Adverse effect of using headphone

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1235-1243
Author(s):  
K. Ashok ◽  
M. Babu ◽  
V. Jula ◽  
Nila K. Mullai
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Sound Exposure ◽  
Sound Levels

Apart from the frequency, the length of the sound exposure is a major factor in the injury to the ear. Simply specified, louder sounds will cause much less visibility and more harm. Employers provide hearing aid for workers with an average exposure of 85 dB for over 8 hours, as mandated by the Occupational Health & Safety Administration (OSHA). Although this feels like a long while, headphones can do harm in less than an hour with only marginally greater sound levels, and music can be easily imagined with headphones lasting one or more hours. Usage length of exposure loudness.

Measurement and Prediction of Sound Exposure Levels by University Wind Bands

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kris Chesky
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Sound Exposure ◽  
Sound Levels ◽  
Wind Bands ◽  
Exposure Levels ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Over Time

The purpose of this study was to determine sound exposure levels generated in two college wind bands. Dosimeter data from a large sample of ensemble-based instructional activities (n = 43) was collected over time and processed to assess associations with predictor variables that may be relevant to this context, including indicators of time spend at various intensity levels, maximum and peak sound levels, degree of variability of sound levels over time, and the percentage of time playing music. The mean dose per event for the entire sample was 109.5% and ranged from 53.8% to 166.9%. Results of linear regression analysis revealed that regressors accounted for a significant proportion of the variance in dose (F = 128.42, p < 0.000) and a statistically significant and very large (96% variance accounted for) contribution to the prediction of dose. Findings implicate the critical role of the instructor and teaching pedagogy.

Subtraction Analysis for Predicting the Propagation Effects of Aircraft Noise

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (2) ◽  
pp. 4843-4850
Author(s):  
Yiming Wang ◽  
Kai Ming Li
Keyword(s):  
Time History ◽  
Federal Aviation Administration ◽  
Aircraft Noise ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
Directivity Effect ◽  
Sound Exposure ◽  
Sound Levels ◽  
Propagation Effects ◽  
Recorded Data

In 2013, the Federal Aviation Administration and Volpe National Transportation System Center conducted a series of acoustic measurements with a propeller driven aircraft operating in the regions near Houston, Texas. The recorded data on octave band sound levels, aircraft locations, temperature and wind speed profiles were used in the current study to quantify the uncertainties for predicting the propagation effects of aircraft noise. Use of the Aviation Environmental Design Tool (AEDT) was explored for its accuracy and validity in real world scenarios offered by the dataset. The sound exposure level (SEL) data for each section of a flight path was used instead of the time history data for reducing the directivity effect of the sound source due to the change in its relative positions with the receivers. A subtraction-based method was introduced to analyze the propagation effect in which the SELs between two receiver locations were compared. The use of the subtraction method reduces the possible influences of the sound power variations along the flight paths. The measured data for a spiral and a level flight event were presented and the AEDT predictions on the propagation effects were examined in this paper.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Tracking of Sound Exposure and Hearing Aid Usage through Objective Data Logs

2018 ◽  
Vol 159 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-116
Author(s):  
John B. Doyle ◽  
Rohit R. Raghunathan ◽  
Ilana Cellum ◽  
Gen Li ◽  
Justin S. Golub
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Academic Medical Center ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Data Logging ◽  
Sound Exposure ◽  
Pure Tone Average

Objective To use data-logging technology to objectively track and identify predictors of hearing aid (HA) usage and aided sound exposure. Study Design Case series with planned data collection. Setting Tertiary academic medical center. Subjects and Methods Individuals with HAs between 2007 and 2016 were included (N = 431; mean, 74.6 years; 95% CI, 73.1-76.0). Data-logging technology intrinsic to new-generation HAs was enabled to track usage and sound exposure. With multivariable linear regression, age, sex, number of audiology visits, duration of audiologic follow-up, pure tone average, and HA side were assessed as predictors of usage (hours/day) and aided sound exposure (dB-hours/day; ie, “dose” of sound per day). Results Mean follow-up was 319 days (95% CI, 277-360). Mean HA usage was 8.4 hours/day (95% CI, 8.0-8.8; N = 431). Mean aided sound exposure was 440 dB-hours/day (95% CI, 385-493; n = 110). HA use (β < 0.001, P = .45) and aided sound exposure (β = −0.006, P = .87) were both stable over time. HA usage was associated only with hearing loss level (pure tone average; β = 0.030, P = .04). Aided sound exposure was associated only with duration of audiologic follow-up (β = 0.100, P = .02). Conclusion While measurement of HA use has traditionally relied on subjective reporting, data logging offers an objective tool to longitudinally track HA use and sound exposure. We demonstrate the feasibility of using this potentially powerful research tool. Usage and sound exposure were stable among patients throughout the study period. Use was greater among subjects with greater hearing loss. Maximizing aided sound exposure might be possible through continued audiology follow-up visits.

scholarly journals Applying the Hierarchy of Hazard Control to Regulation of Sound Levels in Entertainment Venues

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 342-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Francis Beach ◽  
Robert Cowan ◽  
Johannes Mulder ◽  
Ian O’Brien
Keyword(s):  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Central Element ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Sound Exposure ◽  
Sound Levels ◽  
Hazard Control ◽  
Risk Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Occupational Settings

Abstract Excessive sound levels at events where amplified music is a central element pose a risk to hearing. Whereas noise exposure in the workplace has been recognized as a hazard for over a century, the potential harm resulting from recreational sound exposure has only become apparent in recent years. In occupational settings where sound levels are high, employers are required to implement risk-mitigation strategies to reduce sound exposure and protect employees in accordance with the hierarchy of controls. In principle, this same risk management approach can be applied to entertainment venues. In this paper we discuss how the measures stipulated in various policies and regulations aimed at protecting the hearing of audience members at entertainment venues fit within the hierarchy of controls. We compare the relative likely effectiveness of each of the measures and outline how the particular characteristics of entertainment venues impact on the practical application of these measures.

scholarly journals Quantification of Sound Exposure from Wind Turbines in France

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
David Ecotière ◽  
Patrick Demizieux ◽  
Gwenaël Guillaume ◽  
Lise Giorgis-Allemand ◽  
Anne-Sophie Evrard
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Environmental Noise ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Who Guidelines ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Noise Sources ◽  
Sound Exposure ◽  
Sound Levels

The WHO guidelines on environmental noise highlight that evidence on the health effects of wind turbine sound levels is either non-existent or of poor quality. In this context, a feasibility study was conducted in France in 2017. The objective was to suggest a methodology for calculating wind turbine sound levels in order to quantify the number of windfarms’ residents exposed to this sound. Based on a literature review, the Harmonoise model was selected for sound exposure calculation. It was validated by quantifying its uncertainties, and finally used to estimate the population exposed to wind turbine sound in metropolitan France. Compared to other environmental noise sources (e.g., transportation), sound exposure is very moderate, with more than 80% of the exposed people exposed to sound levels below 40 dBA. The total number of people exposed to more than 30 dBA is about 686,000 and 722,000 people for typical daytime and night-time meteorological conditions respectively, i.e., about 1% of the French population in 2017. These results represent the first ever assessment of sound exposure from wind turbines at the scale of the entire metropolitan France.

scholarly journals University Marching Band Members Noise Dosages and Hearing Health-Related Knowledge

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11497
Author(s):  
Nilesh J. Washnik ◽  
Jeffrey A. Russell ◽  
Ishan Bhatt ◽  
Rebecca Meier ◽  
Olivia Chuzie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sound Level ◽  
Marching Band ◽  
Band Director ◽  
Sound Exposure ◽  
Band Students ◽  
Sound Levels ◽  
Dose Limits ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Hearing Health ◽  
High Sound

Objectives: (1) To measure sound exposures of marching band and non-marching band students during a football game, (2) to compare these to sound level dose limits set by NIOSH, and (3) to assess the perceptions of marching band students about their hearing health risk from loud sound exposure and their use of hearing protection devices (HPDs). Methods: Personal noise dosimetry was completed on six marching band members and the band director during rehearsals and performances. Dosimetry measurements for two audience members were collected during the performances. Noise dose values were calculated using NIOSH criteria. One hundred twenty-three marching band members responded to a questionnaire analyzing perceptions of loud music exposure, the associated hearing health risks, and preventive behavior. Results: Noise dose values exceeded the NIOSH recommended limits among all six marching band members during rehearsals and performances. Higher sound levels were recorded during performances compared to rehearsals. The audience members were not exposed to hazardous levels. Most marching band members reported low concern for health effects from high sound exposure and minimal use of HPDs. Conclusion: High sound exposure and low concern regarding hearing health among marching band members reflect the need for comprehensive hearing conservation programs for this population.

Risk for Noise-Induced Hearing Loss From Use of Portable Media Players: A Summary of Evidence Through 2008

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. Fligor
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Background Noise ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Noise Induced Hearing Loss ◽  
Sound Exposure ◽  
Risk Criteria ◽  
Sound Levels ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Damage Risk

Abstract A growing body of evidence suggests that a small, but significant, percent of users of portable media players (PMP) are at risk for noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) from abusive use. This manuscript provides a brief review of damage-risk criteria and the methodological hurdles to accurately measuring sound exposure from earphones. The capacity of all generations of PMP exists to produce sound levels that would allow a user to exceed established damage-risk criteria. Whether or not a PMP user exceeds damage-risk criteria depends in part on the type of earphone used and the background noise that exists in the ambient listening environment. To date, estimates of noise dose from PMP use suggest that only a fraction of consumers are at risk for NIHL, but, given the extraordinary population of these devices, the absolute number affected may be quite large. Estimates of noise-induced permanent threshold shift from using PMP at high levels for 2 and 4 hours per day over a 10-year period are given, as well as an estimate of the number of people who may have NIHL from PMP use.

Prediction and Monitoring of Underwater Sound Levels from the Implosion of a Reinforced Concrete Bridge Pier

2017 ◽  
Vol 2628 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-57
Author(s):  
Paul R. Donavan ◽  
James Reyff ◽  
Carrie Janello
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Underwater Sound ◽  
Surface Reflection ◽  
Sound Exposure ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Bridge ◽  
Sound Levels ◽  
Exposure Levels ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Peak Pressures

After the completion of the new east span of the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge in California, large concrete piers of the old span needed to be demolished. To consider using controlled blasting for this action, hydroacoustic levels were predicted and monitored with regard to specified fish and marine mammal criteria. The metrics included peak pressure and sound exposure levels at distances from 25 to more than 4,000 ft from the pier. For peak pressure, the measured levels were slightly higher than estimated, although for sound exposure levels, the measured levels were somewhat lower than estimated because of the effect of surface reflection. A blast attenuation system consisting of a wide bubble stream was used to minimize the hydroacoustic levels in the water surrounding the pier. The implosion event consisted of 588 individual charge detonations ranging from 35 to 21 lb (15.9 to 9.5 kg/delay) spaced 9 ms apart. Although there were 135 individual detonations of the larger 35-lb charges, the highest peak pressures varied in level by 10 to 15 dB during the course of the implosion. The methods for predicting the levels, measured results, analysis of data, and performance of the blast attenuation system are reviewed.

scholarly journals Simulated seal scarer sounds scare porpoises, but not seals: species-specific responses to 12 kHz deterrence sounds

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 170286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lonnie Mikkelsen ◽  
Line Hermannsen ◽  
Kristian Beedholm ◽  
Peter Teglberg Madsen ◽  
Jakob Tougaard
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Peak Level ◽  
Sensitive Species ◽  
Sound Sources ◽  
Sound Exposure ◽  
Sound Levels ◽  
Harbour Seals ◽  
Key Species ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Avoidance Reactions

Acoustic harassment devices (AHD) or ‘seal scarers’ are used extensively, not only to deter seals from fisheries, but also as mitigation tools to deter marine mammals from potentially harmful sound sources, such as offshore pile driving. To test the effectiveness of AHDs, we conducted two studies with similar experimental set-ups on two key species: harbour porpoises and harbour seals. We exposed animals to 500 ms tone bursts at 12 kHz simulating that of an AHD (Lofitech), but with reduced output levels (source peak-to-peak level of 165 dB re 1 µPa). Animals were localized with a theodolite before, during and after sound exposures. In total, 12 sound exposures were conducted to porpoises and 13 exposures to seals. Porpoises were found to exhibit avoidance reactions out to ranges of 525 m from the sound source. Contrary to this, seal observations increased during sound exposure within 100 m of the loudspeaker. We thereby demonstrate that porpoises and seals respond very differently to AHD sounds. This has important implications for application of AHDs in multi-species habitats, as sound levels required to deter less sensitive species (seals) can lead to excessive and unwanted large deterrence ranges on more sensitive species (porpoises).

Sound Levels in Classrooms and Effects on Self-Reported Mood among School Children

2003 ◽  
Vol 96 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1289-1299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pär Lundquist ◽  
Kjell Holmberg ◽  
Lage Burström ◽  
Ulf Landström
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Work Environments ◽  
Task Orientation ◽  
Sound Exposure ◽  
Recorded Sound ◽  
Sound Levels ◽  
Sound Environment ◽  
Exposure Levels ◽  
Lower Background

The principle of this field study is an investigation of recorded sound levels in 24 classrooms and relations between sound level measures and aspects of children's rated annoyance, task orientation, and inattentiveness. The background sound-exposure levels were distributed within the interval of 33–42 dB(A)eq and the activity sound level exposure ranged between 47–68 dB(A)eq. The recorded levels must be considered as high for work environments where steady concentration and undisturbed communication is essential. Results do not support the hypothesis that lower background-sound level and fewer students per class would improve the sound environment by generating a lower activity noise or the hypothesis that higher sound levels should increase annoyance and inattentiveness as well as deteriorate task orientation ratings.

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