scholarly journals HIV Prevention: The Key to Ending AIDS by 2030

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nana K. Poku
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Noticeable Improvement ◽  
Prevention Programmes ◽  
Cost Implications ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Biomedical Interventions

There is no viable substitute for re-energizing, funding and supporting culturally attuned, locally staffed HIV advocacy and prevention programmes, especially in resource poor settings. The evidence that such interventions are effective remains compelling; and although the cost implications are not negligible, the medium to long-term outcomes must be regarded not as complementary, but as integral, to biomedical interventions. The success of the anti-retroviral drugs upscale has enabled a noticeable improvement in AIDS related morbidity and mortality in the recent years; yet the underlying dynamics of the epidemic remains undetermined by the rate at which new infections are taking place in relation to the number of AIDS deaths. While the rate of new HIV infections is stabilising in some of the hardest hit countries, it remains far too high and the future cost of maintaining an ever-expanding pool of people reliant on daily drugs for survival is unsustainable. Countries must exercise caution in continuing to focus on treatment as a ‘quick fix’ to end AIDS as a public health concern. HIV is a socially culturally induced crisis and, as such, a variety of measures are needed simultaneously to appeal to different people, groups and circumstances.

Female genital mutilation in the UK: considerations for best nursing practice

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 788-791
Author(s):  
Bethany Rose
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Female Genital Mutilation ◽  
Nursing Practice ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
Health Complications ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Female Genital

Female genital mutilation (FGM) is any process that injures or removes part or all of the external female genital organs for non-medical reasons. FGM is a growing public health concern in the UK because of an increase in migration from countries where it is widely practised. Education on FGM for nurses is key to supporting women who have undergone the practice, as well as safeguarding girls and women who are at risk. Nurses must understand the history and culture of FGM as well as the long-term health complications to be able to support affected women both professionally and sensitively.

scholarly journals Classification of cesarean section through Robson criteria: an emerging concept to audit the increasing cesarean section rate

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 4674
Author(s):  
Anita Kant ◽  
Shweta Mendiratta
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Vaginal Birth After Cesarean ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Cesarean Deliveries ◽  
Poor Tolerance ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
The Cost

Background: There has been an increase in rate of cesarean section over last five decades. This is a matter of international public health concern as it increases the cesarean section related maternal morbidity. The aim of the present study was to audit the increasing rate of caesarean section.Methods: In the present study, all cases delivered by cesarean section during the period of six months were recorded and classified according to Robson's 10 group classification system. This was an attempt to see which clinically relevant groups contributed most to the cesarean deliveries.Results: There was a trend of increased percentage of cesarean section in group 5 and 2 respectively in present study. Increasingly sedentary lifestyle and poor tolerance to pain are adding to cesarean delivery on maternal request.Conclusions: We should judiciously make use of vaginal birth after cesarean section but not at the cost of maternal or fetal health. Standardization of indication of cesarean deliveries, regular audits and definite protocols in                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 hospital will aid in curbing the rate of cesarean deliveries in hospitals.

scholarly journals Ways to Immune Your Finances from the Cost of Heart Disease and Cancer Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12S2) ◽  
pp. 43-46
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Critical Illness ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
General Public ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Insurance Policy ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Questionnaire Method ◽  
The Cost

Threateningdiseases such as, cancer and heart disease are emerging as a major public health concern in India. This paper uses LANCET report to specify the background of heart disease and cancer in India. It also provides ways to transfer the out-of-pocket expenditure caused due to the diagnosis of such disease. Further it discusses about policies such as critical illness, heart and cancer insurance, heart insurance. This paper specifies different factors to be taken into consideration while purchasing a policy and assists in selecting the best insurance policy. To check the awareness among general public this paper uses a questionnaire, method to collect samples (of 417 members) and the results are interpreted accordingly. Finally, this paper also provides recommendations for Cancer Cover to make it more effective.

A public health concern: Sugar reduction advice

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 104-104
Author(s):  
Amy Noakes
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Health Visitors ◽  
Reduce Sugar ◽  
Sugar Reduction

Health visitors have a key role to play in helping families to reduce sugar in their diets, leading to long-term health benefits

scholarly journals The Effects of Air Pollution on COVID-19 Infection and Mortality—A Review on Recent Evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurshad Ali ◽  
Farjana Islam
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The World ◽  
Harmful Effects

The outbreak of COVID-19 has created a serious public health concern worldwide. Although, most of the regions around the globe have been affected by COVID-19 infections; some regions are more badly affected in terms of infections and fatality rates than others. The exact reasons for such variations are not clear yet. This review discussed the possible effects of air pollution on COVID-19 infections and mortality based on some recent evidence. The findings of most studies reviewed here demonstrate that both short-term and long-term exposure to air pollution especially PM2.5 and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) may contribute significantly to higher rates of COVID-19 infections and mortalities with a lesser extent also PM10. A significant correlation has been found between air pollution and COVID-19 infections and mortality in some countries in the world. The available data also indicate that exposure to air pollution may influence COVID-19 transmission. Moreover, exposure to air pollution may increase vulnerability and have harmful effects on the prognosis of patients affected by COVID-19 infections. Further research should be conducted considering some potential confounders such as age and pre-existing medical conditions along with exposure to NO2, PM2.5 and other air pollutants to confirm their detrimental effects on mortalities from COVID-19.

scholarly journals Is physiotherapy an underused approach to prevent surgery in selective musculoskeletal disorders?

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-413
Author(s):  
Junaid Amin ◽  
Sameer Gohir ◽  
Umer Qaiser ◽  
Ammar A Siddiqui ◽  
Freah Alshammary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Physiotherapy Intervention ◽  
Musculoskeletal Problems ◽  
The Cost

Objectives: The purpose of the literature review was to appraise the evidence that an early physiotherapy intervention helps to prevent the surgery in selective musculoskeletal disorders. A search of Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed was carried out utilizing the terms (“physiotherapy”, “surgery” OR “exercise, surgery” OR “rehabilitation”, “surgery”). Methods: The article titles and abstracts were screened for eligibility and included in the review. The recent literature evidently emphasized that physiotherapy has opted in selective musculoskeletal problems to avoid and delay surgeries. Results: Regardless of recommended conservative treatment option and effectiveness of physiotherapy, a massive gap can be observed between its evidence and practice. Conversely, overuse of diagnostic imaging, surgeries, and medications is present in clinical practice. In most of the clinical problems the long-term outcomes were reported the same with surgical and physiotherapy intervention. Likewise, patients can also get the advantage of better clinical outcome and cost-effectiveness with physiotherapy as compared to surgical intervention. Conclusion: The cost-effectiveness is an important factor in low-income countries where economic aspects of health care are highly considered. These advantages of physiotherapy should be considered by the clinicians, policymakers, patients, and included in the clinical guidelines. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(2) 2021 p.409-413

scholarly journals The Covid-19 Pandemic and its Effect on the Elderly: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maimoona Nadri ◽  
Ujala Zubair
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

In 2019, the world experienced a global public health concern when the novel coronavirus originated from China and affected around fifty-seven thousand people around the world by March 2020. The quick rise in the number of cases and the death toll overwhelmed the scientific and medical community. While all the focus was driven towards finding the epidemiology, the treatment and the management, the mental health aspect of the quarantine was being overlooked. The purpose of this review is to create awareness about the long-term consequences of quarantine, with the focus on the elderly community in Pakistan. 

Maritime piracy and the cost of world trade*

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Jones
Keyword(s):  
World Trade ◽  
Maritime Piracy ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Cost Implications ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The aim of this study is to determine the nature and extent of the threat of global maritime piracy. The cost of global piracy has been estimated at USD15-25 billion, reaching an all-time high in 2011, remaining an ongoing threat to world trade and contributing to high commodity costs. Design/methodology/approach – Based on a literature review of formal and informal published sources, this exploratory and diagnostic article attempts to approximately quantify global piracy in terms of pirate activity worldwide and shipper response, and looks at global trends and some tentative economic implications. Findings – The overall findings are inconclusive due to unreliable and piecemeal data, but global piracy clearly impacts goods carried by sea. The piracy problem may be estimated in terms of ships and crew affected, ransoms paid, the impact on specific commodities in terms of cargoes carried and cost implications of pirate-avoiding rerouting. Practical implications – Pirates are getting rich, but their compatriots are poorer than ever. Countries desperate for international aid are corruptly laundering pirate ransom income and continuing to support pirate warlords. Prices are continuing to rise for consumers in all countries. Solutions to the piracy problem remain elusive, and are considered in a follow-up article, Maritime piracy – the challenge of providing long-term solutions. Originality/value – Most articles in this field consider specific piracy incidents in particular locations, without an overall analysis of the impact on world trade as a whole. There is a gap in the literature for an up-to-date, analytical study of maritime piracy worldwide.

When Does Regionalization of Expensive Medical Care save Money?

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terri J. Menke ◽  
Nelda P. Wray
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Resource Sharing ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Medical Costs ◽  
Accurate Assessment ◽  
Empirical Estimates ◽  
Unused Capacity ◽  
Cost Implications ◽  
The Cost

Regionalization of expensive, high-technology medical care is often proposed as a way to reduce medical costs. Most empirical estimates of the cost implications of regionalization suffer from methodological shortcomings. Here, we discuss all the factors that must be taken into account to produce an accurate assessment of how regionalization changes costs. These factors include the following: (1) The extent of resource sharing among different services; (2) The extent of unused capacity; (3) Whether regionalized facilities have high, low or average costs; (4) Costs of a regionalized system, including transporting patients to the regionalized facilities, coordinating care between the referring and regionalized providers, and out-of network care; (5) The effect of regionalization on the volume of care; and (6) whether a short- or long-term view is taken.

scholarly journals The Costs of What? Measuring Services and Quality of Care

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Netten ◽  
Julien Forder
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Care ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Cost Implications ◽  
The Cost

If we are to be able to reflect the cost implications of changes in the nature, quality and productivity of long-term care interventions in future projections, we need an approach to measurement that reflects the value and quality of care. This paper describes a theoretically based but pragmatic approach to identifying the welfare gain from government expenditure on social care and illustrates an application in projecting the costs of long-term care used in the Wanless review of future needs of social care for older people in England.

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