth stages, respectively. Similar trend corresponding to the previous treatments significantly increased the peanut yield which calculated as an increase in yield more than 75.0 and 80.0 during two growing seasons, respectively. It could be suggested that combined treatment between biocompost and essential oils might be used commercially for controlling peanut crown rot disease under field conditions.

Download Full-text

Efficacy of the bioagents Bacillus isolates and Trichoderma spp. in the control of wilt/root-rot disease in chickpea

World Journal of Science Technology and Sustainable Development ◽

10.1108/wjstsd-10-2015-0051 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 303-314 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hanan Ibrahim Mudawi ◽

Mohamed Osman Idris

Keyword(s):

Population Density ◽

Root Rot ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Content Type ◽

Disease Complex ◽

Root Rot Disease ◽

Root Necrosis ◽

Rot Disease

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the ability of four microorganisms to reduce disease infection of root lesion nematode (Pratylenchus spp.) and Fusarium spp. the causal agent of wilt/root-rot disease complex in chickpea. Design/methodology/approach – A pot experiment was conducted for three consecutive winter seasons. A completely randomized design with five replicates was adopted. Two Bacillus isolates and Trichoderma harzianum and T. viride and their combinations were applied in infected soil. The effect on plant growth parameters, disease incidence and severity, root necrosis, weight of shoot and root, nematode population density and reproductive index were assessed. Findings – The applications significantly (p=0.05) reduced the wilt/root-rot diseases complex. The reduction was attributed to the decline of the population density of nematodes in soil and root, and the suppression of the disease complex compared to controls, represented by reproductive index and the disease intensity index. Combinations were better than individual inoculation. The use of Bacillus isolate B3 and T. harzianum increased the number of flowers by 88.34 per cent. Reduction in the severity of root necrosis was in the range of 2.22-5.55 within a scale of 1-10. These findings indicate the significance of utilizing local bioagents for control of wilt/root-rot disease complex in chickpea plants. Originality/value – The microorganisms used in this study are indigenous.

Download Full-text

Strategies for the Management of Leaf Blight Disease Caused by Alternaria alternata in Gloriosa superba (L.)

Madras Agricultural Journal ◽

10.29321/maj.10.000485 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 108 (March) ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

◽

Meena B ◽

Rajamanickam S ◽

Meena R. P ◽

Nalina L ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alternaria Alternata ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Foliar Application ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Field Trials ◽

Leaf Blight ◽

Field Conditions ◽

Biocontrol Agents ◽

Blight Disease

Leaf blight caused by Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler is a severe disease of Gloriosa, causing severe yield loss in every part of Gloriosa growing areas of Tamil Nadu. The foliar pathogen was isolated from disease-infected leaves and proved its pathogenicity. Further, the molecular analysis of the pathogen using 18S rDNA confirmed the pathogen as Alternaria alternata. Attempts were made to explore the biocontrol agents and fungicides for the management of leaf blight incidence under field conditions. Four field trials conducted from 2014 to 2018 revealed that foliar application of talc-based formulation of Bacillus subtilis significantly reduced the leaf blight incidence and increased the seed yield under field conditions. Besides, prophylactic application of these biocontrol agents has also increased the plant growth parameters like plant height, number of flowers/plant, no. of pods/plant and number of seeds/pod. Similarly, foliar application of chlorothalonil (0.1%) and mancozeb (0.2%) was also credited to managing the leaf blight disease under field conditions.

Download Full-text

PRETREATMENT EFFECT OF BLACK PEPPER SEEDLINGS WITH Pseudomonas, Trichoderma AND MYCORRHIZA ON FOOT ROT DISEASE INCIDENCE

Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat ◽

10.21082/bullittro.v27n1.2016.55-66 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 55

Author(s):

Dono Wahyuno ◽

Dyah Manohara ◽

Octivia Octivia Trisilawati

Keyword(s):

Soil Microbes ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Block Design ◽

Black Pepper ◽

Individual Treatment ◽

Research Station ◽

Foot Rot ◽

Single Node ◽

Rot Disease

Foot rot disease caused by a Phytophthora capsici is a main constraint of black pepper cultivation in Indonesia. Improving soil microbial community populations are an alternative approach to suppress the disease incidence. The objective of the present study was assessing the soil microbe application on disease incidence. The research was conducted at greenhouse and field site in Bogor and Sukamulya Research Station, Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia. At the greenhouse: Seedlings of Natar 1 variety derived from a single node cutting were inoculated with: (1) P. fluorescens (Pf); (2) Trichoderma (Tr); (3) P. fluorescens + Trichoderma (Pf+Tr); (4) P. fluorescens + Trichoderma + AM fungus (Pf+Tr+AM); that artificially inoculated with Phytophthora; (5) The untreated treatment (0) and (6) the P. capsici inoculated (Phy) were used as control. The experiment was arranged in Complete Random Design, repeated three times, with 30 seedlings each. The field trial was performed at foot rot disease endemic site. The seven nodes pepper seedlings that previously inoculated with (1) P. fluorescens (Pf), (2) Trichoderma (Tr), (3) P. fluorescens and Trichoderma (Pf+Tr), (4) P. fluorescens, Trichoderma, and AM fungi (Pf+Tr+AM), and the uninoculated (0) were used as materials. The treatments were arranged in Complete Random Block Design with five plots each, which consist of 16 pepper vines each. Observations were carried out for disease incidence, soil microbes population and plant vegetative growth parameters. The results showed, all tested beneficial soil microbes reduced disease incidence occurrence for greenhouse, however only Trichoderma individual treatment reduced disease incidence lower than the control in the field test.

Download Full-text