scholarly journals Phyto physico-chemical profile of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera Dunal)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (06) ◽  
pp. 120-129
Author(s):  
Bargale Sushant Sukumar ◽  
Tripathy T. B. ◽  
Shashirekha H.K.
Keyword(s):  
Withania Somnifera ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Powder Materials ◽  
Commercial Preparation ◽  
Phytochemical Investigation ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds

Introduction: The present article deals with study of phytochemical analysis of Withania somnifera Dunal roots. Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera Dunal - Solanaceae), The use of Ashwagandha (WS) is increasing due to a number of chemical constituents present in are found useful for promotion of health. Important bio-active constituents of Ashwagandha root powder are alkaloids, tannins and flavonoid and phenolic compound helps to promote the health benefits. Objective: Evolution of Physico- chemical and phyto chemical analysis of Ashwagandha (WS) powder. Materials and methods: The current investigation deals with extraction and detection or screening of active phytochemical compounds from different extracts of Withania somnifera root. Pharmacognostic studies, Physico-chemical studies, Preliminary phytochemical studies and HPTLC was carried out. Result and conclusion: The result drown were 2% foreign mater was determined. Loss on drying 1.6%, total ash obtained was 9%, acid insoluble ash was 1% and water soluble extractive was 12% and Alcohol soluble extractive was 13%. The phytochemical investigation revealed the presence of various phytochemical constituents such as alkaloids, flavonoids, carbohydrate, Steroids and Saponin Glycoside. HPTLC chromatograms of methanol extracts obtained from root of Withania somnifera revealed that higher quality of with a nolides was present. Hence the root of Withania somnifera was considered to mostly prefer for commercial preparation of drugs.

scholarly journals Pharmacognostical and Physiochemical Study on the Leaves of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Rohit Kumar Bijauliya ◽  
Pushpendra Kannojia ◽  
Pankaj Mishra ◽  
Prashant Kumar Singh ◽  
Rahul Kannaujia
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
General Characteristic ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Present Observation ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Phytochemical Investigation ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Chemical Studies

Aim: To rationalize the macroscopial, microscopical and physico-chemical studies on leaves of plant Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn. Methods: The pharmacognostic characters were determined in terms of macroscopy, microscopy and powder microscopy of plant Nyctanthes arbor-tristis leaves. The crude ethanolic extract of leaves of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn. was using physico-chemical parameters, and preliminary phytochemical investigation (TLC). Results: The microscopic study shows the general characteristic of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis leaves. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of various phytochemical groups like alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, phenolic, tannins constituents. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the established pharmacognostic profile of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis leaves will be helpful in developing pharmacopoeial standards for correct identification and quality control. The present observation will also be helpful in macroscopical and microscopical on leaves of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn. Keywords: Nyctanthes arbor-tristis, Pharmacognostical Study, Macroscopial and Microscopical studies

Microscopic and Phytochemical analysis of Desmodium velutinum (Willd) DC and Desmodium gangeticum (L.) DC. Panchanga powder

2021 ◽  
pp. 2950-2956
Author(s):  
Jigyasa Pathak ◽  
Aswathi M. P. ◽  
B. R. Patel ◽  
Harisha C. R. ◽  
Shukla Vinay J.
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Wild Edible Plants ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Edible Plants ◽  
Therapeutic Purpose ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Collection Practices

Background: Desmodium velutinum (Fabaceae) is one of the wild edible plants used traditionally to treat diarrhoea, haematuria, infertility and also externally used to treat scorpion bites. Though various parts of the plant have been used for therapeutic purpose, panchanga of the plant has not been studied for its Pharmacognostical and phytochemical characteristics in detail, following scientific parameters. Hence in the present study Desmodium velutinum whole plant has been studied for its pharmacognostical and phytochemical characters and compared with commonly used species Desmodium gangeticum. Methods: Whole plant of Desmodim velutinum was collected from Paikmal, Odisha and Desmodium gangeticum was collected from Junagarh, Gujarat in the month of November 2019 following good collection practices and shade dried. Pharmacognostical study and analytical study were performed following standard pharmacopoeial procedures. Results: Whole plant (Panchanga) of former is sweetish and latter is bitter. Powder microscopy of Desmodium gangeticum showed presence of rhomboidal crystals and lignified annular and spiral vessels. Desmodium velutinum showed presence of prismatic crystals and lignified pitted vessels. Physico-chemical analysis showed higher loss on drying in Desmodium gangeticum, and higher water soluble extractive values of Desmodium velutinum. Phytochemical estimation showed the presence of Proteins, tannins, and carbohydrates in both samples. HPTLC study showed similar Rf value 0.82 and 0.94 at 254 and 0.03 and 0.41 at 366nm. Conclusion: Basing upon the analytical and microscopic similarities Desmodium velutinum may be considered as substitute of Desmodium gangeticum

scholarly journals Pharmacognostical, Physico-Chemical and Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis of Whole Plant of Piper Longum L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 440-449
Author(s):  
Fathima Suman P ◽  
Minhaj . ◽  
I Arthi
Keyword(s):  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Plant Identification ◽  
Piper Longum ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Physicochemical Evaluation ◽  
Physicochemical Constants

This study deals with the Pharmacognostical physicochemical and phytochemical evaluation of the whole plant of Piper longum L. Pharmacognostical studies include macroscopic, microscopic and physicochemical evaluation. Physicochemical constants showed the values of total ash (10.8%), acid insoluble ash (1.3%), water soluble ash (3.2%), sulphated ash (12%), nitrated ash (1.85%), hot extraction (11.2%), water soluble extractive (4.8%), ethanol soluble extractive (12.4%), ether soluble extractive (5.6%), loss on drying (29%), swelling index (0.33) and mucilage content (0.8%) w/w. The preliminary phytochemical screening of the alcoholic extract showed presents of alkaloids, phenolic compounds, tannins, mucilage, starch, steroid and flavonoids. This study helps to development of different standard parameters of the plant which help the plant identification and authentication. Keywords: Piper longum L., Whole plant, Pharmacognostic, Phytochemical, Extract.

scholarly journals PHARMACOGNOSTICAL, PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF PIPER LONGUM LINN. FRUITS

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Priyanka Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Piper Longum ◽  
The Family ◽  
Perennial Shrub ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Phytochemical Studies

Introduction: Piper longum Linn, belonging to the family Piperaceae, is a climber, perennial shrub which is commonly found in India.  The dried fruits of Piper longum are widely used in Ayurvedic System of medicines since time unknown. It posses significant pharmacological properties due to presence of variety of chemical constituents in it. Objective: The present study is aimed to evaluate the pharmacognostical, physiochemical and phytochemical parameters for Piper longum fruits, as per the WHO guidelines for herbal drug standardization. Materials and Methods: WHO emphasized the use of standardized herbs and formulations for safety and best therapeutic results. Results and Discussion: Pharmacognostical studies shows that the fruits of Piper longum are found as green when fresh which turns grayish black upon drying. It posses pungent, bitter and acrid taste. The fruits are cylindrical with small petiole. The powder microscopy shows the presence of brown content, oleo resins, stone cells and calcium oxalate crystals. Physiochemical analysis shows variable extractive values in different solvents with maximum extractives of 20.6±0.021% in water and minimum extractive value of 6.6±0.036% in chloroform. Total Ash value of 8.3±0.015%, Acid Insoluble Ash- 1.16±0.025% and Water Soluble Ash- 5.5±0.01%, Foreign Matter- 1.62±0.12%, Moisture content of 15.70±0.051%, Bitterness value-1.96, Swelling Index-1.5±0.01 and Foaming Index- 102.33. Phytochemical analysis of the fruits of Piper longum shows the presence of alkaloids, volatile oil, tannins, fixed oils, and phenolics. Conclusion: The botanical, physical and chemical parameters obtained in this study can be used for establishing the identity and purity of the drug that will lead to safety and efficacy of the herb.

scholarly journals A STUDY ON THE STANDARDIZATION PARAMETERS OF CASSIA ANGUSTIFOLIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pragati Khare ◽  
Kamal Kishore ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Cassia Angustifolia ◽  
Fluorescence Characteristics

Objective: Now-a-days, the herbal medicines are much efficient for the treatment of various disorders as they have minimal side effects in comparison to the allopathic medicines. Cassia angustifolia, commonly called Senna belongs to the family Leguminosae and is a well-known laxative throughout the world. Senna is mostly found in Tirunelveli, Madurai, and Ramnathpuram districts of Tamil Nadu. Carbohydrates, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and amino acid are the important chemical constituents of C. angustifolia. The objectives of the present study are to investigate various pharmacognostic, phytochemical analysis, and pharmacological properties of C. angustifolia.Methods: The powdered drug was used for estimating the loss on drying, ash values, fluorescence studies, chemical tests, and extractive values. Macroscopic and microscopic studies were also performed.Results: The transverse section (T.S). of leaf showed isobilateral structure along with paracytic stomata, nonlignified unicellular trichomes with warty walls, and fibrovascular bundle. The fluorescence characteristics of leaf powder were studied both in visible light and ultraviolet (UV) light (254 nm and 365 nm) after treatment with various reagents. Senna is composed of carbohydrates, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and amino acid. It was reported that the total ash value was 11.23±0.25 w/w. The acid insoluble ash value was 1.4±0.1% w/w. Water soluble, ethanol, methanol, petroleum ether, and chloroform extractive values were 16.6±0.26% w/w, 3.7±1.75% w/w, 0.83±0.05% w/w, 1.6±0.1% w/w, and 3.2±0.25% w/w, respectively.Conclusion: The main pharmacological activities of Bauhinia variegata are anthelmintic, antiulcer, antitumor, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antigoitrogenic, and hepatoprotective. The present investigation provides the information on its pharmacognostic, phytochemical analysis, and pharmacological properties.

scholarly journals Phyto-Pharmacognostical Standardization with HPTLC Fingerprinting of Root of Citraka (Plumbago Zeylanica L.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-33
Author(s):  
Akhilraj A.R ◽  
Rukmini S ◽  
Amalraj A.R
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Plumbago Zeylanica ◽  
Light Yellow ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Family ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Analytical Standards

Background: Citraka or Sveta Citraka (Plumbago zeylanica L.) is an important medicinal plant mentioned in Ayurvedic classics, belongs to the family Plumbaginaceae. The root of the plant exhibits medicinal properties. It has a broad range of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, antidiabetic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, wound healing and cytotoxic. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate phyto-pharmacognostical standardization with HPTLC fingerprinting of root of P. zeylanica, one of the most accepted and beneficial medicinal plant in Ayurveda. Materials and Methods: P. zeylanica was collected from Konni, Kerala, India during the month of May 2018 and its root was studied for macroscopic, microscopic, physico-chemical, preliminary phytochemical screening and HPTLC fingerprinting following the standard protocol recommended by The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India and Quality Standards of Indian Medicinal Plants. Results: The root is long, stout, cylindrical and reddish to dark brown in colour. The transverse section of root showed 5-7 rows of small cubical or rectangular celled cork with light yellow walls, polygonal or slightly tangentially elongated cortex cells containing starch grains and coloured contents, phloem containing small groups of fibres, radially arranged xylem vessels and narrow, 1-4 seriate medullary rays. Physico-chemical analysis showed water soluble extractive value as 26.11±0.01 w/w and alcohol soluble extractive value as 15.85±0.00 w/w. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of root decoction showed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, tannins, saponins, resin and quinones. Conclusion: The information obtained from this research work may be useful to establish the botanical as well as analytical standards for the root of P. zeylanica.

scholarly journals Tinospora cordifolia (Wild) Hook.f. (Thomas) grown in Sri Lanka: Pharmacognostical, physico- chemical and phytochemical analysis of the stem

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-221
Author(s):  
JM Dahanayake ◽  
◽  
PK Perera ◽  
P Galappatty ◽  
P Fernando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Marker Compound ◽  
Physico Chemical

Tinospora cordifolia (wild) Hook.f. (Thomas) is an important medicinal plant distributed throughout in Sri Lanka and commonly known as Rasakinda in Sinhala and Giloy in English. It is widely used in Sri Lankan traditional medical system and Ayurveda for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, fever, arthritis, skin diseases and for Rasayana (rejuvenating) therapies due to its anti-inflammatory, hypoglyceamic, immunomodulatory, antioxident, anti-allergy, antipyretic, antiarthritic and various other medicinal properties. Imported T. cordifolia stems and Sri Lankan grown T. cordifolia stems can be found in Sri Lankan herbal market. Moreover, different varieties of Tinospora species known as Tikthakinda, Bukinda and Gatakinda are available in the market under the name of Rasakinda which leads to adulteration. Hence, in this research an attempt was made to develop standards for genuine T. cordifolia grown in Sri Lanka. Stems of T. cordifolia evaluated for macroscopical, microscopical, physico-chemical, phytochemical constituents, TLC and HPTLC fingerprint patterns. Microscopical examinations of T. cordifolia stem exhibited the wheel shaped appearance at the transverse cut surface, which is a main characteristic feature of the family Menespermaceae. Stem also showed the mucilage cells and abundant starch granules. Percentages of total ash, water soluble ash and acid insoluble ash, were 9.1%+0.1, 2.31%+0.1, <0.1% respectively. Among the percentages of extractable matter of T. cordifolia, highest amount was shown in hot water extract (16.2 %+0.3). Heavy metals (Hg, As, Cd, Pb) were within the limits given in WHO guidelines. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenols, saponins, tannins, steroids, flavonoids, terpenoids and cardiac glycosides. TLC fingerprint of T. cordifolia was developed using butanol: ethyl acetate: acetic acid: water in a ratio of 5: 8: 6:2 v/v and compared with one of its marker compound, Berberine. The HPTLC fingerprint patt ern of T. cordifolia showed a spot bearing the same Rf value corresponds to Berberine, at wavelength 254 nm. In conclusion, the results obtained from this study can be used as a standard reference for Sri Lankan grown T. cordifolia stems.

scholarly journals The PHARMACOGNOSTICAL, PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND HIGH-PERFORMANCE THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAHY (HPTLC) EVALUATION OF ERANDAMULADI KALKA CHOORNA

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Swathi N. ◽  
Anup B. Thakar ◽  
Harisha C.R. ◽  
V.J. Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Analysis ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Soluble Extract ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Common Ailment ◽  
Back Ache ◽  
Water Soluble Extract

Introduction: Erandamuladi Niruha Basti is mentioned in Charaka Samhita which is indicated in Trika, Prishta Shoola (low back ache) and acts as Maruta Nigraha. Low backache is the most common ailment in today’s busy life. Erandamuladi Kalka used in Basti contains 9 drugs in which most of the drugs are having Ushna Veerya and are Shoolahara in nature. Method: Sookshma Choorna of Erandamuladi Kalka was evaluated for their pharmacognostic and pharmaceutical analysis. Results: Pharmacognostic study showed the presence of contents such as cluster crystal of Hapusha, starch grains of Musta, spiral vessels of Bala etc. Physico-chemical analysis showed that the loss on drying 6.28%, Ash value 13.26%, Water soluble extract 19.34%, Alcohol soluble extract 4.24%, pH 7.0 Discussion and Conclusion: The pharmacognostical and phytochemical analysis of Erandamuladi Kalka Choorna confirmed the purity and genuinity of drug, which can be espoused for laying down the standards of it. Keywords: Erandamuladi Kalka Choorna, Pharmacognostic, Phytochemical analysis, HPTLC

scholarly journals A Study on Establishment of Phytochemical Analysis of Quality Parameters and Fluorescence Analysis of Costus spicatus- rhizome extract Medicinal Plants a Well Known Tropical Folklore Medicine

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-s) ◽  
pp. 240-243
Author(s):  
S Azhagumadhavan ◽  
S Senthilkumar ◽  
M Padma ◽  
P Sasikala ◽  
T Jayaseelan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colour Change ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Iron Phosphate ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Phytochemical Investigation ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Fluorescence Characteristics ◽  
Ordinary Light

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic pharmacognostical characters of Costus spicatus in rhizomes extract along with their physico-chemical parameters and fluorescence analysis. Methods: The pharmacognostical characters were determined in terms of macroscopy, microscopy, Powder microscopy, rhizome constant, fluorescence analysis and Preliminary phytochemical investigation. Result: The fluorescence characteristics of rhizome powdered extracts were determined under UV radiation of long and short wavelengths and ordinary visible light. When the powdered drug and extracts were treated with different reagents and observed under UV and ordinary light, they emitted various colour radiations. The colour change for the rhizome powder and individual extract were distinctive and reproducible revealing the solvent properties to the phytoconstituents and data is present. The moister content was calculated through the loss on drying method and was found to be 1.43%. The swelling and foaming index values were recorded. The phytochemical investigation indicates the presence of the organic phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, carbohydrate, flavonoids, protein, amino acids, phenols, tannin, glycosides, steroids and inorganic constituents like iron, phosphate, sulphate and chlorides. Conclusion: Various pharmacognostical and physicochemical parameters have pivotal roles in identification, authentication and establishment of quality parameters of the species. Keywords: Costus spicatus, Physico-Chemical parameters and fluorescence analysis.

Pharmacognostic and Phytochemical Evaluation of Trichosanthes dioica (R.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitin Kumar ◽  
Girendra Gautam ◽  
Anurag Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Drug Research ◽  
Outer Wall ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Innermost Layer ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
Trichosanthes Dioica ◽  
Endodermal Layer

Trichosanthes dioica seeds are mentioned in various traditional texts as a drug used for vermicidal anthelmintic, insecticidal, sedative, diuretic, demulcent, and expectorant purpose ethnopharmacologically. The studies were taken up to evaluate pharmacognostic, physicochemical and phytochemical standard for Trichosanthes dioica seeds. The objective of present study is to evaluate the morphological, microscopical, phytochemical and physicochemical properties of various bioactive compounds present in Trichosanthes dioica seeds. Preliminary phytochemical screening was done and HPTLC studies were carried out. CAMAG HPTLC system equipped with Linomat V applicator, TLC scanner, and WIN CATS-4 software were used. The microscopical studies of T. dioica seeds have showed mucilaginous epidermis made up of long thin trichomes, Innermost layer of parenchyma cells and sclerotic endodermal layer. Testa is 17-23 cells thick on the sides on the seeds. Exotesta: a layer shortly columnar pulpy cells, much elongate on the sides of micropyle thin walled but with fine fibrillar thickenings (not lignified) on the radial and inner wall, the outer wall thickened and slightly lignified, first filled with starch grains. Physico-chemical studies of T. dioica seeds have set the some standard i.e. Ether soluble extractive value 16.15%w/w, alcohol soluble extractive value 10.11% w/w, water soluble extractive value 9.22% w/w, Total Ash value 6.21 w/w, acid insoluble ash value 1.32% w/w, water soluble ash value 4.29% and loss on drying 24.33% w/w etc. were found out. Preliminary phytochemical screening was done then TLC and HPTLC studies were carried out. All the findings will be useful towards establishing pharmacognostic standards on identification, purity, quality and classification of the plant, which is gaining relevance in plant drug research for the identification and preparation of monograph of plant.

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