scholarly journals Foot Pressure Distribution Variation in Pre-obese, Obese and Non-obese Individuals – Forensic Implications

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kewal Krishan ◽  
Tanuj Kanchan
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Crime Scene ◽  
The Body ◽  
Forensic Sciences ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Obese Adult ◽  
Foot Pressure ◽  
Plantar Pressure Distribution ◽  
Hind Foot ◽  
Forensic Podiatry

The present commentary refers to recent research on the plantar pressure distribution variation in pre-obese, obese and non-obese adult individuals. While the studies observe significant changes in the contact area in the mid foot region i.e. instep region, no statistically significant differences were observed in the pressure distribution of the fore-foot and hind-foot region among the pre-obese and non-obese groups. Thus, the pressure distribution of the sole of the individuals depends upon the body weight of the individuals. In this commentary, we emphasize that the results of these studies; besides their clinical implications, have applications in forensic sciences especially in the field of forensic podiatry too which is concerned with the examination of pedal evidence recovered at the crime scene.

scholarly journals Genetic Identification: A Review on Autosomal Single Nucleotide Polymorphism’s as Diagnostic Tool for Identifying Human

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Fahmida Kahtoon ◽  
Ruba Mustafa Elsaid Ahmed ◽  
Naveed Iqbal ◽  
Zahid Balouch ◽  
Fahad Saleh Alenazi
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Science ◽  
Molecular Genetics ◽  
Crime Scene ◽  
The Body ◽  
Genetic Identification ◽  
Forensic Sciences ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Autosomal Snps ◽  
Single Nucleotide

Single Nucleotide polymorphisms are biological markers, helping researchers  to locate genes that are associated with various  diseases. When SNPs occur within a gene or in a regulatory region near a gene, they may play a more direct role in disease by affecting the gene's function. Most SNPs have no effect on health or development.Advancement in the field of genetics has resulted in the application of several techniques of molecular genetics in Pharmacogenomics. Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) holds the key in defining the risk of an individual’s susceptibility to various illnesses and response to drugs The body of human beings is composed of DNA which is a chemical molecule responsible for imparting phenotypic and genotypic characteristics to the individuals. The most recent advancement of molecular genetics, which has found application in forensic science, is the use of autosomal SNPs because they can provide information about the ancestral genetics of human beings.The primary aim of this research is to explore the significance of autosomal SNPs in forensic science through the identification of humans at a crime scene. A secondary qualitative research design has been selected for conducting this study. This secondary research is based on a systematic review of the studies which have provided an insight in the significance of autosomal SNPs in forensic sciences by using various Data search Engine. SNPs can be used in the forensic investigation for the identification of individuals present at the crime scene.

scholarly journals Analysis of students’ foot pressure distribution on the ground, as well as their body balance before and after exercise

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 194-204
Author(s):  
Jarosław Jaszczur-Nowicki ◽  
Joanna Bukowska ◽  
Dariusz Kruczkowski ◽  
Michał Spieszny ◽  
Magdalena Pieniążek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
The Body ◽  
Foot Pressure ◽  
Body Balance ◽  
Balance System ◽  
Functional Efficiency ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Impact

Background and Study Aim: The article presents the results of analyses of students’ foot pressure distribution on the ground, as well as their body balance before and after exercise (Harvard Step Test). The aim of the paper was to carry out a comparative analysis of foot pressure distribution on the ground, as well as assess the degree of body balance before and after exercise. With that purpose in view, the following research hypothesis was formulated: in the students participating in the study, the distribution of foot pressure on the ground and the degree of body balance differ significantly after physical effort compared with the at-rest conditions. Material and Methods: The study encompassed n=48 students, including 37 women and 11 men. The tests were carried out using such tools as: an EPS/R1 podobarographic mat and the impedance methods – i.e. the InBody 270 body composition analyser. An analysis was performed for the parameters concerning body composition, the distribution of foot pressure on the ground, and the level of body balance. Results: The results obtained revealed statistically significant differences in the physiological parameters of foot arching and the functional efficiency of the body balance system under different measurement conditions that reflected the impact of effort stimuli. Conclusions: Significant differences reflecting the impact of the effort stimuli were expected to be achieved during the mathematical analysis of the results of podobarographic tests that allow for the assessment of the physiological parameters of foot arching and the functional efficiency of the body balance system under different measurement conditions. The authors’ assumption was mathematically and statistically confirmed by significant differences foe most of the parameters arising out of the possibilities offered by the research method applied. Comparative assessment unquestionably revealed a negative change in foot arching, as well as lower body posture stability in the female and male subjects, resulting from the physical exercise applied.

Active Foot Pressure Control for Diabetic Patients

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidya K. Nandikolla ◽  
Marco P. Schoen ◽  
Ajay Mahajan
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Foot Ulcer ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Optimal Shape ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Foot Pressure ◽  
Control Schemes

Foot Ulcer in diabetic patients is a serious medical problem. A major contributor for the development of diabetic foot ulcers is a high, localized plantar foot pressure. It is believed that in diabetes the nerves in the extreme parts of the human body are damaged and cause deregulated blood flow, which may cause an insufficient blood supply. This can lead to a loss of feeling, change in shape of the feet, necrosis and ulcerations, and ultimately to partial or total amputation of the body part. The loss of feeling in the feet results in a loss of feedback to control the foot pressure distribution. It is proposed that high foot pressure concentration can be avoided by using an active, intelligent shoe insert, which is based on the mechanics of smart materials. This paper investigates the controls schemes necessary to accomplish an external foot pressure distribution scheme for preventing ulcerations or the progression of existing ulcers. A simple mathematical model of the shoe insert is developed. Foot pressure distributions for healthy subjects are used as a basis to control elevated foot pressures by changing the shape of the shoe insert. The optimal shape of the shoe insert with regard to the existing pressure distribution is computed. The optimal shape is implemented using different control schemes. The performance and the efficiency of the proposed control schemes are compared and analyzed. The main advantage of the proposed active shoe insert is its capability to sense the pressure peaks, change the pressure distribution, and provide stimuli for increased blood flow in the diabetic feet. [1,2,3]

Foot pressure distribution variation in pre-obese and non-obese adult

The Foot ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Beuy Joob ◽  
Viroj Wiwanitkit
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Obese Adult ◽  
Foot Pressure

scholarly journals Effects of Artificial Texture Insoles and Foot Arches on Improving Arch Collapse in Flat Feet

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 3667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao-Te Wang ◽  
Jong-Chen Chen ◽  
Ying-Sheng Lin
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Foot Pressure ◽  
Flat Foot ◽  
Pressure Sensing ◽  
Plantar Pressure Distribution ◽  
Flat Feet ◽  
Reaction Forces ◽  
Arch Index ◽  
The Impact

The arches of the foot play a vital role in cushioning the impact and pressure generated from ground reaction forces due to body weight. Owing to a lack of normal human arch structure, people diagnosed as having flat feet often have discomfort in the soles of their feet. The results may not only cause inappropriate foot pressure distribution on the sole but also further cause foot injuries. This study heavily relies on a homemade foot pressure sensing device equipped with textured insoles of different heights and artificial arches. This was to explore the extent to which the pressure distribution of the foot in people with flat feet could be improved. A further comparison was made of the effects of using the textured insoles with different heights on two different groups of people diagnosed with flat and normal feet respectively. Sixty-five undergraduate and postgraduate volunteers were invited to receive the ink footprint test for measuring their degrees of arch index. Nine of these 65 had 2 flat feet, 3 had a left flat foot, 5 had a right flat foot, and 48 had 2 normal feet. To ensure the same number of subjects in both the control and the experimental groups, 9 of the 48 subjects who had normal feet were randomly selected. In total, 26 subjects (Male: 25, Female: 1; Age: 22 ± 1 years; height: 173.6 ± 2.5 cm; body mass: 68.3 ± 5.4 kg; BMI: 22.6 ± 1.2) were invited to participate in this foot pressure sensing insoles study. The experimental results showed that the use of textured insoles designed with different heights could not effectively improve the plantar pressure distribution and body stability in subjects with flat feet. Conversely, the use of an artificial arch effectively improved the excessive peak in pressure and poor body stability, and alleviated the problem of plantar collapse for patients with flat feet, especially in the inner part of their hallux and forefoot.

Active Foot Pressure Control for Diabetic Neuropathy During Walking

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidya K. Nandikolla ◽  
Marco P. Schoen ◽  
Ajay Mahajan
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biomechanical Model ◽  
The Body ◽  
Heel Strike ◽  
Foot Pressure

Diabetic Mellitus is a disease caused either due to insufficient insulin produced by the pancreas or the body cells are unable to use the existing insulin. One of the main complications associated with diabetics is neuropathy, which is caused due to complete or partial loss of sensation in the feet and legs that lead to problems like inadequate delivery of nutrients and oxygen to the foot, which will cause healing impairment. In diabetic neuropathic subject, the hardness of foot sole soft tissue gives rise to plantar ulcer development. In this work, a biomechanical model is used to study the plantar distribution of forces in the foot. The dynamic foot pressure distribution during walking is used to carry out a stress analysis. This includes the motion of heel strike, mid-stance, and push off section of the feet during walking. A control strategy is proposed to mitigate the high stress concentration occurring during the walking phase. The control strategy includes a synergy of an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference controller and for comparison an optimal controller. The actuation is simulated through an external shoe insert. The three-dimensional multi-segment biomechanical model is used in conjunction with experimental data gathered from various literatures for simulation purposes of the proposed control strategy. The proposed intelligent controller focuses on stresses generated by the foot pressure distribution during walking and compares these with stress levels of healthy subjects. The insert changes its shape accordingly to redistribute the pressure levels at various regions so to achieve a pressure distribution equivalent to a healthy subject. It is assumed that the insert can actuate and measure the pressure distribution simultaneously. This could be achieved using smart materials for the shoe insert. The simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms and approach.

EFFECT OF WEARING INSOLE WITH DIFFERENT DENSITY ON STANDING AND WALKING PLANTAR PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (03) ◽  
pp. 1950006 ◽  
Author(s):  
NAHID TAFTI ◽  
SAJJAD BAYAT TURK ◽  
FATEMEH HEMMATI ◽  
EHSAN NOROUZI ◽  
KEYVAN SHARIFMORADI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Patient ◽  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Repeated Measure ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Foot Pressure ◽  
Foot Ulceration ◽  
Diabetic Ulcers ◽  
Plantar Pressure Distribution

Diabetic ulcers can lead to infection and amputation. Using insole can help to reduce and prevent foot ulceration and amputation in a diabetic patient. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of wearing an insole with different density on standing and walking plantar pressure distribution. Methods: A group of 10 diabetic patients participated in this one-grouped before-after trial. Plantar pressure distribution was measured during walking and standing. Repeated Measure was used to test differences. Results: Repeated measure test showed that use of insole decreased foot pressure while walking significantly ([Formula: see text]). Pairwise comparison showed that wearing shoe insole with shore 30 decreased pressure compared to wearing shoe insole with shore 50 ([Formula: see text]) and walking without insole respectively ([Formula: see text]). Conclusion: The insole has more effect on plantar pressure during walking than standing, it also concluded that insole with shore 30 decreased pressure during walking more than that of the insole with shore 50. It could be said that patients who suffer from pain and discomfort on hind and forefoot may benefit insole with shore 30 to relieve from plantar pressure on the hindfoot and forefoot regions during standing and walking.

Foot pressure distribution variation in pre-obese and non-obese adult subject while standing

The Foot ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 276-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Periyasamy ◽  
Ashutosh Mishra ◽  
Sneh Anand ◽  
A.C. Ammini
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Adult Subject ◽  
Obese Adult ◽  
Foot Pressure

scholarly journals Low Price Foot Pressure Distribution Screening Technique: Optical Podoscope with Accurate Foot Print Segmentation using Hidden Markov Random Field Model

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Heravi ◽  
A Ebrahimi ◽  
S Nikzad ◽  
E Olyaee ◽  
Y Salek Zamani
Keyword(s):  
Image Segmentation ◽  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Calibration Method ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
The Body ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Foot Pressure ◽  
Estimation System

Background: Foot pressure assessment systems are widely used to diagnose foot pathologies. Human foot plays an important role in maintaining the biomechanical function of the lower extremities which includes provision of balance and stabilization of the body during gait.Objective: There are different types of assessment tools with different capabilities which are discussed in detail in this paper. In this project, we introduce a new camera-based pressure distribution estimation system which can give a numerical estimation in addition to giving a visual illustration of pressure distribution of the sole.Material and Methods: In the first step, an image is captured from the traditional Podoscope devices. Then, HMRFEM image segmentation scheme is implemented to extract the contacting part of the sole to the ground. Finally, based on a simple calibration method, per mm2 pressure is estimated to give an accurate pressure distribution measure.Results: A significant and usable estimation of foot pressure has been introduced in this article. The main drawback of introduced systems is low resolution of sensors which is solved using a high resolution camera as a sensor. Another problem is patchy edge extracted by the systems which is automatically solved in the proposed device using an accurate image segmentation algorithm. Also the LCE, GCE and BCE measures demonstrate that lowest error rates are obtained with HMRF segmentation method.Conclusion: we introduced a camera-based plantar pressure assessment tool which uses we introduced a camera-based plantar pressure assessment tool which uses HMRF-EM-based method has been explained in more detail which gives a brilliant sole segmentation from the captured images. Most of the marketable measurement systems use electronic sensors to estimate the pressure distribution, but here we used the captured image and grayscale levels to compute a per pixel pressure which can be converted to N/mm2 scale.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Symmetry in Plantar Pressure Distribution under the Toes during Standing in a Postural Pedobarographic Examination

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1476
Author(s):  
Karolina Gawronska ◽  
Jacek Lorkowski
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Distribution ◽  
Plantar Pressure ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Foot Pressure ◽  
Plantar Pressure Distribution ◽  
Support Area ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Right

Pedobarography is a safe, non-invasive diagnostic method that enables estimation of plantar pressure distribution. This article aims to describe the symmetry between right and left toes in the Polish adult population using data obtained during postural pedobarographic examinations. Eighty-two patients, both sexes, with a mean age of 42.12 (range 19–70), without significant pathologies, participated in the study. Plantar pressure was evaluated using a PEL38 pressure plate. The study applies the elements of Cavanagh’s classification to identify the foot sole regions: Hallux, Second Toe and Lateral Toe areas and the entire foot surface. The parameters measured included maximal and average pressures, total support area for each foot, and contact area of the foot with the ground at individual moments of standing. The results showed significantly greater loading under the right Hallux in women. As regards men, higher values in the whole foot pressure distribution were noted on the left side. Plantar pressure distribution does not increase along with the global factors such as age and body mass. The findings suggest that the asymmetry in the morphological structure of the foot does not determine the asymmetry in the plantar pressure distribution. None of the feet studied had full symmetry on the entire surface.

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