scholarly journals The Relevance of Microcystin Monitoring in Dialysis Centers of Sicilians Cities: An Environmental Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 823-828
Author(s):  
Pietro Zuccarello ◽  
Gea Oliveri Conti ◽  
Maria Fiore ◽  
M.G. Elfio ◽  
Sonia Saitta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Algal Bloom ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Environmental Study ◽  
Elisa Assay ◽  
Dialysis Unit ◽  
Cyanobacteria Blooms ◽  
Drinking Waters ◽  
Harmful Cyanobacteria

Background: Sicilian surface basins are among the most important water supply resources available on the island. They are often affected by harmful cyanobacteria blooms as Planktothrix rubescens and Microcystis aeruginosa. Since dialysates are produced using network water, they could contain cyanotoxins. No study has been conducted yet to evaluate the removal efficiency of osmotic systems for cyanotoxins in abnormal conditions at room temperatures of about 40°C. The aim of this study was to monitor the presence of microcystins in Sicilian dialysis center, network waters and, finally, dialysates produced from these waters in an Agrigento dialysis unit where environmental conditions are favorable for algal bloom. Methods: This clinic normally receives surface water from artificial basins, where several times, traces of cyanobacteria have been detected. Moreover, dialysates and underground supply waters of a clinic in Catania were also sampled as control. Samplings were performed in summer 2018, when room temperatures were above 38 °C. A total of 40 samples were analyzed by ELISA assay. Results: Results of our monitoring highlighted concentrations of MCs in waters of several basins among LOD - 155 ng/L, lower than WHO reference value for drinking waters (1,0 µg/L), that decrease up to undetectable levels whereas no MC contamination was detected both in supply waters and dialysates. Conclusion: Although our first set of data outcomes seem to be quite comforting, an improvement of law and a complete census of the water supplies of dialysate centers would be ideal.

scholarly journals Treatment and benefit analysis of wastewater from construction of hydropower project

2019 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 06024
Author(s):  
Haitao Ling ◽  
Cong Su ◽  
Haotian Xia ◽  
Fei Suo ◽  
Mengjie Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Construction Site ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Hydropower Project ◽  
Benefit Analysis

In order to treat oil and other pollutants in downstream surface water causing by the construction process of a hydropower project, many methods were used. Besides that, a set of flocculation and precipitation facilities was designed as an emergency device for entire construction site. Good results were achieved in the treatment of construction wastewater, which has obvious economic and environmental benefits and has reference value for similar projects.

scholarly journals Highly effective removal of malachite green from aqueous solution by hydrochar derived from phycocyanin-extracted algal bloom residues through hydrothermal carbonization

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 5790-5799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Fayu Zhang ◽  
Qing Huang
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Malachite Green ◽  
Emergency Treatment ◽  
Algal Bloom ◽  
Harmful Algal Bloom ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Cyanobacteria Blooms ◽  
Effective Removal ◽  
Highly Effective

Huge volumes of harmful algal bloom residues (ABR) are collected during emergency treatment of cyanobacteria blooms, and phycocyanin-extracted algal bloom residues (PE-ABR) are produced after extraction of phycocyanin from ABR.

Comparison of culture and qPCR methods in detection of mycobacteria from drinking waters

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 280-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noora H.J. Räsänen ◽  
Helena Rintala ◽  
Ilkka T. Miettinen ◽  
Eila Torvinen
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Assimilable Organic Carbon ◽  
Environmental Mycobacteria ◽  
Drinking Waters ◽  
Qpcr Method ◽  
Sensitive Tool ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Environmental mycobacteria are common bacteria in man-made water systems and may cause infections and hypersensitivity pneumonitis via exposure to water. We compared a generally used cultivation method and a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method to detect mycobacteria in 3 types of drinking waters: surface water, ozone-treated surface water, and groundwater. There was a correlation between the numbers of mycobacteria obtained by cultivation and qPCR methods, but the ratio of the counts obtained by the 2 methods varied among the types of water. The qPCR counts in the drinking waters produced from surface or groundwater were 5 to 34 times higher than culturable counts. In ozone-treated surface waters, both methods gave similar counts. The ozone-treated drinking waters had the highest concentration of assimilable organic carbon, which may explain the good culturability. In warm tap waters, qPCR gave 43 times higher counts than cultivation, but both qPCR counts and culturable counts were lower than those in the drinking waters collected from the same sites. The TaqMan qPCR method is a rapid and sensitive tool for total quantitation of mycobacteria in different types of clean waters. The raw water source and treatments affect both culturability and total numbers of mycobacteria in drinking waters.

Removal of organic matter from surface water during coagulation with sludge flotation and rapid filtration – a full-scale technological investigation

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina Pruss
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
River Water ◽  
Algal Bloom ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Surface Water Treatment ◽  
Sludge Flotation

Coagulation with sludge flotation and rapid filtration was selected as a surface water treatment technology to be optimised with a full-scale investigation, which was carried out in Poland between August and October 2013. The river water treated was characterized by low alkalinity, high-temperature variability and a high organic matter content. In the course of technological studies, the processes of coagulation with sludge flotation and rapid filtration were analysed. The studies were performed in the most adverse conditions for the applied technology i.e. during the period of algal bloom and subsequent decomposition of dead plankton. Throughout the study, the river water contained mainly dissolved organic matter, with occasional increases in the concentration of the undissolved fraction during algal bloom. The undissolved total organic carbon (TOC) fraction was effectively removed through coagulation while small doses of ClO2 added prior to coagulation enhanced the process. The process of coagulation using high-coagulant doses at pH = 6.5 did not provide a reduction in the TOC value below the level of 4 mg C/L required for treated water. The effect was achieved by adding powdered activated carbon (PAC) before the filters. The coagulation products were characterised by low-hydraulic resistance which should be taken into account at the stage of water delivery to the filters, after flotation.

scholarly journals Effect of Environmental Conditions and Morphometric Parameters on Surface Water Temperature in Polish Lakes

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz Ptak ◽  
Mariusz Sojka ◽  
Adam Choiński ◽  
Bogumił Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Surface Water Temperature

Analysis of microcystins in cyanobacteria blooms and surface water samples from Meiliang Bay, Taihu Lake, China

2003 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 641-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.P Shen ◽  
Q Shi ◽  
Z.C Hua ◽  
F.X Kong ◽  
Z.G Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Taihu Lake ◽  
Cyanobacteria Blooms ◽  
Meiliang Bay ◽  
Surface Water Samples

scholarly journals Cold Plasma Treatment for Efficient Control over Algal Bloom Products in Surface Water

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hee-Jun Kim ◽  
Gui-Sook Nam ◽  
Jung-Seok Jang ◽  
Chan-Hee Won ◽  
Hyun-Woo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Cold Plasma ◽  
Algal Bloom ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Oxygen Depletion ◽  
Plasma Process ◽  
Ph Change ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Efficient Control ◽  
Kinetics Of

Algal bloom significantly alters the physicochemical properties of water due to drastic pH change, dissolved oxygen depletion/super-saturation, and toxicity, which lead to ecosystem destruction. To prevent this, this study evaluated the reduction performance of algal biomass by applying a non-thermal or cold plasma process. We used chlorophyll-a (chl-a), suspended solids (SS), and turbidity as indicators of the biomass. Results demonstrated that their removal efficiencies were in the ranges 88–98%, 70%–90%, and 53%–91%, respectively. Field emission scanning electron microscopy indicated how the cell wall of microalgae was destroyed by cold plasma. Also, the removal kinetics of cold plasma confirmed the enhanced removal rate constants. The estimated required times for 99% removal were 0.4–1.2 d (chl-a), 1.3–3.4 d (SS), and 1.6–6.2 d (turbidity), respectively. Overall, cold plasma could be a useful option to effectively treat pollution associated with algal bloom in surface water.

scholarly journals A study on Chinese ancient jades with mercury alteration unearthed from Lizhou’ao Tomb

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Bao ◽  
Changqing Xu ◽  
Qinwen Zhu ◽  
Yuesheng Li
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Hydrothermal Fluids ◽  
Jiangxi Province ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Structural Hierarchy ◽  
Spring And Autumn Period

Abstract“Alteration” geologically refers to chemical composition and/or structural changes of minerals under the influences of hydrothermal fluids, surface water, seawater, or other environmental conditions. In this paper, we use the word “alteration” to refer to chemical component and structural changes in jade artifacts caused by human activity and natural weathering, which is different from the term in geology. “Mercury alteration”, a kind of black alteration related to Hg, is unique among the several types of alteration that occur in Chinese ancient jades. Mercury alteration often appears on ancient jade artifacts unearthed from high-grade tombs of the pre-Qin period (before 221 B.C.). Therefore, ancient jades with mercury alteration have attracted substantial attention from Chinese archaeologists. This paper reports the use of materials analytic techniques to study such ancient jade fragments. The studied jade samples date to the middle and late periods of the Spring and Autumn Period (~500 B.C.) and were unearthed from Lizhou’ao Tomb in Jiangxi Province, China. Structural analyses revealed the internal microstructure of the ancient jade fragments and the microdistribution of the mercury alteration. The jade fragments exhibit typical characteristics of round holes and structural hierarchy, which imply that the jades were heated before burial. The black alteration on these jade samples was found to be rich in Hg. The results of this study will be widely useful in the study of ancient jade artifacts and jade culture in Chinese archeology.

scholarly journals Algicidal bacterium CZBC1 inhibits the growth of Oscillatoria chlorina, Oscillatoria tenuis, and Oscillatoria planctonica

AMB Express ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Juan Hu ◽  
Yu Xu ◽  
Hao-Chang Su ◽  
Wu-Jie Xu ◽  
Li-Hua Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Algal Species ◽  
Algicidal Bacteria ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Algicidal Bacterium ◽  
Cyanobacteria Blooms ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Harmful Cyanobacteria

Abstract Frequent harmful cyanobacteria blooms limit the sustainable development of aquaculture. Algicidal bacteria can efficiently control harmful algae without secondary pollution. The algicidal bacteria CZBC1 can lyse Oscillatoria spp. and other harmful cyanobacteria, but its effector mechanism and algicidal threshold are unknown. In this study, we examined the algicidal effect of CZBC1 on O. chlorina, O. tenuis, and O. planctonica by microscopic enumeration and scanning electron microscopy observation. Then, we examined the alginolytic effects of CZBC1 (concentrations 103–106 colony forming units (cfu)/mL) on these three species (concentrations 103–106 cells/mL) to determine the effective concentrations of CZBC1 for Oscillatoria spp. alginolysis. Results showed that CZBC1 can directly lyse O. chlorina and O. tenuis but indirectly lyse O. planctonica. When the initial concentration of CZBC1 was 106 cfu/mL, alginolytic effects were high for all three species at all concentrations, and the alginolytic rate could reach 100% in 3–9 days. When the initial concentration of CZBC1 was lower (103 cfu/mL), its inhibitory effects were delayed by 2–5 days, but the cell counts were significantly decreased compared with the control, evidencing significant alginolysis. In addition, the higher the concentration of the algicidal bacteria suspension, the more significant the alginolytic effects. Our results indicate that CZBC1 has different alginolytic mechanisms for O. chlorina, O. tenuis, and O. planctonica, and that different initial concentrations of CZBC1 have different alginolytic effects on these algal species.

Application of Rn-222 isotope for the interaction between surface water and groundwater in the Source Area of the Yellow River

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1253-1262 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Zheng ◽  
C. W. Wan ◽  
M. D. Du ◽  
X. D. Zhou ◽  
P. Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
The North ◽  
Surface Water And Groundwater ◽  
Average Fraction ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau

A pioneering rapid and direct measurement of dissolved 222Rn in the field has been used here to explore interaction between surface and groundwater in the source area of the Yellow River (SAYR). The results indicate average 222Rn activity of 2,371 Bq/m3 in surface water and 27,835 Bq/m3 in groundwater. The high 222Rn activity (up to 9,133 Bq/m3) found in the southeast part of the SAYR suggests possible influence of permafrost on the exchange between surface water and groundwater. The remarkable contrast among the different samples of a stream in the Shuangchagou basin, a typical basin in the SAYR, clearly indicates groundwater infiltration along the north tributary and occurrence of groundwater end-member in the south tributary. Considering no 222Rn decay and atmospheric evasion, the daily average fraction of groundwater input to the surface water through the end-member in a location (S1) is estimated at 19%. Despite the up to 40% uncertainty, this is the first estimate of a reference value for groundwater input in this basin and which can be improved in the future with more samples and measurements. 222Rn can be a rapid and easily measured tracer of surface water–groundwater interaction for future investigation in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

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