Exploring Efficient Network Structure of Interfirm Knowledge Sharing From Perspective of Optimal Node Degree

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Houxing Tang ◽  
Fang Fang ◽  
Zhenzhong Ma
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Node Degree ◽  
Knowledge Stock ◽  
Interfirm Networks ◽  
The Gift ◽  
Optimal Node

Background: Network structure is a critical issue for efficient interfirm knowledge sharing. The optimal node degree turns out to be decisive because it is generally regarded as a core proxy of network structural characteristics. This paper is to examine what is the optimal node degree for an efficient network structure. Methods: Based on an interaction rule combining the barter rule and the gift rule, we first describe and then build a knowledge diffusion process. Then using four factors, namely network size, network randomness, knowledge endowment of network, and knowledge stock of each firm, we examine the factors that influence the optimal node degree for efficient knowledge sharing. Results: The simulation results show that the optimal node degree can be determined along the change in outer factors. Furthermore, changing the network randomness and network size has little impact on node degree. Instead, knowledge endowment of network and knowledge stock of each firm both have significant impact on the node degree. Conclusion: We find that an optimal node degree can always be found in any condition, which confirms the existence of a balanced state. Thus, policymakers can determine the appropriate number of links to avoid redundancy and thus reduce cost in interfirm networks. We also examine how different factors influence the size of the optimal node degree, and as a result, policymakers can set an appropriate number of links under different situations.

scholarly journals Research on the Internal Relationship Characteristics and Their Influences of Knowledge Sharing Multilevel Network in Q&A Community

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohui Chen ◽  
Ping Hu
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Shared Knowledge ◽  
Node Degree ◽  
The Real ◽  
Exponential Random Graph ◽  
Knowledge Content ◽  
Treat All ◽  
The Relationship

The virtual communities have become the main position for people to create and share content in today’s society. It not only realizes the dissemination of knowledge and information, but also promotes the formation of the relationship between users. The traditional related studies treat all information in Internet as knowledge, which deviate from the real situation. Therefore, this paper uses text classification technology to classify the answer texts under the topic of “English learning” in the “Zhihu” Q&A community, and extract the real knowledge under the topic. On this basis, a multilevel network about answer-users’ knowledge sharing is constructed, and three subgroups with different users’ node degree are divided. The multilevel network exponential random graph models are used to explore the influence of local structural characteristics formed by the relationship between users on the whole multilevel network. The results show that: When the node degrees of answer-users are small and the network structure is stable, the initiative of sharing knowledge is small and the homogeneity of knowledge content is high; if there are structural holes in the network, answer-users will create an obvious clustering effect, and the heterogeneity of shared knowledge is high; for the subgroup with the largest answer-users’ node degree, the relationship between users is tight and the network structure is stable, then the shared knowledge is more heterogeneous.

scholarly journals Knowledge Sharing Strategy and Emission Reduction Benefits of Low Carbon Technology Collaborative Innovation in the Green Supply Chain

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuqiang Wang ◽  
Huimin Li ◽  
Yongchao Cao ◽  
Chengyi Zhang ◽  
Yunlong Ran
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Cost Sharing ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Green Supply Chain ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Knowledge Stock ◽  
Effort Level ◽  
The Cost

Knowledge sharing (KS) in the green supply chain (GSC) is jointly determined by the KS efforts of suppliers and manufacturers. This study uses the differential game method to explore the dynamic strategy of KS and the benefits of emission reduction in the process of low carbon (LC) technology in the GSC. The optimal trajectory of the knowledge stock and emission reduction benefits of suppliers and manufacturers under different strategies are obtained. The validity of the model and the results are verified by numerical simulation analysis, and the sensitivity analysis of the main parameters in the case of collaborative sharing is carried out. The results show that in the case of centralized decision-making, the KS efforts of suppliers and manufacturers are the highest, and the knowledge stock and emission reduction benefits of GSC are also the best. The cost-sharing mechanism can realize the Pareto improvement of GSC’s knowledge stock and emission reduction benefits, but the cost-sharing mechanism can only increase the supplier’s KS effort level. In addition, this study found that the price of carbon trading and the rate of knowledge decay have a significant impact on KS. The study provides a theoretical basis for promoting KS in the GSC and LC technology innovation.

scholarly journals Discovering the two faces of religious charismatic action – traditional and modern: a model

1999 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-304
Author(s):  
Jane Williams-Hogan
Keyword(s):  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Natural World ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
New Religions ◽  
The World ◽  
The Gift ◽  
Rational Calculation ◽  
Traditional Societies ◽  
And Control

In this paper, the author examines the issue of charisma and prophecy in secularized societies. In traditional society the charismatic personality or the prophet brought a universalizing and rationalizing message which simultaneously expanded and penetrated the sphere of external order in the world, giving people the ability to manipulate and control the natural world. The disenchanted world is the end product of this process, when no more mysterious forces come into play, and when one can in principle master all things through rational calculation. The gift of rationality almost randomly bestowed in the ancient world becomes, for Weber, the rightful inheritance of the modern individual. Clarity brought by charisma in a dark and foreboding world loses its brilliance and its ability to beckon when the world is filled with light. In investigating charisma in only traditional societies, Weber saw charisma as one dimensional, solely as the force of rationality. So envisioned, charisma dissipates in the very act of realizing itself through the transformation of the world. Given Weber's analysis, therefore, one would not expect to find genuinely new religions emerging within our transformed and rational modern society. In the examination of the founding something that is best identified by the sociological term charisma, though obviously in modern guise, is clearly evident. This points to the possibility that charisma is not static but has the dynamic capacity to be responsive to the structural characteristics of the society in which it operates.

scholarly journals Resilience of Urban Network Structure in China: The Perspective of Disruption

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 796
Author(s):  
Shimei Wei ◽  
Jinghu Pan
Keyword(s):  
Network Structure ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Economic Networks ◽  
Urban Network ◽  
Urban Networks ◽  
Location Service ◽  
Popular Subject

In light of the long-term pressure and short-term impact of economic and technological globalization, regional and urban resilience has become an important issue in research. As a new organizational form of regional urban systems, the resilience of urban networks generated by flow space has emerged as a popular subject of research. By gathering 2017 data from the Baidu search index, the Tencent location service, and social statistics, this study constructs information, transportation, and economic networks among 344 cities in China to analyze the spatial patterns of urban networks and explore their structural characteristics from the perspectives of hierarchy and assortativity. Transmissibility and diversity were used to represent the resilience of the network structure in interruption scenarios (node failure and maximum load attack). The results show the following: The information, transportation, and economic networks of cities at the prefecture level and higher in China exhibit a dense pattern of spatial distribution in the east and a sparse pattern in the west; however, there are significant differences in terms of hierarchy and assortativity. The order of resilience of network transmissibility and diversity from strong to weak was information, economic, transportation. Transmissibility and diversity had nearly identical scores in response to the interruption of urban nodes. Moreover, a highly heterogeneous network was more likely to cause shocks to the network structure, owing to its cross-regional urban links in case of disturbance. We identified 12 dominant nodes and 93 vulnerable nodes that can help accurately determine the impetus behind network structure resilience. The capacity of regions for resistance and recovery can be improved by strengthening the construction of emergency systems and risk prevention mechanisms.

scholarly journals Interfirm network structure and firm resources: Towards a unifying concept

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-264
Author(s):  
Jesse Karjalainen ◽  
◽  
Aku Valtakoski ◽  
Ilkka Kauranen ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Strategic Alliances ◽  
Resource Distribution ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Firm Resources ◽  
Network Resource ◽  
Interfirm Networks ◽  
Extant Literature

PURPOSE: The objective of this paper is to propose a concept of network resource distribution that systematically unifies the resource-based and network-based perspectives on interfirm networks and enables integrated analysis of how firm resources and network structure interact to affect firm performance. METHODOLOGY: This conceptual paper first reviews the extant literature on interfirm networks and then develops the unifying concept of network resource distribution. FINDINGS: The literature review indicates that strategy scholars have long sought to integrate the resource-based view and the social network explanations of firm performance but, thus far, only a partial integration has been achieved. In particular, studies on the resource-level heterogeneity of interfirm networks have largely been limited to the analysis of firm dyads. How firm resources and network structure beyond the immediate network partners interact to affect firm performance has not yet been adequately addressed. The proposed unified concept of network resource distribution systematizes prior research and illuminates how network structure and firm resources interact to affect firm performance beyond the immediate network partners. IMPLICATIONS FOR THEORY AND PRACTICE: For theory, this paper highlights gaps in the extant literature on interfirm networks and proposes a unifying concept that can be utilized to address these gaps and to develop further theory in the area. For practice, this paper encourages managers not to limit their analyses of strategic alliances to immediate partnerships; it is also crucial to consider the partners and their resources, and reflect on how they are related to one another outside of the immediate partnership portfolio. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: Network resource distribution is a novel concept that ties together and systematizes various strands of research on interfirm networks, thus providing a foundation for future research in the area. The concept is also amenable to detailed operationalization, facilitating subsequent quantitative testing of theoretical arguments combining firm resources and the structure of a network.

Let the buyer beware: how network structure can enable (and prevent) supply chain fraud

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott DuHadway ◽  
Carlos Mena ◽  
Lisa Marie Ellram
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Structural Holes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Bridge Collapse ◽  
Multiple Case

PurposeSupply chain fraud is a significant global concern for firms, consumers and governments. Evidence of major fraud events suggests the role of supply chain structures in enabling and facilitating fraud, as they often involve several parties in complicated networks designed to obfuscate the fraud. This paper identifies how the structural characteristics of supply chains can play an important role in enabling, facilitating and preventing fraud.Design/methodology/approachThe research follows a theory elaboration approach. The authors build on structural holes theory in conjunction with a multiple case study research design to identify new concepts and develop propositions regarding the role of network structure on supply chain fraud.FindingsThis research shows how structural holes in a supply chain can create advantages for unscrupulous firms, a role we call tertius fraudans, or the cheating third. This situation is exacerbated by structural ignorance, which refers to the lack of knowledge about structural connections in the network. Both structural holes and structural ignorance can create information gaps that facilitate fraud, and the authors propose solutions to detect and prevent this kind of fraud.Originality/valueThis paper extends structural holes theory into the domain of fraud. Novel concepts including tertius fraudans, structural ignorance and bridge collapse are offered, alongside a series of propositions that can help understand and manage structural supply chain fraud.

A transportation network evolution model based on link prediction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Gu ◽  
Keping Li ◽  
Yan Liang ◽  
Dongyang Yan
Keyword(s):  
Network Structure ◽  
Link Prediction ◽  
Transportation Networks ◽  
Network Evolution ◽  
Evolution Model ◽  
Civil Aviation ◽  
Node Degree ◽  
Network Efficiency ◽  
Evolution Mechanism ◽  
Proposed Model

An effective and reliable evolution model can provide strong support for the planning and design of transportation networks. As a network evolution mechanism, link prediction plays an important role in the expansion of transportation networks. Most of the previous algorithms mainly took node degree or common neighbors into account in calculating link probability between two nodes, and the structure characteristics which can enhance global network efficiency are rarely considered. To address these issues, we propose a new evolution mechanism of transportation networks from the aspect of link prediction. Specifically, node degree, distance, path, expected network structure, relevance, population and GDP are comprehensively considered according to the characteristics and requirements of the transportation networks. Numerical experiments are done with China’s high-speed railway network, China’s highway network and China’s inland civil aviation network. We compare receiver operating characteristic curve and network efficiency in different models and explore the degree and hubs of networks generated by the proposed model. The results show that the proposed model has better prediction performance and can effectively optimize the network structure compared with other baseline link prediction methods.

Knowledge Sharing Online

2010 ◽  
pp. 230-240
Author(s):  
Hyunjung Kim ◽  
Michael A. Stefanone
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Online Social Network ◽  
National Income ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Social Network Size ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives

This chapter examines the contribution of information communication technology (ICT) to the operation of social and public policy. The governmentality analytic is introduced as a way in which to highlight how ICT is used by the state in governing populations. The chapter identifies four ways ICTs relate to social and public policy. First, social policy can be a response to ICT innovation and use. Second, ICT is used to implement and administer social policy. Third, ICT is used to develop and evaluate social policy. Fourth, the use of ICT can shape the very nature and substance of social policy. The chapter illustrates these theoretical and conceptual approaches by examining the extensive and innovative use of ICT in Australia’s national income security agency, Centrelink.The aim of this chapter is to explore the utility of online knowledge sharing for the health and human services. Experiences in marketing are used as a basis for the development of three broad and interrelated theoretical concepts—the diffusion of innovations, viral marketing, and online word of mouth advertising—as well as several other influential factors to explain online knowledge sharing. Three major elements that stimulate online knowledge sharing are distilled from these theoretical perspectives including internal factors such as altruism, online social network size, and topic salience. This chapter uses these elements to propose a model of e-Mavenism which explains the cognitive processes that lead to online knowledge sharing behavior. Based on the e-Mavenism model, several strategies are suggested for online health promotion and community education.

scholarly journals Optimal Interplay between Synaptic Strengths and Network Structure Enhances Activity Fluctuations and Information Propagation in Hierarchical Modular Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
Rodrigo F. O. Pena ◽  
Vinicius Lima ◽  
Renan O. Shimoura ◽  
João Paulo Novato ◽  
Antonio C. Roque
Keyword(s):  
Network Structure ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Synaptic Strength ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Strength Parameter ◽  
Information Propagation ◽  
Topological Features ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Parameter Ranges

In network models of spiking neurons, the joint impact of network structure and synaptic parameters on activity propagation is still an open problem. Here, we use an information-theoretical approach to investigate activity propagation in spiking networks with a hierarchical modular topology. We observe that optimized pairwise information propagation emerges due to the increase of either (i) the global synaptic strength parameter or (ii) the number of modules in the network, while the network size remains constant. At the population level, information propagation of activity among adjacent modules is enhanced as the number of modules increases until a maximum value is reached and then decreases, showing that there is an optimal interplay between synaptic strength and modularity for population information flow. This is in contrast to information propagation evaluated among pairs of neurons, which attains maximum value at the maximum values of these two parameter ranges. By examining the network behavior under the increase of synaptic strength and the number of modules, we find that these increases are associated with two different effects: (i) the increase of autocorrelations among individual neurons and (ii) the increase of cross-correlations among pairs of neurons. The second effect is associated with better information propagation in the network. Our results suggest roles that link topological features and synaptic strength levels to the transmission of information in cortical networks.

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