scholarly journals Assessment of Drinking Water Quality of Different Areas in Tehsil Isa Khel, Mianwali, Punjab, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 376-387
Author(s):  
Hizbullah Khan ◽  
Muhammad Najeeb Khan ◽  
Muhammad Sirajuddin ◽  
Syed Muhammad Salman ◽  
Muhammad Bilal
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Chloride Ion ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Ultimate Result ◽  
Very High

Water samples were collected from 43 sites of Tehsil Isa Khel areas in order to determine the physicochemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, total hardness, calcium hardness, magnesium hardness, M. alkalinity, chloride ion (Cl- ), and fluoride ion (F-) concentration. The obtained results show that in Tehsil Isa Khel, only in Kala Bagh city, Kala Bagh water scheme (w/s), Tola Bangi Khel w/s, Kot Chandna, Awan Wala, Gidran Wala, and Cheena Pora water is drinkable. Overall, electrical conductivity, hardness, total alkalinity, chloride, fluoride levels in the water of Tehsil Isa Khel are very high and not fit for drinking, washing, and industrial purpose. The ultimate result of this study is helpful to address the leading cause of public health problems related to the deteriorated quality of drinking water, and an integrated approach is therefore required to provide safe drinking water to people in Tehsil Isa Khel.

scholarly journals Long-Term Drinking Water Quality Assessment Using Index and Multivariate Statistical Analysis for Three Water Treatment Plants of Erbil City, Iraq

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-48
Author(s):  
Hayder Mohammed Issa ◽  
Reem Ahmed Alrwai
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Water Treatment Plants

Safe source of drinking water is always considered as an essential factor in water supply for cities and urban areas. As a part of this issue, drinking water quality is monitored via a useful scheme: developing drinking water quality index DWQI. DWQI is preferably used as it summarizes the whole physicochemical and bacteriological properties of a drinking water sample into a single and simple term. In this study, an evaluation was made for three drinking water treatment plants DWTPs named: Efraz 1, Efraz 2 and Efraz 3 that supply drinking water to Erbil City. The assessment was made by testing thirteen physicochemical and two bacteriological parameters during a long period of (2003 – 2017). It has been found that turbidity, electrical conductivity EC, total alkalinity, total hardness, total coliform and fecal coliform have more influence on drinking water quality. DWQI results showed that the quality of drinking water supplied by the three DWTPs in Erbil City fallen within good level. Except various occasional periods where the quality was varying from good to fair. The quality of the drinking water supply never reached the level of marginal or poor over the time investigated. The applied hierarchical clustering analysis HCA classifies the drinking water dataset into three major clusters, reflecting diverse sources of the physicochemical and bacteriological parameter: natural, agriculture and urban discharges.

scholarly journals A study on physico-chemical parameters of Dah lake water, District-Ballia (U.P.), India

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajnish Kumar Sharma ◽  
Devendra Kumar Soni ◽  
Nirupma Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Economic Condition ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Inorganic Pollutants ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Water District ◽  
Sensitive Parameters

The back water of river Saryu is a prime source of water for Dah Lake, located in Ballia district, have been studied to project the pristinety of water with respect to different pollution sensitive parameters i.e. organic pollutants– BOD, DO, COD, Inorganic pollutants - Electrical Conductivity, Turbidity, pH, total alkalinity, Chloride, Total hardness etc. The pH (7.68), total alkalinity (180.5 mg/l), Chloride (133.12 mg/l), Total hardness(139.83 mg/l), Calcium (60.26 mg/l) and Magnesium hardness (19.38 mg/l) were found well within the prescribed standard for drinking water (BIS 10500:1991) during the study period i.e. April 2006- March 2008. The study inferred that the water quality of Dah Lake is still free from the any kind of pollutants, must be due to its higher assimilative capacity. It also indicates the higher potential for pisiculture and drinking water sources (after disinfection) for the nearby villages which may ultimately improve the economic condition of the surrounding habitation.

scholarly journals Inland Water Quality Study of Mount Lebanon Range in the Region of Middle East

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 510-514
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Inland Water

Lebanon is a country with several rivers and renewable water resources compared to other neighboring countries. Lebanon has several major rivers that are originating from mount Lebanon. Rivers in-fact entering to the Mediterranean Sea by passing about 20-30 km from their sources at mount Lebanon through the coastal zones (west of Lebanon). Sannine Aquifer at mountain district at an altitude of 1,500 m, is the major inland fresh water, groundwater, source for the coastal area and servicing many lands and cities. In this research, the quality of inland water, fresh-water resources of Mount Lebanon range in the Middle East region, were studied. Water samples were collected from different places among Lebanese mountains. The collected samples were analyzed to measure the average concentration of selected Physico-chemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total alkalinity, total hardness, magnesium, etc. Many other inland water sources (wells) are also existing, however, many of them are saline and are not suitable for direct domestic use or even for irrigation. The study approach water quality assessment and level of pollution and potential impact to seawater of Mediterranean basin since there is a direct connection with the Seawater at each range. The average of electrical conductivity value of fresh water found to be slightly high, TDS value were moderately high while phosphate recorded at high level. Other data assessment show that the quality of inland water has to be monitored since it is deteriorating due to uncontrolled usage.

scholarly journals DESMIDS BIODIVERSITY IN FRESHWATER PONDS OF DISTRICT NAGAUR, WESTERN RAJASTHAN INDIA: A PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-377
Author(s):  
Abhilasha Choudhary ◽  
◽  
Moolchand Mali ◽  
Ranveer Singh ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Freshwater Ponds ◽  
High Calcium

The present study was carried out to investigate the desmids biodiversity in traditional freshwater reservoirs of Nagaur district, Western Rajasthan, India. The samples were collected in January 2021 from the freshwater small ponds which harvests rainwater located in and around Nagaur city. These samples were analyzed by following the standard method prescribed by A.P.H.A for assessing the various physicochemical parameters such as pH, TDS, Fluoride, Nitrate, Chloride, total alkalinity, and total hardness to check drinking water quality and for ecological assessment. Furthermore desmids species-level identification and description have been done with the help of standard literatures and monographs. Results of physicochemical parameters indicate the deteriorating drinking water quality of all four sampling sites. In the present study total of 16 species belong to 5 genera i.e. Netrium, Closterium, Cosmerium, Staurastrum, and Eustrum of desmids have been recorded for the first time from the freshwater ponds located in or around the Nagaur city. The higher biodiversity of Closterium and Cosmarium species at Jhada talab confirm its significant relationship with high calcium and nutrient-rich water quality. While low biodiversity of desmids at remaining all village ponds indicates that high pH and oligotrophic quality decreases the desmids biodiversity. Results of this study might be helpful to assess the geographic distribution of desmids flora of Nagaur district and establish water quality of protected freshwater habitats as well as in updating the list of current species of desmids in this sub-region.

ANALYZING THE QUALITY OF GROUND WATER IN KADUNA SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-418
Author(s):  
Paul Yohanna ◽  
Ocheme Victor Apeh ◽  
Timothy Lawuyi
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Groundwater Exploitation ◽  
Sampling Points

The study examines the groundwater quality of Kaduna south Local government area. The physio-chemical analysis of PH, sulphate, Phosphate, chloride, Iron, Electrical conductivity, Turbidity, Nitrates, Total suspended solid and Total hardness were carried out, the result obtained were  compared with  World Health Organization (WHO) recommended standards for drinking water. pH, sulphate, electrical conductivity, chloride, nitrate, total suspended solids, and total hardness in all location were within the acceptable standards of WHO. The collected data from the laboratory analysis were analyzed using simple tables, graphs and charts and the result reveals that turbidity and iron in all location were above the acceptable standards of WHO. Turbidity which is above the WHO with a significant  value at all the eight sampling points with 25.3,22.6,28.7,11.6,9.05,9.05,10.4,14.3 NTU respectively, Iron  concentration in all the sampling points is high with 35.0, 30.0,26.0 15.0,12.0,10.0, 15.0,11.0 mg/l respectively. Large amounts of Iron in drinking water can give it an unpleasant metallic taste. Iron is an essential element in human nutrition, and the health effects of iron in drinking water may include warding off, fatigue and anaemia (metaglobinaemia).Groundwater exploitation especially boreholes should be regulated by government in order to reduce the negative effect of water pollution to humans. This research reveals there is great need to analyze any ground water before drinking

scholarly journals Physicochemical Quality of Water from Chuho Springs, Kisoro District, Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-26
Author(s):  
Gerald Nkurunziza ◽  
◽  
Timothy Omara ◽  
Caroline Kiwanuka Nakiguli ◽  
Paul Mukasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Calcium Magnesium

In the current study, water from Chuho springs used as the main water source in Kisoro municipality, Uganda were assessed for their suitability as drinking water. The temperature, turbidity, conductivity, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, total hardness, total alkalinity, calcium, magnesium, phosphates, iron, copper, arsenic, chlorides and the fluoride content of the water samples were determined. Not all the parameters met World Health Organizations’ guidelines for drinking water. Temperature, dissolved oxygen and fluorides were outside the recommended limits of 15 ℃, 10-12 mg/L and 1.5 mg/L, respectively. Further studies should assess the microbiological and sanitary profile of the springs.

scholarly journals Water Quality Monitoring of Tigris River by Using (GIS)-Based Physicochemical ‎Parameters in Baghdad, Iraq

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.37) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Nadia Nazhat Sabeeh ◽  
Waleed M. Sh. Alabdraba ◽  
Ghadah Hasan Mohamed ◽  
Zainab B. Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Tigris River ◽  
Calcium Magnesium

Water quality deterioration has become an essential concern worldwide due to climatic ‎changes and increased pollution. As a result, the available drinking water supply resources‏ ‏will receive its ration of this deterioration. This study was conducted to monitor the water ‎quality of the Tigris River in eight different locations in Baghdad during the period ‎between 2005 and 2013. Water samples were collected and analyzed for fourteen ‎selected physicochemical parameters including alkalinity, total hardness (TH), turbidity, ‎total suspended solids (TSS), temperature, pH, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, electrical ‎conductivity (EC), chloride, calcium, magnesium, and sulfate. To show the spatial and ‎temporal variations of the selected parameters along the study area easily and objectively, ‎Geographical Information System maps (GIS maps) were used. Results showed that the ‎obtained values in winter of alkalinity, turbidity, electrical conductivity, and the ‎concentration of calcium, magnesium, sulfate, nitrite, phosphate, chloride, and total ‎suspended solids were higher as compared with the corresponding values in summer. On ‎the other hand, temperature, total hardness, pH, and nitrate values were higher in summer ‎as compared with the corresponding values in winter. The water quality of Tigris River ‎throughout the study period was within the permissible limits of the Iraqi standards for ‎drinking water.‎ 

scholarly journals Drinking, Tap and Canal Water Quality Analysis for Human Consumption: A Case Study of Nawabshah City, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 392-398
Author(s):  
Faheem Akhtar ◽  
Mansoor Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Naeem Akhtar
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Quality Of Water

The quality of water is of the utmost importance and vital concern for the human beings since it has a direct link with the human health and welfare. If the drinking water or tap water gets contaminated, it can result in severe health problems. For example, if the drinking water contains over the limit amount of fluoride then it can lead to bone deterioration and other bone related problems. The purpose of the present study is to carry out quality analysis of drinking and tap water in Nawabshah City. The analyzed parameters are pH, TDS, Total Alkalinity, Total Hardness, Calcium Hardness and Electrical Conductivity. World Health Organization (WHO) standards are followed in the present study. Total 18 drinking water and tap water samples were collected from 6 different locations in Nawabshah City. The parameters that appeared to be within the limits are PH and total alkalinity whereas TDS, total hardness, calcium hardness and electrical conductivity crossed WHO standard limits at some locations.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY FROM INDUSTRIAL AND RESIDENTIAL AREAS OF SANGO OTA, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
O.A. Oguntade ◽  
V.I. I Fesiokwu ◽  
O. S. Sule
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Total Suspended Solid ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Residential Area ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
High Concentration

High concentration of contaminants in drinking water can affect human health. This study assessed quality of groundwater at industrial and residential areas of Sango Ota, Ogun State. Water samples were collected in triplicates from 8 wells at industrial and residential areas and analyzed for its physicochemical properties. The pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solid (TDS), nitrate, sulphate, total suspended solid (TSS), total hardness (TH), iron, zinc, copper, lead, nickel, chromium and cadmium concentrations in the water samples were determined following American Public Health Association (APHA) procedure. Results showed that pH of 50 % of the wells were lower than minimum limit of 6.5 recommended by WHO. Sulphate, TH and iron in the water were significantly (p < 0.05) higher at residential area than industrial area. Electrical conductivity exhibited significant (p < 0.01) correlation with TDS (r = 0.701**) and NO32- (r = 0.922**) at residential area. At the industrial area however, concentration of salts in water samples was highly associated with SO42- (r = 0.864**) and Cd (r = 0.587**). Across locations of groundwater, iron and lead were above allowable WHO limits in drinking water. Cadmium was also above drinking limit at location T4 of the residential area. Consumers of groundwater in the study area are prone to health related challenges of heavy metal toxicity.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Assessment of Rain Water of Karachi, Pakistan

2014 ◽  
Vol 06 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Rain Water ◽  
Safe Drinking Water ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Good Source

Local Precipitation (Rain) is a good source of surface water and could be a safe source of drinking water if it is free from contaminants. Many Asian countries do not have access to safe drinking water; therefore, they have no alternative but to use water from contaminated sources that poses a health hazard. In the present study, thirty three rain water samples were collected from Karachi, Pakistan during monsoon season of year 2007. The pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO) and hardness were immediately monitored after sample collections and possible sources of NH4, Na, K, Mg, Ca, F- , Cl- , NO3 - , CO3 -2 and SO4 -2 concentrations in rain water of Karachi city, Sindh, Pakistan were analyzed in order to distinguish safe source of drinking water. All samples were completely free from fluoride contamination while the concentration of chloride and sulfate was in range of 15.11-125 mg/l and 10.02- 72.02 mg/l indicate their presence from air pollution. Moreover, the study showed that the rain water can be harvested to extend potable and non-potable water supplies in this city.

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