Investigation of Micellization and Viscometric Behaviour of Organo-copper Soap-urea Complexes Derived from Various Edible Oils

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-137
Author(s):  
Arun Kumar Sharma ◽  
Meenakshi Saxena ◽  
Rashmi Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Edible Oils ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Wood Preservation ◽  
Solvent Mixtures ◽  
Volume Percent ◽  
Specific Viscosity ◽  
Chemistry Industry ◽  
Fundamental Information ◽  
Volume Viscosity ◽  
Copper Soap

Background: Of-late researches in colloid chemistry are becoming increasingly important in various branches of chemistry, industry, medicine and allied fields. Copper surfactants derived from various edible oils provide an interesting area of investigation pertaining to its fundamental information regarding their colloid-chemical behaviour. Copper (II) soaps and their urea complexes in polar and non-polar solvents have gained considerable popularity due to their immense use and widespread applications such as wood preservation, foaming, wetting, biocidal, pesticidal activities, fungicidal, detergency, emulsification, paints, lubrication etc. Objective: Present work has been initiated with a view to obtain a profile due to the nature and structure of copper soap and their urea complexes with long chain fatty acids in polar and non-polar solvent, which have great significance in explaining their characteristics under different conditions. The objective of the present work is study of micellar characterizations of copper soap and their urea complexes in polar (methanol) and non-polar (benzene) solvents of varying composition and subsequent determinations of CMC using physical properties such as, viscosity. This will provide fundamental information regarding their colloid chemical behavior. Methods: The density, molar volume, viscosity, specific viscosity, and fluidity of Cu (II) soap- urea complexes derived from various edible oils in a benzene-methanol solvent system have been determined at a constant temperature of 303.15 K. Results: Results: The results were used to determine the critical micelle concentration (CMC), soap complex-solvent interactions and the effect of chain length of the surfactant molecules on various parameters. The values of the CMC in the higher volume percent of methanol are higher than those of the lower volume percent of methanol. The values of CMC for these complexes are following the order: CSoU>CSeU> CGU > CMU : This shows that there is a decrease in the CMC values with an increase of the average molecular weight of the complex. The conclusions with regard to solute-solute and solutesolvent interactions have been discussed in terms of the well-known Moulik’s and Jones- Dole equations. The effect of surfactant concentration on the viscosity of the solution in the solvent mixtures has been discussed. The observations suggested that the solvent structure breaking effect by the solute on the solvent molecules is more prominent above the CMC as compared to below the CMC. Conclusion: The vital information about the micellar behavior of synthesized molecules as a solute and their interactions with different solvents will plays an important role in various industrial and biological applications.

scholarly journals Surface Active Properties and Micellar Features of Copper Soaps Derived from Various Edible Oils

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Kumar Sharma ◽  
Meenakshi Saxena ◽  
Rashmi Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Edible Oils ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Solvent Mixture ◽  
Surfactant Molecule ◽  
Specific Viscosity ◽  
Breaking Effect ◽  
Solvent Interactions ◽  
Surface Active Properties ◽  
Volume Viscosity ◽  
Solvent Molecules

Introduction:The molar volume, viscosity, specific viscosity, and fluidity of copper surfactant derived from various edible oils in methanol -benzene solvent have been determined at a constant temperature 303 K.Methods / Results:The results were used to calculate (CMC), soap complex-solvent interactions and the effect of chain length of the surfactant molecule on various parameters.The conclusions with regard to soap-soap and soap- methanol -benzene interaction have been discussed in terms of well-known Moulik’s and Jones- Dole equations. The effect of surfactant concentration on viscosity of the solution in solvent mixture has been discussed.Conclusion:The observations suggested that the structure breaking effect by the solute on the solvent molecules is more prominent above CMC as compared to below CMC after the formation of the micelles. The vital information plays an important role in various industrial process as well as biological applications.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Studies and Characterization of Copper Surfactants Derived from Various Oils Treated at High Temperatures by P.D.A. Technique

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renu Bhutra ◽  
Rashmi Sharma ◽  
Arun Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Spectroscopic Technique ◽  
Antimicrobial Studies ◽  
Free Environment ◽  
Copper Soap ◽  
Ir Spectroscopic

Introduction:Biologically potent compounds are one of the most important classes of materials for the upcoming generations. Increasing number of microbial infectious diseases and resistant pathogens create a demand and urgency to develop novel, potent, safe and improved variety of antimicrobial agents. This initiates a task for current chemistry to synthesize compounds that show promising activity as therapeutic agents with lower toxicity. Therefore, a substantial research is needed for their discovery and improvement. Chemistry of present era aims to build a pollution free environment. For the same, it targets to create some alternativeswhich are eco-friendly and nature loving. Present research work is a step towards achieving such alternatives.Method:For this the metallic soaps of copper (derived from common edible oils) were synthesized. The synthesized copper soaps have been confirmed by elemental analysis, UV, and IR spectroscopic technique. The fungicidal activities of copper soaps derived from soyabean, sesame oils have been evaluated by testing against Alternaria alternate and Aspergillus niger by P.D.A. technique.Result:The fungi toxicity results indicate that the strain of fungal species are susceptible towards these soaps and suggests that with the increase in concentration of copper soap it may increase further. The transition metallic soaps showed good antifungal activity because chelation increases the anti-microbial potency.

scholarly journals Electrospinning of Hyaluronan Using Polymer Coelectrospinning and Intermediate Solvent

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenka Vítková ◽  
Lenka Musilová ◽  
Eva Achbergerová ◽  
Antonín Minařík ◽  
Petr Smolka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Oxide ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Sodium Hyaluronate ◽  
Electrospinning Process ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Solvent Mixtures ◽  
Fluorescence Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Dc Electric Field ◽  
Solution Surface

In the current study, we present methods of sodium hyaluronate, also denoted as hyaluronan (HA), nanofiber fabrication using a direct-current (DC) electric field. HA was spun in combination with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) and as a pure polymer. Nonaggressive solvents were used due to the possible use of the fibers in life sciences. The influences of polymer concentration, average molecular weight (Mw), viscosity, and solution surface tension were analyzed. HA and PVA were fluorescent-labeled in order to examine the electrospun structures using fluorescence confocal microscopy. In this study, two intermediate solvent mixtures that facilitate HA electrospinning were found. In the case of polymer co-electrospinning, the effect of the surfactant content on the HA/PVA electrospinning process, and the effect of HA Mw on HA/PEO nanofiber morphology, were examined, respectively.

Mechanochemical Transformation and Synthesis of Polymers

1961 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Berlin
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Intrinsic Viscosity ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Internal Stresses ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Specific Viscosity ◽  
Mechanical Breakdown

Abstract The mechanical grinding, milling, mixing, homogenization, freezing and other processes of the physico-mechanical processing of high polymers are widely used in the industries of plastics, rubbers, synthetic fibers, food products, silicates and many other branches of technology. Some of these processes have a great significance in biochemistry, medicine and biology. An analysis of the available experimental data permits one to reach the conclusion that in the intensive grinding of natural polymers (cellulose, starch, proteins or synthetics (polystyrene, rubber, polyisobutylene, etc.) a mechanical scission (cracking) of the macromolecules is observed. The possibility of macromoleeular scission under the grinding of high molecular weight substances is due to the high probability of a localization of mechanical energy at different sections of the polymer chain, which under certain conditions causes internal stresses exceeding the strength of covalent or ionic bonds. Mechanical breakdown of macromolecules is possible not only with dry or wet grinding, but also by mechanical action on polymer solutions. Thus, for instance, Staudinger has shown that the high speeds and forces of friction developed in forcing a 0.005 molar tetralin solution of polystyrene, average molecular weight = Mave=6⋅106, through a platinum capillary bring about a scission of the macromolecules which is revealed in a decrease of about 30% in the specific viscosity of the solution. Forcing a solution of polyisobutylene (Mave=3.9×104–23×104) in dichlorobenzene through a capillary with a diameter of 0.2 mm causes a decrease in the intrinsic viscosity and an increase in the constant of the Huggins equation. An increase in the Mave of the polymer structure formation (cross-linking) and a repeated forcing through is conducive to the mechanical breakdown of the macromolecules. It has been established that in mixing together solutions of polymeric substances (starch, gelatine, polyvinyl alcohol, etc.) with high-speed mixers having a rotation speed of over 4000 rpm, a sharp decrease in the intrinsic viscosity [ν] is observed, while the degree of scission increases, with an increase in the rotation speed of the mixer, and also with a decrease in the concentration of the solution.

scholarly journals Understanding Electrodeposition of Chitosan–Hydroxyapatite Structures for Regeneration of Tubular-Shaped Tissues and Organs

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1288
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Nawrotek ◽  
Jacek Grams
Keyword(s):  
Structural Properties ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Cathodic Electrodeposition ◽  
Deacetylation Degree ◽  
Fundamental Information ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Secondary Ion ◽  
Scanning Electron

Tubular-shaped hydrogel structures were obtained in the process of cathodic electrodeposition from a chitosan–hydroxyapatite solution carried out in a cylindrical geometry. The impact of the initial concentration of solution components (i.e., chitosan, hydroxyapatite, and lactic acid) and process parameters (i.e., time and voltage) on the mass and structural properties of deposit was examined. Commercially available chitosan differs in average molecular weight and deacetylation degree; therefore, these parameters were also studied. The application of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry allowed obtaining fundamental information about the type of bonds and interactions created in electrodeposited structures. Biocompatible tubular implants are highly desired in the field of regeneration or replacement of tubular-shaped tissues and organs; therefore, the possibility of obtaining deposits with the desired structural properties is highly anticipated.

The Structure of Radiation Cross-Linked Poly (ethylene oxide) Gels

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 76-77
Author(s):  
C. E. Cluthe ◽  
G. G. Cocks
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Parallel Plate ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Radical Reaction ◽  
Free Radical Reaction ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
Poly Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Initial Viscosity

Aqueous solutions of a 1 weight-per cent poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) were degassed under vacuum, transferred to a parallel plate viscometer under a nitrogen gas blanket, and exposed to Co60 gamma radiation. The Co60 source was rated at 4000 curies, and the dose ratewas 3.8x105 rads/hr. The poly (ethylene oxide) employed in the irradiations had an initial viscosity average molecular weight of 2.1 x 106.The solutions were gelled by a free radical reaction with dosages ranging from 5x104 rads to 4.8x106 rads.

Biodiesel production from non-edible oils: A review

2020 ◽  
pp. 149-159
Author(s):  
Jatinder Kataria ◽  
Saroj Kumar Mohapatra ◽  
Amit Pal
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
The World

The limited fossil reserves, spiraling price and environmental impact due to usage of fossil fuels leads the world wide researchers’ interest in using alternative renewable and environment safe fuels that can meet the energy demand. Biodiesel is an emerging renewable alternative fuel to conventional diesel which can be produced from both edible and non-edible oils, animal fats, algae etc. The society is in dire need of using renewable fuels as an immediate control measure to mitigate the pollution level. In this work an attempt is made to review the requisite and access the capability of the biodiesel in improving the environmental degradation.

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