Current advances in novel SARS-CoV-2 disease (COVID-19) treatment and intervention strategies
Background: Down the seven months of the novel SARS-CoV-2 disease (COVID-19) outbreak in China and its global spread, there is a remarkable understanding of its epidemiology, pathobiology and clinical management strategies. While countering a heavy toll on health and economy, world’s regional authorities are enforcing safety guidelines and providing patient care. Currently, there is no globally approved treatment or intervention for COVID-19. Methods: A structured online literature search for peer-reviewed articles was conducted on the PubMed, Europe PMC, Google, WHO, CDC, FDA and ClinicalTrials portals, using phrases such as COVID-19 treatment and intervention, COVID-19 drugs and COVID-19 vaccines. Results: Analysis of the retrieved data showed that as a part of ‘Solidarity Clinical Trials’, hundreds of treatment and intervention strategies, including antiviral drugs, cytokine antagonists, convalescent plasma therapy and vaccine candidates have been registered, worldwide. Of these, while remdesivir the anti-Ebola virus drug has been granted approval as ‘emergency use’ drug in USA, favipiravir, the anti-flu drug has been recently approved in Russia. Tocilizumab and sarilumab, the cytokine (IL-6) antagonists have entered Phase-II/III clinical trials in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Among the leading vaccine candidates, an mRNA-1273 vaccine along with Pfizer mRNA candidate and Oxford ChAdOx1vaccine have entered Phase-III trial. Conclusion: The world health authorities have strongly and quickly responded to COVID-19 pandemic. Nonetheless, it is imperative for world bodies to unite in combating this health crisis by developing costeffective drugs and vaccines, and making them accessible to resource-poor countries.